• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.23-35
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 3차원 수치모형을 이용하여 염수 대수층 내 담수 주입량에 따른 주입정과 양수정 사이의 담수체의 거동을 수치적으로 분석하였다. 대수층 내에 8개의 주입정이 동심원 상에 등간격으로 배열되어 있으며, 동심원 중심에 한 개의 양수정이 위치해 있다. 주입량이 상대적으로 작은 경우 주입정 주변의 담수체는 인근의 주입정에서의 담수체와 서로 혼합되지 않고 독립적으로 분포한다. 그러나 주입량이 증가함에 따라 담수체의 크기는 점차적으로 증가하며, 주입정과 주입정 사이에 염수와 담수가 혼합되어 있는 영역이 나타난다. 혼합되는 정도는 주입량이 증가함에 따라 증가되며, 이러한 현상은 양수정 주변에서도 동일하게 나타난다. 또한주입량이 증가할수록 양수정 주변 및 내에서의 염수비율이 점차적으로 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다.

• 지질공학
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.215-225
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• 2015

염수로 충진된 부산시 낙동강 델타지역에 염수오염을 방지하고 지하수자원을 확보할 수 있는 인공함양 실증시설의 구축을 목적으로, 고심도 피압대수층에 담수 주입시험을 실시하였다. 연구지역은 두꺼운(두께 10~21 m) 점토층이 가압층으로 분포하며, 두꺼운 하부모래층(두께 31.5~36.5 m)과 자갈층(두께 2.8~11 m)이 주대수층을 이루는 피압대수층을 형성하고 있다. 시험 전 실시한 전기전도도(EC) 검층결과 연구지역은 약 7~44 mS/cm의 EC 분포를 보이며, 15~38 m 사이에 담수와 염수의 전이대가 존재하였다. 수온은 5 m 심도까지는 10~15.5℃이었으나, 5 m 심도부터는 15.5℃에서 50 m 심도까지 17℃로 일정하게 증가하고 있었다. 담수 주입시험에서 총 62시간 동안 370 m³/day의 주입유량으로 약 950 m³의 담수가 주입되었으며, 주입공 OW-5의 40 m 심도에서 CTD Diver를 이용하여 담수체의 형성을 확인하였다. 주입 후 EC 및 온도 검층을 통해 주입된 담수체가 24시간 이상 유지되는 것을 확인하였고, 21일 경과 후 실시한 검층에서도 담수체의 존속이 확인되었다. 또한 OW-5공 주입시험보다 20일전에 실시된 1차 주입시험 주입공 OW-2에서도 아직 담수체의 영향이 남아있는 것으로 확인되었다. 그리고 OW-2와 5에 주입된 담수와 염수의 관계는 점이적이 아닌 뚜렷한 경계(Sharp Boundary)를 이루고 있었다. 따라서 주입된 담수가 염수 내에서 일정한 공간을 차지하며, 원상태의 수질을 상당기간 유지할 수 있다는 것을 파악하였다. 향후 인공함양 시설을 구축하여 장기적인 담수 주입을 통해 이 델타지역에 담수체를 형성시키는 실증연구를 수행한다면, 염수로 오염된 해안대수층을 대체수자원 확보의 공간으로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.67-82
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• 2005

Objectives : This study was conducted to find out the effect of Yukmijiwhangtanggamibang (YM) on growth, learning and memory of rats. Methods : It was divided SD rats into Sham group, 192 Saporin injection(SA+Saline) group and Injection of 192 Saporin with YM(SA+YM) group. Growth measure length of bone and tail. Memory performance was used aquisition test and learning retention of morris water maze. It was detected acetylcholinesterase(AChE), cholineacetyltransferase(ChAT) at medial septum and hippocampus by immunohistochemistry Results : Body Weight of the SA+YM Group increased effectively, as compared with SA Saline group. Growth of bone in the SA+YM Group increased effectively, as compared with SA+Saline group. Growth of Tail in the SA+YM Group increased effectively, as compared with SA_Saline group. The SA+YM Group in Aquisition Test improved effectively, as compared with SA+Saline group. The SA+YM Group in Learning Test improved effectively, as compared with SA+Saline group. The numbers of ChAT cells in Medial septum increased effectively, as compared with SA+Saline group. The numbers of ChAT cells in CA1 of Hippocampus increased, but was not effective. Conclusion : These results suggest that YM has an improving effect on the impaired learning through the effects on memory registration and retrieval.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.104-111
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• 2018

