• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.88-95
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• 2007

Korea is highly dependent on foreign countries for energy while at the same time having a high energy-consumption industrial structure. Therefore, logical improvements in energy use efficiency and nationwide energy saving are becoming more and more important in coping with the worldwidehigh oil prices and environmental issues such as listed in the Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Consequently, a study was conducted on the average annual load factor in domestic areas to set a reasonable and reliable technology standard plan for high-efficiency transformers. The average annual load factor in Korea was discovered to be 18.4[%] classified by industry. This factor is expected to be used in arranging a domestic standard for a minimum efficiency system for transformers, and in reviewing and supplementing the standard transformers plan for the High Energy-Efficiency Appliance Certification. The expected effect from the establishment of the technology standards plan for highly efficient transformers is the expansion of the manufacturing and distribution of highly efficient transformers that are suitable for domestic use. These will lead to electricity cost savings for users, strengthening the related industries' market competitive powers and the effective reduction of greenhouse gases on a national level by drastically reducing loss from transformers, which accounts for a large portion of the total electric supply losses.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.23-29
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to reduce the probability of occurrence of electric fires as a preemptive preventive measure, and to strengthen the capability of preventing electric fires by strengthening the cooperative function between electric fire-related departments and establishing a cooperative system. In this study, the general aspects of electric fires were identified by reviewing the literature such as ignition mechanisms of electric fires. And the major electrical fires that occurred in the last 10 years were classified into ignition factors (short circuit, overload/overcurrent, and earth leakage/ground fault) and ignition sources (wiring/wiring appliances, electrical equipment/household appliances). And the 4M technique was used to analyze the potential causes of ignition at the fire site and to suggest preventive measures. In the case In this study, out of 48 electrical fires in the past 10 years, 16 short-circuit fires, 3 overload/overcurrent fires, 3 short-circuit and earth fault fires, 16 fires in wiring/wiring appliances, and 10 fires in electrical equipment/home appliances classified as cases. And prevention measures were presented in terms of human, machine, media, and management by using the 4M technique. For the preemptive prevention of electric fires, strengthening the compulsory electrical safety inspection and making it mandatory to report when new or expanding electric facilities, charging a fee for electric safety inspection for detached houses and granting benefits subject to inspection completion, improvement of the electric safety voluntary inspection table and safety indications; It was suggested as a policy to organize and operate electrical safety inspection personnel in a two-person team (mixed), establish a close work cooperation system with related organizations, and strengthen electrical safety education and publicity.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.77-82
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• 2016

Purpose: Almost every research carried out in our country against the natural disaster is focused on the temporary facilities such as temporary housing, emergency shelter and as a result, it is very hard to find out researches on the ordinary houses which installed integrated systems of hazard-resistant against the natural disaster. Method: To conduct this research, categorizing process for design, structural, environmental and installation elements found in the Hazard-Resistant and Reduction House built for sale in Japan was performed. Result: In this study, several design concepts and subordinate items are recommended for hazard-resistant housing. First, design concept of 'Preparedness' which means security and access to the storage storing goods especially food & beverage for the emergencies is needed. The subordinate items consist of security of stocking space, diversified and circular storage system, and safety storage system. Second, design concept of 'Security' which means security of physical safety space and rapid recovery to returning to daily life against natural disaster is needed. The subordinate items consist of many items including not only structure and facilities but also architectural design method. And finally, design concept of 'Maintenance, Support and Return' which means minimizing the physical and psychological damages and support safety and physical conditions of the victims from the impact of the disaster to returning to daily life is needed. The subordinate items consist of high efficiency insulation/airtightness design, microclimate design, combination of photovoltaic system and storage battery, non-power appliance system against the power failure, storing system for drinking water, rainwater storing and utilization system.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.89-94
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• 2016

The number of camping population and sites are rapidly increasing with to the expansion of camping culture and the advancement of leisure culture. It is necessary to develop an effective strategy of safety management, as a lot of accidents occur due to the increase of population and sites for camping. Particular attention needs to be paid for accident prevention in the increasing accidents of explosion awing to the overheating of bytane gas, and carbon monoxide poisoning due to the use of non-ventilated areas. In this study, the direction of safety management strategy is analyzed by a survey and analysis of risk factors in campsite about gas facilities and gas appliances in camp site. Accordingly, some directions are suggested. Conclusively, it is expected that the results of this study could help to improve efficiency management for camping.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.8-12
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• 2014

The aim of this study is achieving customer satisfaction by finding cost-effective installation of storage tanks in the gas filling stations. Pros and cons were measured by comparison between above and underground tanks using Pugh methods. In particular, severe problems regarding gas safety are expected to be resolved by reducing the frequency of gas accidents occurred in mass storage facilities. To this end, we have used Pugh's method to compare the advantages and disadvantages of the existing storage tanks-Ground above type and underground type. After the analyses, it is shown that underground containment storage tank can provide the highest degree of safety and Real estate among Ground above type, Underground buried type and underground containment type storage tanks.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.385-394
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• 2017

