• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
• /
• v.12 no.3
• /
• pp.302-306
• /
• 2008

This study was performed to investigate the contact toxicity, fumigant toxicity, and synergistic effect using agricultural materials (AM) when mixed with selected essential oils against oak longicorn beetle, Moechotypa diphysis. Four kinds of AM, namely, chungkiller, ungsalta, jinap, purunjunsa showed 100% contact toxicity at one day after treatment. Subsequently, four AM was tested the fumigant toxicity during 24 hours. At concentration of 1 mL, jinap and chungkiller showed 100% mortality at 3 hr after treatment, prunjunsa and ungsalta showed 100% mortality at 6 hr after treatment. When applicate to the small vinyl bag (15 L), all AM (50 mL/15 L) was showed 100% mortality. Jinap showed the mortality 100% when mixed pennyroyal oil with the ratio of 5+1. It was higher than single treatment.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
• /
• v.27 no.5
• /
• pp.557-568
• /
• 2006

We present CCD UBVI photometry for more than 10,000 stars in $20'.5{\times}20'.5$ field of the halo globular cluster M30. From a color-magnitude diagram, main sequence turnoff was obtained when $V_{TO},\;(B-V)_{TO},\;and\;(V-I)_{TO}\;are\;8.63{\pm}0.05,\;0.44{\pm}0.05\;and\;0.63{\pm}0.05$, respectively. From a (U-B)-(B-V) diagram, reddening parameter, E(B-V) equals $0.05{\pm}0.01$ and a UV color excess ${\delta}(U-B)\;is\;0.27{\pm}0.01$. The abundance is derived, where [Fe/H] equals $-2.05{\pm}0.09$ according to the photometric method and spectroscopic data. The observed luminosity function of M30 shows an excess in the number of red giants relative to the number of turnoff stars, when comparing with the predictions of canonical models. Using the Hipparcos parallaxes for subdwarfs, we estimate distance modulus, $(m-M)_o\;as\;14.75{\pm}0.12$. Using the R and R' method, we find helium abundances, Y(R) as $0.23{\pm}0.02$, Y(R') as $0.29{\pm}0.02$, respectively. Finally, the cluster' sage dispersion was deduced from 10.71 Gyr to 17 Gyr.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.19 no.3
• /
• pp.390-396
• /
• 2009

In this study, extracts from S. officinalis were tested for antioxidative effects and inhibitory activities against $\alpha$-amylase, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and xanthine oxidase (XOase). The content of total phenolic compounds in water, 60% ethanol, 60% methanol and 60% acetone extracts were 36.2, 42.7, 40.3 and 39.6 mg/g, respectively. In 60% ethanol extracts, the EDA by DPPH free radical scavenging test of S. officinalis was $66.3{\pm}2.2%$ at $200{\mu}g/ml$. The inhibition rate of ABTS was $97.6{\pm}0.1%$, the antioxidant protection factor was $2.26{\pm}0.63$ PF, and TBARS was $0.62{\pm}0.05$ (${\times}100{\mu}M$ in the control and $0.29{\pm}0.02$ (${\times}100{\mu}M$). Also in 60% ethanol extracts of S. officinalis, the inhibitory activity against XOase was 78% and was not shown to be against ACE. According to the $12.6{\pm}0.14\;mm$ of clear zone formed, the inhibition rate against $\alpha$-Amylase was 7.6% at $200{\mu}g/ml$ of phenolics content. Antimicrobial activities of 60% ethanol extracts of S. officinalis against Helicobacter pylori exhibited an inhibition rate of $12.5{\sim}66.1%$ according to the $10{\sim}15\;mm$ of clear zone at $50{\sim}200{\mu}g/ml$. The results suggest that the 60% ethanol extracts from Salvia officinalis L. will be useful as natural antioxidants and functional food sources.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetic Resonance Society
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.99-109
• /
• 2001

Authors investigated neuronal changes of local cellular metabolism in the cerebral lesions of Parkinsonian symptomatic side between before and after stereotactic neurosurgery by follow-up 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) (n = 15) and age-matched normal controls (n = 15) underwen MRS examinations using a stimulated echo acquisition mode (STEAM) pulse sequence that provided 2${\times}$2${\times}$2 ㎤ (8ml) volume of interest in the regions of substantia nigra, thalamus, and lentiform nucleus. Spectral parameters were 20 ms TE, 2000 ms TR, 128 averages,2500 Hz spectral width, and 2048 data points. Raw data were processed by the SAGE data analysis package (GE Medical Systems). Peak areas of N-acetylaspartate (NAA), creatine (Cr), choline-containing compounds (Cho), inositols (Ins), and the sum (Glx) of glutamate and GABA were calculated by means of fitting the spectrum to a summation of Lorentzian curves using Marquardt algorithm. After blindly processed, we evaluated neuronal alterations of observable metabolite ratios between before and after stereotactic neurosurgery using Pearson product-moment analysis (SPSS, Ver. 6.0). A significant reduction of NAA/Cho ratio was observed in the cerebral lesion in substantia nigra of PD patient related to the symptomatic side after neurosurgery (P : 0.03). In thalamus, NAA/Cho ratio was also significantly decreased in the cerebral lesion including the electrode-surgical region (P : 0.03). A significant reduction of NAA/Cho ratio in lentiform nucleus was not oberved, but tended toward significant reduction after neurosurgery (P = 0.08). In particular, remarkable lactate signal was noted from the surgical thalamic lesions of 6 among 8 patients and internal segments of globus pallidus of 6 among 7 patients, respectively. Significant metabolic alterations of NAA/Cho ratio might reflect functional changes of neuropathological processes in the lesion of substantia nigra, thalamus, and lentiform nucleus, and could be a valuable finding fur evaluation of Parkinson's disease after neurosurgery. Increase of lactate signals, being remarkable in surgical lesions, could be consistent with a common consequence of neurosurgical necrosis. Thus, IH MRS could be a useful modality to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic implications fur Parkinsons disease after functional neurosurgery.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
• /
• v.46
• /
• pp.17-30
• /
• 1999

