• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.141-155
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to offer basic data to adolescents' cosmetic culture by investigating and analysing the choices made by female students who have been becoming principle consumers of cosmetics these days. Firstly, social and cultural backgrounds and concepts of N generation, and then characteristics and influencing powers of female students were reviewed. And this study also included questionnaire surveys of 500 female students in middle and high schools located in Seoul. Data were processed using a SPSS$^+$ program and analyzed by using frequency, percentage and the $X^2$-test. The major findings run as follows: Female students have the effects of spreading their words quickly and abilities of making a decision what to buy. And they accept consuming behaviors itself as a part of cultural lives. Therefore, industries have acknowledged them as new principal consumers with a powerful influence in the market. They also play an important role in active consumer as emotional generation who has distinct personalities and prefer fashion trends, changes and innovations. They show conformities with their peer groups and they also want to identify themselves with characters or stars. The cosmetic behaviors of female students relating to demographic characteristics showed a significant relation to grades, majors, school groups and places of residence. Female students have a lot of interest and knowledge about cosmetics. And they use various cosmetic products. This study demonstrated the age for using make-up for the first time has been becoming younger more and more. Recently, female adolescents tend to use face powder, lip gloss, mascara and eye shadow. It is assumed that cosmetic purchases of female students can be considered as an impulsive aspects. However, before purchases, the proportion of students having any particular cosmetic brand in mind previously has been increasing. They take into consideration skin safety, the quality of product and color, when purchasing cosmetic products.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.107-121
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to offer basic data to adolescents' cosmetic culture by investigating and analysing the choices made by female students who have been becoming principle consumers of cosmetics these days. Firstly, social and cultural backgrounds and concepts of N generation, and then characteristics and influencing powers of female students were reviewed. And this study also included questionnaire surveys of 500 female students in middle and high schools located in Seoul. Data were processed using a SPSS$^+$ program and analyzed by using frequency, percentage and the $X^2$-test. The major findings run as follows: Female students have the effects of spreading their words quickly and abilities of making a decision what to buy. And they accept consuming behaviors itself as a part of cultural lives. Therefore, industries have acknowledged them as new principal consumers with a powerful influence in the market. They also play an important role in active consumer as emotional generation who has distinct personalities and prefer fashion trends, changes and innovations. They show conformities with their peer groups and they also want to identify themselves with characters or stars. The cosmetic behaviors of female students relating to demographic characteristics showed a significant relation to grades, majors, school groups and places of residence. Female students have a lot of interest and knowledge about cosmetics. And they use various cosmetic products. This study demonstrated the age for using make-up for the first time has been becoming younger more and more. Recently, female adolescents tend to use face powder, lip gloss, mascara and eye shadow. It is assumed that cosmetic purchases of female students can be considered as an impulsive aspects. However, before purchases, the proportion of students having any particular cosmetic brand in mind previously has been increasing. They take into consideration skin safety, the quality of product and color, when purchasing cosmetic products.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.442-446
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• 2019

We recently reported the characteristics of Chrysanthemum boreale MAKINO essential oil (CBMEO) at different harvesting stages and its in vitro antioxidant, whitening, skin regeneration, and antiwrinkle properties. In the present study, we investigated the effectiveness of cosmetic creams containing 0.1% of CBMEO in terms of wrinkle reduction and safety. The participants were 22 women aged 42 to 60 y with natural wrinkles. All the participants applied the CBMEO-containing cream to the eye area for 8 weeks. Visual observations of the skin by a dermatologist were used to assess the safety of the product, and improvements in skin wrinkles (roughness) were analyzed using a skin visiometer. Neither the CBMEO-containing cream nor the placebo caused abnormal reactions, such as erythema or allergies, during the test period. The CBMEO-containing cream-exposed test regions showed a greater reduction in the roughness index as compared with those of the placebo-exposed control regions. The R1, R2, and R3 indices showed a statistically significant decrease in the test regions as compared with the placebo control regions after using the cream for 2 weeks (p<0.05). Therefore, this study demonstrated that CBMEO-containing cosmetics are safe for human use and that they have skin wrinkle improvement properties. In the future, CBMEO may be a promising product for use in the development of functional anti-wrinkle cosmetics.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.160-167
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• 2015

This study aims to develop a new analytical method to detect zinc pyrithione, the ingredient of cosmetics appointed as restricted ingredients and used as preservatives.. The analytical method was based on data gathered from the relevant literature. Information about the amounts of these ingredients was researched in order to select the base-matrix materials used to validate the analytical method. After selecting and preparing the base-matrix materials, the analytical method was validated by method validation procedures. The analytical method was verified first by inter-laboratory validation and then through analyzing the cosmetics sold in the market. Based on the results of this study, guidelines are proposed for the analysis of restricted ingredients in cosmetics, which will provide a method to test the cosmetics circulating in the Korean market. The use of the proposed guidelines will increase the quality of the cosmetics as well as the safety of human health, which will enhance the competitiveness of the Korean cosmetics industry and lead to an increase in the exportation of cosmetics.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.505-511
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• 2020

In this study, hot water and ethanol, acetone, and hexane extracts of the steamed Deodeok were investigated for use as raw materials for natural cosmetics. Hot water and ethanol, acetone and hexane extracts of steamed Deodeok did not indicate cell toxicity up to 300 ㎍/mL concentration in the MTT assay. The tyrosinase inhibition effects of the ethanol extract were higher than the ascorbic acid. The efficacy of the steamed Deodeok's ethanol extract on the elastase inhibition was similar to that of quercetin at higher concentrations. In conclusion, water, ethanol, acetone and hexane extracts of the steamed Deodeok indicated strong possibility as a whitening and anti-wrinkle functional cosmetic ingredient. Among them, the steamed Deodeok's ethanol extract, which showed excellent activity, is highly available because it has high safety compared to other organic solvent extraction methods used in cosmetics, and has minimal irritation to the skin.