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate how to design effective virtual reality-based training (i.e., virtual training) in maritime safety and to present methods for enhancing interface fidelity by employing immersive interaction and 3D user interface (UI) design. Background: Emerging virtual reality technologies and hardware enable to provide immersive experiences to individuals. There is also a theory that the improvement of fidelity can improve the training efficiency. Such a sense of immersion can be utilized as an element for realizing effective training in the virtual space. Method: As an immersive interaction, we implemented gesture-based interaction using leap motion and Myo armband type sensors. Hand gestures captured from both sensors are used to interact with the virtual appliance in the scenario. The proposed 3D UI design is employed to visualize appropriate information for tasks in training. Results: A usability study to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method has been carried out. As a result, the usability test of satisfaction, intuitiveness of UI, ease of procedure learning, and equipment understanding showed that virtual training-based exercise was superior to existing training. These improvements were also independent of the type of input devices for virtual training. Conclusion: We have shown through experiments that the proposed interaction design results are more efficient interactions than the existing training method. The improvement of interface fidelity through intuitive and immediate feedback on the input device and the training information improve user satisfaction with the system, as well as training efficiency. Application: Design methods for an effective virtual training system can be applied to other areas by which trainees are required to do sophisticated job with their hands.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.25-31
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• 2016

This paper has analyzed the structure, applicable regulations and the resistance characteristics of insulation ring type of CSST (Corrugated Stainless Steel Tubing for Gas). With the flammability test conducted in accordance with KS C IEC 60811-1-1, the evaluation of insulation resistance, temperature characteristics, and reliability has been conducted. An insulation ring type CSST consists of protective coating, tube, nut, insulation ring, packing, socket, and ball valve. Connecting an insulation ring type CSST to gas tubings for gas appliance is not permitted, moreover, the product shall be installed inside a sleeve pipe in case of buried installation such as the ceiling. Damages on protective coating and tube were detected when fire was applied to the test sample with a portable torch for 60 seconds. The insulation resistance of a normal product was $49.59M{\Omega}$, while that of the product completed the flammability test reduced to $9.21M{\Omega}$. The mean insulation resistance within the confidence Interval of 95% using the mini tap program 17 was $49.59M{\Omega}$ and the mean insulation resistance within the confidence interval reduced to $9.21M{\Omega}$. In the normal distribution analysis of 95% confidence interval, the value-P of the normal product was stable at 0.075 and AD(Anderson-Darling) statistic value was turned out to be 0.063, which is very normal, and the standard deviation was analyzed as 0.2586. The value P of the product completed the flammability test resulted in 0.005, the AD was 1.355 and the standard deviation reduced to 0.07908.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.439-444
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• 2011

To determine the test gases for gas appliances of new gas group, the interrelation between gas interchangeability, including thermal efficiency, of 13A gas appliances and present 13A test gases was experimentally investigated. The test results show that the Wobbe indices in the case of incomplete combustion and the flame lifting limit gas for the new gas group are respectively 2% higher than the upper limit and 1% lower than the lower limit of the Wobbe index range. The most suitable composition of R gas is 96 mol% of methane and 4 mol% of propane; LNG could be also used as R gas. Further, analysis results showed that the hydrogen concentration of flash back limit gas could be lowered from 30 vol% to 23 vol%.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.114-120
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• 2021

Furniture is an essential element in the area of human residence, and the necessity of system furniture suitable for the pursuit of unity in design, which clearly distinguishes the various and flexible arrangements and characteristics of space, is gradually expanding. The elderly population in Korea currently exceeds 15%, and is expected to be close to 40% by 2050. An increasing number of elderly generations are showing different behavioral patterns, such as sharing information, health care, and seeking independence from children. In order to maintain an independent daily life, a stable living environment has become essential, but as a result of a study that safety accidents caused by households increase due to a decrease in cognitive ability and physical ability, the need for a suitable household has increased. Therefore, the biological changes and characteristics of the elderly were investigated, and the concept definition, scope and limitations of system households were studied. In addition, by grasping the changes in the home appliance market and trends in the home appliance market, the design direction of system furniture required by the elderly was presented.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.25 no.9
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• pp.75-79
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• 2011

The MOV(Metal Oxide Varistor), a voltage limiting element, has been installed in the SPD(Surge Protective Device) or inside the internal circuit of an electronic appliance for protection of the electric power system and electronic device against electrical surge. Such an MOV is exposed, however, to the risk of the thermal runaway resulting from excessive voltage and deterioration. In this paper, a reciprocal action has been tested and analyzed using a phosphorus bronze switching module and the low-temperature solder. And a short current break characteristic test linked with the circuit breaker has been performed to limit the inrush current when the MOV breaks down. It has been proven that the phosphorus bronze switching module installed inside the internal circuit can improve the safety of the power line system and the electronic device.