The purpose of this study is to investigate the philosophy behind the Kasaya and its evolution through its clothing material colour structure and sewing. According to the study the results were as follows. 1. The philosophy behind the dressing of the Kasaya can be found in the Therefore wearing the Kasaya symbolizes the Buddhist philosophy of Jat'ailshisongbul ("Simultaneous attaining of Buddhahood for Everyone") 2. The material symbolizes endurance and contentiment by being satisfied with any kind of clothes may they be good or bad. The material of the kasaya comes to signify the harmony among the monk's community 3. The Kasaya uses peculiar colours and the prohibits the use of the five primary and seconary colous. This is to symbolize equality wherein there is no distinction between the noble and the mean. 4. The structure of the Kasaya according the takes the form of a field The Jo is cut lengthwise and divided in nine grades following the Mahayana tradition as written in the This idea reflects the philosophy of salvation of the Pure land thought. The Je has many Jang('long') and fex Dan('short') The meaning of this is that all living beings by self-cultivation can overcome the dirty law of the secular world and follow the way of the sage who have attained their Buddha nature. 5. With respect to the sewing after finishin the sewing the Jang and the Dan are combined together representing the interdependence between the holy person and the common person. Therefore the sewing ssymbolizes the interconnection among all living beings as it arise from the "conditional causation" law. As I have shown above the philosophy behind of the Kasaya developed and was enriched as it cross over China from India to the Original Buddhist thought with which was created in India was added the richness of the Mahayana buddhist thought. As I have shown above the philosophy behind of the Kasaya developed and was enriched as it cross over China from India to the Original Buddhist thought with which was created in India was added the richness of the Nahayana Buddhist thought with which was created in India was added the richness of the Mahayana buddhist thought. As a result the Dasaya came to signify the "field image". The field-image symbolized by the kasaya came to signify the "heart-field" of all living beings. The "heart-field" by its cultivation is field with blessings. Therefore from the sanghati the Nine Grade the evolution and changes in the designs of the kasaya through the different periods of history became clearly an expression how it is possible for anybody to attend the Buddha nature. This changes also show how the Buddhist precepts became reformed from the original Buddhism.ecepts became reformed from the original Buddhism.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• v.29 no.4
• /
• pp.737-749
• /
• 1999

Recently many researches on plaque removal effect and therapeutic effect of toothpaste containing natural medicines are being studied in early periodontal diseases. The purpose of this study is to examine the clinical and microbiological effect of toothpaste containing natural medicines such as camomile, rhatany, myrrh，sage oil, glycyrrhetinic acid and vitamin E. Sixty three subjects with gingivitis were divided into an experimental group which performed normal oral hygiene procedure with toothpaste containing natural medicines and vitamine E and a control group which also performed normal oral hygiene procedure with Syrinmed? toothpaste without containing herbal extracts and vitamine E. At the baseline, 2 weeks, and 4 weeks, subjects were analyzed for clinical study and microbiological study. After 2 weeks and 4 weeks use of their respective toothpastes, statistically significant decreases of gingival index, plaque index, and bleeding index were shown in both the control and the experimental group. The degree of decrease was more significant in the experimental group than the control group. A statistically significant decrease of pocket depth, and gingival crevicular fluid were shown in both the control and lie experimental group. A statistically significant increase of cocci was shown in both the control and the experimental group, the degree of increase was more significant in the experimental group than control group. A statistically significant decrease ofnon-motile rods, and motile rods were shown in both the control and the experimental group, the degree of decrease was more significant in the experimental group than the control group. Spirochetes increased weakly in both the control and the experimental group but a statistic significance was not shown. A statistically significant decrease of anaerobic bacteria, aerobic bacteria, and black pigmented Bacteroides were shown in both the control and the experimental group. These results indicate that the use of toothpaste containing natural medicines is effective in the prevention and the treatment of periodontal diseases.

