• 한국의료질향상학회지
• /
• 제21권2호
• /
• pp.58-72
• /
• 2015

Objectives: This study was conducted as descriptive correlation research in order to survey healthcare personnel(HCP)'s awareness of patient safety culture and their recognition of standard precautions, and to examine the correlation between the two factors. Methods: The subjects were 400 HCPs including 80 doctors, 240 nurses, and 80 medical technicians from two general hospitals. The questionnaire used in the survey consisted of 9 questions on general characteristics, 44 on the perception of patient safety culture, and 21 on the recognition of standard precautions. Results: According to the subjects' general characteristics, the score was significantly higher in those aged over 40 than in those aged 30-39. In addition, it was significantly higher in managers than in practitioners, in those with work experience of less than a year than in those with 5-9 years. The score was also significantly higher in those working 8 hours a day than in those working over 10 hour a day. The number of medical accident reports according to the subjects' general characteristics was significantly larger in nurses than in doctors, in managers than in practitioners, and in those with 10 years' or longer experiences than in those with less than a year. In the awareness of standard precautions according to the subjects' general characteristics, the score was significantly higher in female workers than in male workers, and in managers than in practitioners. As a whole, the subjects' awareness of patient safety culture and their recognition of standard precautions showed a significant correlation with each other. Conclusion: From the result of this study, sufficient work force and the promotion of organizational culture for safety is needed in order to guarantee patient safety. Likewise, these results suggest that experience, job skill, and adequate working hours have a positive effect on the awareness of patient safety culture and the recognition of standard precautions.

• 대한임상독성학회지
• /
• 제3권2호
• /
• pp.71-78
• /
• 2005

Purpose: The morbidity of pesticides are largely related with accidental ingestion in human. The four principal ideals of clarity, completeness, conformity and consistency of label are important to make a correct usage and prevent unnecessary health risk. The aim of this study is to evaluate the appropriateness of pesticides labelling practice in Korea. Methods: The photographic label images of pesticide products were gathered through visiting thirteen manufacturers that produce pesticide products in Korea. We scored labelling practice by guidelines of Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations in 1995. Results: From August 2005 to November 2005, we gathered 1,296 label images of pesticide and $58.3{\%}$ (755/1,296) of images were scored by check lists for reviewing label content. The average score of four check list categories was $71.9{\pm}2.2$. Each categorical score were $91.7{\pm}0.9$ for the information appearing on the label, $31.3{\pm}0.0$ for safety precaution, $77.7{\pm}2.0$ for instructions for use, $87.0{\pm}8.7$ for general configurations. In safety precaution, the sentence of keeping locked up the product and two mandatory safety pictograms were missed in all label images. In general configurations category, there was score difference in product package types between bottle and bag container ($85.1{\pm}9.0$ vs. $90.3{\pm}7.2$, p < 0.01). Conclusion: Although there was no comparable previous data, the score of safety precaution was lowest than other categories because the two mandatory safety pictograms and locked up warning sentence were missed. In general configurations, the colour contrast was more inappropriate in the labels on bottle than bag container.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
• /
• 제11권2호
• /
• pp.179-189
• /
• 2005

The purpose of the study was to investigate the relationships between dietitian’s job satisfaction and perception of barriers to HACCP implementation and food safety/sanitation management performance in school food service. An e-mail survey was conducted to 144 dietitians in Gyeongbuk Province. A response rate was 57.6%(N=83) and data were analyzed using SPSS Windows(ver. 10.0). Dietitians were more satisfied with ‘supervision’ and 'co-workers' than 'pay' and 'promotion.' Dietitians perceived 'lack of teachers' support on student education' and ‘limited availability of facilities/equipment' as the biggest challenges in implementing a HACCP system. A total score of sanitation/safety management performance evaluated by school districts was 92 out of 100. By category, 'safety management' and 'personal hygiene' were rated the highest whereas 'facilities/equipment' and 'HACCP system' categories were rated the lowest. The food sanitation/safety management performance scores were not correlated to dietitian’s job satisfaction, but significantly correlated to dietitian’s perceptions of barriers to HACCP implementation. As dietitians perceived facilities/equipment-related barriers greater, the scores of 'facilities/equipment(p<.01),' 'production process(p<.05),' and 'total score(p<.01)' were significantly lower. The findings suggest that more investment on facilities/equipment are needed for food safety improvement and successful HACCP implementation in school food service. Proper facilities and equipment will make employees monitor CCPs and take corrective actions more easily.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
• /
• 제11권2호
• /
• pp.258-262
• /
• 1998

Background: In view of the safety and effectiveness of butorphanol as a postoperative analgesic, we designed to compare its activity and side effects with those of ketoprofen, when administered intramuscularly. Methods: Ninety four patients, scheduled for elective total abdominal hysterectomy, received either ketoprofen 100 mg (ketoprofen group) or butorphanol 2 mg (butorphanol group) intramuscularly after surgery. For the first six hours after injection of butorphanol or ketoprofen, the patients were asked to reevaluate the intensity of pain, using numeric rating scale (NRS) and pain score. If the pain score was above 2, supplemental ketoprofen was administered IM. Incidence of side effects were also checked. Results: Butorphanol group showed lower NRS and pain score for the first four hours compared to ketoprofen group, but the incidence of drowsiness was higher in butorphanol group. There were no significant difference in the incidence of other side effects such as nausea and dizziness. In both group, there were neither respiratory depression nor pruritus. Conclusions: Butorphanol gave better relief of postoperative pain compared to ketoprofen. Butorphanol might be a useful drug for postoperative analgesia after hysterectomy with minor side effects.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
• /
• 제35권3호
• /
• pp.37-55
• /
• 2022