Objective:This study is to evaluate both the single-dose intravenous injection toxicity and the approximate lethal dose of Water-soluble Danggui Pharmacopuncture (WDP) in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Methods: Toxicity experiments were conducted at Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) laboratory in Biotoxtech Co., according to the regulations of GLP. WDP injection of dose 0.125, 0.25, and 0.5 mL/animal were experimental groups and normal saline injection group was control group. WDP and normal saline were injected once to 6- week old 5 male and 5 female SD rats at the tail veins at approximately 2 mL/min. During 14 days after the injection, general symptoms were observed and weight were measured. After the observation period, hematological and blood biochemical examination, macroscopic autopsy, topical resistance test at the injection area were performed. Results: RThe WDP 0.5 mL/animal injection group in 4 cases of male rats and all cases of female rats showed hematuria 30 minutes after the administration. However, after 1 hour, no more abnormal general symptoms were observed. The WDP did not affect weight, hematological and blood biochemical examination, macroscopic autopsy, and topical resistance test at the injection area. Conclusion: WDP single dose intravenous injection results showed that WDP have no toxic effects and a lethal dose of WDP should be over 0.5 mL/animal in male and female rats under the study condition. So WDP may be safe.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.334-340
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• 2020

Nypa fruticans Wurmb. (NF) has been used as a folk remedy to treat inflammatory diseases in Asia. In this study, we aimed to investigate the protective effect of NF water extract on cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis (AP). To measure the protective effects of NF on AP, AP was induced via intraperitoneal injection of cerulein (50 ㎍/kg) hourly for 6 h in mice. NF water extract (100, 250, or 500 mg/kg) or saline was administrated to intraperitoneal injection 1 h before the first injection of cerulein. The mice were sacrificed at 6 h after the final injection of the cerulein. Pancreas, and blood sample were taken for further analysis. Administration of NF water extract inhibited the pancreatic injury, the elevation of pancreatic weight/ body weight ratio, and the elevation of serum digestive enzymes such as amylase and lipase during cerulein-induced AP in mice. Also, pancreas MPO activity, which represents neutrophil infiltration, was inhibited by administration of NF water extract. Taken together, administration of NF water extract reduces the severity of cerulein-induced AP, which suggests a clinical basis that NF could be a potential agent to prevent AP.

• 약학회지
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• 제56권2호
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• pp.74-79
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• 2012

Citrate-capped silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are widely used in industry, consumer products and medical appliances. However, information on the toxicity, environmental fate and toxicokinetics are not enough. In this study, stability of citrate-capped AgNPs was investigated using different types of isotonic solution, which is important in the toxicokinetic study by the exposure route of intravenous injection. Size, morphology, zeta potential and ion formation were investigated in isotonic solutions for the physico-chemical characterization of AgNPs. Aggregation and precipitation of AgNPs were observed in saline or phosphate-buffered saline while they were stable without precipitation in 2% glycerol of isotonic solution. The average size of AgNPs in 2% glycerol was 6~10 nm, which was almost same as that in water-based suspension of AgNPs. Zeta potential was ranged from -30 mV to -60 mV, which was in the range of original stock AgNPs. The stability was maintained during the whole experimental period of 48 hours. Furthermore, the stability was not changed in different temperature (10~36$^{\circ}C$) and at different concentrations (10~1,000 ppm). The osmolarity of the AgNPs suspension was $299{\pm}1$ mOsm/kg which was in isotonic range. These data suggest that AgNPs in 2% glycerol solution can be used for the preparations of intravenous injection for toxicokinetic study without undesired disturbance of blood isotonicity.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2019년도 추계 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.241-242
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• 2019

This technology is a water leak repair technology using composite materials of concrete structures that block leakage of structures by injecting rapid microcement into the face of underground concrete to block water and injecting flexible glycidylacrylate. Rapid micro cement system repair materials are mixed with fine fibers to improve the flexural sensitivity of the material and to form a layer that blocks stabilized water at the back of the structure by allowing rapid and tight spatial filling during injection with high cohesion The glycidylacrylate repair material can control the expansion rate, and the external stress also has the characteristic that the form of the material is not destroyed or separated, which can also be applied to vibrating induced structures that produce repetitive fatigue loads, and has an effective durability in saline, alkali, acid (chloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid).