• Communications of Mathematical Education
• /
• v.30 no.4
• /
• pp.515-530
• /
• 2016

Recently an extensive study of the mathematicians who have overcome the visually impaired and contribute to the academic in math was published. In the case of Korea, we can find there are mathematicians who have overcome physical disabilities such as cerebral palsy and polio. However there is no example of blind person who majored mathematics to become a mathematic's teacher or professor and have entered any mathematics related professions. This let us to study the reasons that caused difficulties to visually impaired students majoring in mathematics. We also suggest ways that may help blind students to have access to mathematics intuitively. In this study, we propose a tactile mathematics textbooks and teaching manuals utilizing 3D printing which the visually impaired students can touch and feel. We can supply such materials to visually impaired youth, special education teachers and parents in Korea. As a result, visually impaired students will be able to access mathematics easily and can build their confidence in mathematics. We hope that some blind students with mathematical talent do not hesitate to major mathematics and choose career in mathematical professions.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.63 no.1
• /
• pp.111-116
• /
• 2020

Total polyphenol contents, flavonoid contents, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activities of ethanol extracts of 20 herbal plants (sage, turmeric, mace, bayleaf, fenugreek, oregano, blackpepper, whitepepper, clove, marjoram, cinnamon, coriander, basil, dillseed, mustard, cadamon, thyme, celery, rosemary, cumin) were analyzed for the screening of high flavonoid-containing plant resource. Thyme extract, showing the highest flavonoid content and a high degree of antioxidant activity, was selected as a bioactive cosmetic material. The total polyphenols and flavonoids contents of thyme extracts were measured as 6.90 mg chlorogenic acid equivalent (CAE)/100 g and 1.71 mg naringin equivalent (NE)/100 g, respectively, and DPPH radical scavenging activities was 90%. Among the tested organic solvents, hexane gave the highest extraction yield. Thus hexane was selected as the most suitable solvent for the extraction of thyme. Response surface method was used to obtain optimized extraction conditions for thyme: reaction temperature of 35.9 ℃, raw material to hexane ratio of 1.63:25 (w/v), and reaction time of 192 min. These predicted extraction conditions was validated by a total flavonoid extraction experiment showing a value equivalent to 96.3% of the predicted total flavonoid content. It is expected that the optimized solvent extraction conditions could be used for the production of flavonoid using thyme.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
• /
• v.30 no.8 s.114
• /
• pp.711-719
• /
• 2006

A series of geotechnical centrifuge model tests and numerical modelling have been performed to study engineering characteristics of the composite ground reinforced by both the Sand Compaction Piles(SCPs) and the deformation-reducing sheet piles. The research has covered several key issues such as the load-settlement relation, the stress concentration ratio and the final water content of the ground Totally three centrifuge tests have been conducted by changing configuration of the sheet piles, i.e., a test without the sheet pile, a test with the sheet pile at a single side and a test with the sheet piles at the both sides. In the model tests, a vertical load was applied in-flight on the ground surface. On the other hand, class-C type numerical modelling has been performed by using the SAGE-CRISP to compare the centrifuge test results using an elasto-plastic model for SCPs and the Modified Cam Clay model for the soft clay. It has been found that the sheet piles can restraint failure of foundation, thereby increasing yield stress of the ground. The stress concentration ratio was in the range of $2{\sim}4$. In addition, numerical analysis results showed reductions both in the ground heave($20{\sim}30%$) and in the horizontal movement($28{\sim}43%$), demonstrating the deformation-reducing effect of the sheet piles.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.35 no.1
• /
• pp.1-6
• /
• 2003

Chemical compositions of several herbs (rosemary, mint, thyme, sage, and lavender) cultivated in Korea were analyzed. Approximate compositions were as follows: moisture $69.92{\sim}82.10%$, crude ash $2.48{\sim}6.15%$, crude fat $0.40{\sim}2.46%$, crude protein $0.84{\sim}1.57%$, and crude fiber $2.48{\sim}6.15%$. Total contents of phenolics determined by Folin-Dennis's method were in the range of $73.24{\sim}197.79mg%$. Contents of minerals, Na, Ca, Mn, P, Mg, Zn, and Fe determined by ICP-AES were $43.0{\sim}112.5,\;177.5{\sim}304.0,\;0.5{\sim}1.5,\;74.0{\sim}218.5,\;57.0{\sim}116.0,\;1.0{\sim}2.0$ and $3.0{\sim}5.0mg%$, respectively. Free sugar contents determined by HPLC were: sucrose $0{\sim}7.61$, glucose $0.94{\sim}15.92$, and rhamnose $0.64{\sim}7.99mg%$. Fatty acids including palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, linolenic, and arachidonic acids were identified by GC. Linoleic and linolenic acid contents were higher than those of palmitic and stearic acids. Aroma components identified by GC-MS were 1,8-cineole, ${\alpha}-phellandrene,\;{\alpha}-terpinene,\;{\beta}-pinene,\;{\beta}-thujone$, borneol, butan-1-ol, cis-sabinene hydrate, ${\delta}-carene,\;{\gamma}-terpinene$, and verbenone.