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the efficacy and safety of acupuncture on postpartum urinary incontinence. Methods: 'postpartum urinary incontinence', 'postnatal urinary incontinence', 'acupuncture' were searched on 4 online databases (Cochrane Library, Pubmed, CNKI, OASIS). Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that used acupuncture on postpartum urinary incontinence were included. The methodological quality of each RCT was assessed by using Cochrane risk of bias tool. Results: 12 RCTs were finally selected. The overall risk of bias was evaluated as uncertain. 11 studies showed that combined treatment group was better than control group in effective rate and/or ICIQ-SF total score, but among those 1 study was not statistically significant in ICIQ-SF total score. In the comparison of alone treatment group and control group, 1 study showed favorable effect in ICIQ-SF total score, but 1 study was not significant in effective rate. Conclusions: Treatment that include acupuncture can effect on postpartum urinary incontinence. but considering quality of studies, inconsistent and insufficient evidence, further well-designed studies are needed to confirm the efficacy and safety of this treatment.

• 동서간호학연구지
• /
• 제13권2호
• /
• pp.130-137
• /
• 2007

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the safety perception and behaviors of mothers with school age children. Method: The subjects were 265 mothers of third graders in one elementary school located in metropolitan Seoul area. Framingham safety survey were used to guide the development of a self administered questionnaire for mothers. The questionnaire were sent home at school and the children returned them to their class teachers. Results: Among 265 mothers, 62 mothers (23.4%) had experience of visiting hospitals because of accidents and 201 mothers (75.8%) had no opportunities on safety education. Mothers with education higher than high school graduation showed more safety behaviors. Also, mothers having the experience of safety education showed higher scores on safety behaviors and mothers with the experience of hospital visits related to accidents showed low scores on safety behaviors. In the practice of safety behaviors, it showed high score to the traffic safety, followed by the home safety, child supervision, the safety from fire and explosion, the safety from electric devices, the safety from burn, and the safety from medicines. Conclusion: Mothers' overall practice on safety were poor. Based on these results, it is necessary to provide more safety education for mothers with school age children.

• 자동차안전학회지
• /
• 제3권2호
• /
• pp.22-27
• /
• 2011

The side impact test in the Korean New Car Assessment program (KNCAP) has been conducted since 2003. The side impact test method has been contributed to the improvement of the vehicle side structure and the enhancement of the occupant protection performance for the domestic vehicles. The pole side impact test method introduced in the KNCAP in 2010 to enhance the head protection under the severe side crash environment. The pole side impact test is optional for the additional score to be added to the overall rating score. The test results of side and pole side impact test for five vehicles were introduced and compared.

• 응용통계연구
• /
• 제27권7호
• /
• pp.1197-1205
• /
• 2014

일반적으로 약제 용량 결정 연구는 대조군과 여러 용량 수준을 비교하여 유효성과 안전성을 동시에 만족하는 약물의 치료 범위(therapeutic window)를 찾아내는 데에 관심이 있다. 이 논문에서는 안전성과 유효성을 동시에 만족하는 용량 결정을 위하여 선형 위치(linear placement)에 점수함수(score function)를 이용한 비모수적 검정법을 제안하였다. 또한 Monte Carlo 모의실험을 통하여 기존의 모수적 방법들과 검정력(power)과 FWE(family-wise error rate)를 비교하였다.

• 한국안전학회지
• /
• 제12권4호
• /
• pp.153-160
• /
• 1997

The purpose of this paper is to present design recommendations intended to reduce the risk of cumulative trauma disorders(CTD) at the Osram Slvania, Inc. The CTD risk index score is a method which quantifies the risk factors to CTD incidence, namely extreme postures, high force elements, frequent damaging hand motions, and other miscellaneous factors. The risk index score quantified the jobs as a single composite value by weighting the scores for each risk factor. Jobs were prioritized for capital outlays in workstation redesign, and the factors of highest risk within each job could be identified. Three jobs which presented the greatest risk of CTD incidence were redesigned ergonomically.

• 한국안전학회지
• /
• 제12권1호
• /
• pp.113-121
• /
• 1997

Human reliability attempts to make precise quantitative analyses and predictions of the performance of human-machine(or product) systems. In order to yield more precise human error analysis, precise human error probabilities(HEPs) must be used in the analysis. However, because human behavior is influenced by factors that are called performance shaping factors(PSFs), the effects of PSFs must be considered to obtain precise HEPs, These are called basic HEPs or situation-specific HEPs. This paper presents a theoretical method for obtaining basic HEPs (i.e. , considering PSFs) in quantitative human error analysis. In this method, the weight which characterizes the degree of importance of several PSFs is obtained by the analytic hierarchy process. The quality scores of PSFs in the task situation are obtained by percentile concept. These scores are used in conjunction with the relative Importance weights of PSFs to compute the composite quality percentile score of PSFs in the task situation. Then, a new mapping method of the composite quality percentile score of PSFs into a situation-specific basic HEP is proposed with a numerical example.