• 한국해안·해양공학회논문집
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.353-357
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• 2015

해수침투로 인하여 부존되어 있는 지하수의 염분농도가 높아 방치되고 있는 해안지역 대수층을 활용한 수자원 확보 방안을 제안하였다. 대수층으로 담수를 주입하여 염수를 치환할 수 있는 주입-양수 시스템을 연구하였다. 염수로 포화되어 있는 충적층에서 인공함양 및 회수 기술이 성공하기 위해서는 양수정으로 유입되는 염수를 방지하는 것이 가장 중요한 문제 중의 하나이다. 본 연구에서는 양수정을 염수 침투로부터 방지하기 위한 염수포획관정의 효과를 수치모델링 방법으로 분석하였다. 적절히 설계된 염수포획관정은 담수 양수정을 염수침입으로부터 보호할 수 있음을 제시하였다.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.371-379
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• 2010

연안지역 염수와 담수가 혼재하는 전이대에서 해수침투 피해개선을 목적으로 균열암반을 통한 담수주입시험을 수행하고 그 효과를 모니터링하였다. 담수주입은 절대적으로 그 지역의 지질학적, 수리학적 특성에 따라 좌우되며, 특히 파쇄대나 투수성 미고결 지층 등의 특성 파악이 중요하다. 연구 지역의 염담수 분포특성을 고려하여 두 개의 주요 연안 대수층인 충적층과 균열암반 구간을 통한 담수주입이 가능하도록 시추공을 설계 및 굴착하였으며, 균열암반 대수층 내 담수주입을 위하여 현장에서의 시험 준비, 이동, 조립 및 장비의 유지보수가 간단하도록 착탈식인 모듈화되어 있는 주입시스템을 제작하여 적용하였다. 시추공영상화검층을 통해 전체적인 균열의 특성을 파악하였고, 이를 바탕으로 주입공 및 관측공 간 투수성 파쇄대의 확인을 위한 구간별 담수주입 및 모니터링을 실시하여 담수주입 구간을 선정하였다. 담수주입시험 결과, 관측공의 일정 심도에서 담수가 유입되어 시간이 경과함에 따라 상부 구간의 전기전도도도 점진적으로 감소함을 보였으며, 담수주입 중단 및 패커를 해지한 후에도 유입된 심도에서 점진적으로 전기전도도값이 증가하기는 하지만 그 증가폭이 전체적으로 낮아 담수주입의 효과가 있음을 확인하였다. 또한 장기적으로 전기전도도값을 모니터링함으로써 담수주입의 효과가 수개월 후에도 지속됨을 확인하였으며, 이는 담수주입에 의해 일정 정도의 해수침투 피해에 대한 개선효과를 기대할 수 있음을 시사한다.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.42-48
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• 2015

Objectives: The aim of the study is to investigate both the single-dose intramuscular injection toxicity and the approximate lethal dose of water-soluble Carthami-flos and Cervi cornu parvum pharmacopuncture (WCFC) in male and female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Methods: The study was conducted at Biotoxtech Co. according to the Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) regulation and the toxicity test guidelines of the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS) after approval of the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. Dosages for the control, high dose, middle dose and low dose groups were 0.5 mL/animal of saline and 0.5, 0.25 and 0.125 mL/animal of WCFC, respectively. WCFC was injected into the muscle of the left femoral region by using a disposable syringe (1 mL, 26 gauge). The general symptoms and mortality were observed 30 minutes, 1, 2, 4, and 6 hours after the first injection and then daily for 14 days after the injection. The body weights of the SD rats were measured on the day of the injection (before injection) and on the third, seventh, and fourteenth days after the injection. Serum biochemical and hematologic tests, necropsy examinations, and histopathologic examinations at the injection site were performed after the observation period. Results: No deaths, abnormal clinical symptoms, or significant weight changes were observed in either male or female SD rats in the control or the test (0.125, 0.25, and 0.5 mL/animal) groups during the observation period. No significant differences in hematology and serum biochemistry and no macroscopic abnormalities at necropsy were found. No abnormal reactions at injection sites were noted on the topical tolerance tests. Conclusion: The results of this single-dose toxicity study show that WCFC is safe, its lethal doses in male and female SD rats being estimated to be higher than 0.5 mL/animal.