• Proceedings of the KOSOMBE Conference
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• v.1997 no.05
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• pp.101-103
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• 1997

In-vivo and in-vitro MR Microscopy has been performed to investigate any differences in-between the normal and the abnormal skin layers. Noninvasively acquired images could provide the skin histology. Also, it was found that the epidermis of the abnormal skin was thickened more than that of normal skin. MR Microscopy utilized for the present study may be applicable to the noninvasive investigation of skin pathology and this technique may be of use in the development of cosmetics.

• Proceedings of the KOSOMBE Conference
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• v.1997 no.11
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• pp.299-302
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• 1997

In-vivo and in-vitro NMR Microscopy has been performed to investigate the histological and/or pathological difference between the normal and the abnormal skin layers. The acquired images in the present study were able to provide the information of both the relaxation changes and the histological changes due to skin abnormality. The present study is also intended to show the possibility of NMR Microscopy application to both the noninvasive investigation of skin pathology and the helpful use in the development of cosmetics.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.137-154
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• 2019

Triclosan (TCS) is an antimicrobial compound used in consumer products. The purpose of current study was to examine toxicology and risk assessment of TCS based on available data. Acute toxicities of oral, transdermal and inhalation routes were low, and phototoxicity and neurotoxicity were not observed. Topical treatment of TCS to animal caused mild irritation. TCS did not induce reproductive and developmental toxicity in rodents. In addition, genotoxicity was not considered based on in vitro and in vivo tests of TCS. It is not classified as a carcinogen in international authorities such as International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). No-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) was determined 12 mg/kg bw/day for TCS, based on haematoxicity and reduction of absolute and relative spleen weights in a 104-week oral toxicity study in rats. Percutaneous absorption rate was set as 14%, which was human skin absorption study reported by National Industrial Chemicals Notification and Assessment Scheme (NICNAS) (2009). The systemic exposure dosage (SED) of TCS has been derived by two scenarios depending on the cosmetics usage of Koreans. The first scenario is the combined use of representative cosmetics and oral care products. The second scenario is the combined use of rinse-off products of cleansing, deodorants, coloring products, and oral care products. SEDs have been calculated as 0.14337 mg/kg bw/day for the first scenario and 0.04733 mg/kg bw/day for the second scenario. As a result, margin of safety (MOS) for the first and second scenarios was estimated to 84 and 253.5, respectively. Based on these results, exposure of TCS contained in rinse-off products, deodorants, and coloring products would not pose a significant health risk when it is used up to 0.3%.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.9-23
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• 1997

Retinoids are essential regulators of spithelial cell growth and celluar differentiation. They are also known to be effective in photoaging. It was reported that topical application of retinoic acid improves facial wrinkle carsed by collagen synthesis reduction in photodamaged skin. Collagen synthesis by retinoic acid may contribute to the wrinkle effacement. Since celluar retinoic acid binding protein II is slsctively induced in human skin and dermal fibroblasts in vitro by retinoic acid, this response can be used to mesure retinoids potency and activity. In order to know the activity of retinoids and their relations with collagen synthesis, we treated dermal fibroblasts with retinoids for 48 hours at 10-6-10-7M and measured CRABPII mRNA level by quantitative Nortern blotting. We also measured the rate of collagen systhesis by retinoids using 3-dimensional dermal equivalent. CRABPII mRNA level was increased 3-fold by retinoic acid, 2.1-fold by retinol and 1.4-fold by retinaldehyde. Collagen systhesis was increased 34% by all-trans retinioc acid, 26% by retinol, 17% by retinaldehyde and 7% by retinyl palmitate. From the above results, retinoids were found to be a potent indecers of CRABPII mRNA and collagen synthesis. Though retinoic acid was the most effective, its use has been restricted because of the side effects. Instead, retinol can be a best candidate in cosmetics for the treatment of photodamaged skin in terms of efficacy and safety.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.321-330
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• 2022

This study attempted to establish an optimal multi-compound simultaneous analysis method that can secure reliable results for 15 - preservatives, 2 - sun screens and 1 - antioxidants of cosmetics using HPLC-PDA. Since the potential of hydrogen (pH) in the mobile phase affects the acid dissociation constant (pKa) of the preservatives, and the peak retention time shift and area change were observed. The peak separation condition was established by adjusting the pH to 0.1% H₃PO₄ addition (mL) when preparing the mobile phase. As a results of method validation, the linearity correlation coefficient (R²) of above 0.999 were obtained, and accuracy 87.9 ~ 101.1%, 0.1 ~ 7.6% precision for two types of cosmetics (cream and shampoo). It was found that the limit of detection (LOD) was 0.1 ~ 0.2 mg/kg and the limit of quantitation (LOQ) was 2.0 ~ 4.0 mg/kg. In addition, it was possible to simultaneously separate p-anisic acid, a natural compound that was difficult to separate in HPLC due to the small difference from methylparaben, a synthetic preservatives. Through this study, it will be effectively used to secure quality control and safety for compound that need restrictions on use cosmetics.