• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.559-569
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• 2022

Due to the spread of mobile devices, the use of mobile electronic notification services is increasing. For the mobile electronic notification service, the connecting information is required to identify the owner of the mobile device and the recipient of the notification. The connecting information is an online resident registration number, and safe management is essential. Therefore, in this paper, the processing flow, interconnecting standard, and management plan are proposed when a mobile electronic notification requesting agency requests the identity verification agency to convert the resident registration number of the recipient of the electronic notification to connecting information. In the proposed method, it is suggested that a safe mobile electronic notification service is possible by defining the process of collective conversion of connecting information between private organizations and personal identity proofing agency, information transmission and reception methods, and interworking standards.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.60-71
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• 2000

This research is a field investigation to collect basic information about the safe and efficient use of physical restraint in hospitals and for the ultimate minimization of restraint use. The objects of this study were sixty-four patients. They were restrained physically. Add their 32 family members, 24 nurses of two university hospitals in Seoul were also involved in the study. From April 16, to May 27, 1999. Research data were collected throughout the observation and interview process. Also, the data was analyzed using frequencies and field study notes that were invented by researchers. Results of this study were as follows: 1. According to the sex and age distinction; male's restraint use was 75%, female's was 25% and pre-schoolage children 39.1%, middle age 26.5%, and senior citizens 20.3%. According to the disease distinction; neuro-system was 35.9%, respiratory system was 21.9%. In the Ward, 40.6% of ICU patients were restrained and 39.0% of pediatric ward children were also to restraint. 70.3% of patients were restrained under 5days, while 10.9% were restrained 10days. 2. Types of physical restraints were wrist restraint (45.21%), arm board (35.62%), leg restraint (8.22%), chest restraint (6.85%), elbow restraint (2.74%) and mitten restraint (1.37%). 3. The percentage was 3.5%, which was in 64 restrained out of 1828 hospitalized people. At 1st investigation, the ratio was 3.5%, the 2nd was 3.0% and the 3rd was 3.9%. 4. The reasons of using the physical restraint were 'to protect implements' (72.84%), 'to protect patients' (18.52%), 'to protect an operative site' (8.64%). 5. The result of the patients; family and nurses' response analysis was: 'It seems to be safe', 'It uses properly', 'It is convenient for relatives and nurses', 'It is helpful to treatment', 'Objective think it is not restraint' were 79.9%. 'It is discomfort and stuffy', 'The implement is ineffective' were 21.1%. However in interview of the patients who can do verbally communication, 6 of 7 was responded that 'It is stuffy and uncomfortable'. 6. When restraint is used, the main decision is usually made by the nurses 42.2% of the time. The statistics read as thus: nurses and the physician in charge 31.3%, nurses and family 12.5%, physician's order 7.8%, only family 6.2%. Although the record of restraint was only 15.6% so that only 10 cases out of all the 26 ICU patients restrained. This study shows that physical restraints which of infringe independent-right of patients, are used without using criterion, explaining the agreement. Also, subjective decision of physician, nurses, and family make the decision of using restraint. So development of practice manuals and rules for restraint implementation is urgent.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.1891-1896
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• 2010

This study aims at illuminating the state of car seat use and relevant factors and providing basic data to enhance the consciousness of children's safety with the target group of parents who have 5~6 year old kindergarten pupils in a specific city. The target group to study is 189 fathers and mothers who have 5~6 year old kindergarten pupils in five different kindergartens in a city. Structured questionnaires are used and the major research results are the followings: The use rate of children's car seat is the higher in the lower age (p=0.128), boys (p=0.474), mothers below the age of 30s(p=0.294). The use of children's car seat is significant in the mothers who graduated high school or lower (p=0.009), and fathers(p=0.010) who are working in offices or service occupations. The study on the recognition rate of the free lease of children's car seat conducted by Korea Children Safety Foundation shows parents who earned 3 million won or lower per month(p=0.009) significantly, and the major significant factors affecting the use of children's car seat are existence or nonexistence of car seat education and kinds of parent's occupation.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.12-26
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• 2013

In concert with the development of new materials in the last decade, the need for toxicological studies of these materials has been increasing. These new materials include a group of rare earths (RE). The use of RE nanotechnology is being considered in some green applications, to increase their efficiency by using nano-sized RE compounds, and therefore hazard evaluation and risk assessment are highly recommended. This review was conducted through an extensive contemplation of the literatures in toxicology with in vitro and in vivo studies. Major aspects reviewed were the toxicological evaluations of these elements and metallic compounds at the molecular and cellular level, animal and human epidemiological studies and environmental and occupational health impacts on workers. We also discuss the future prospect of industries with appliances using RE together with the significance of preventive efforts for workers' health. To establish a safe and healthy working environment for RE industries, the use of biomarkers is increasing to provide sustainable measure, due to demand for information about the health risks from unfavorable exposures. Given the recent toxicological results on the exposure of cells, animals and workers to RE compounds, it is important to review the toxicological studies to improve the current understanding of the RE compounds in the field of occupational health. This will help to establish a sustainable, safe and healthy working environment for RE industries.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.30 no.5_6
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• pp.587-597
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• 2003

The C language is widely adopted for safety-critical systems. However, it is known that the C language is an unsuitable choice for safety-critical system since the C language includes several bad language features such as heavy use of pointers. The aim of this work is to define safe subset of the C language and translate the subset into the SPARK Ada so that we can verify the program's safety using SPARK analysis tools. SPARK is a safe subset of Ada and has been successfully applied to high integrity system development. The C program translated into SPARK has the same integrity level as SPARK, and the program correctness can be verified by using Examiner which is a SPARK analysis tool. An elevator controller case study is presented and is used to demonstrate the potential use of our approach to implement a realistic system. We also developed a translator that automatically translates C code into SPARK in accordance with the translation rules.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.17
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• pp.329-333
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• 2001

Apoptosis is the normal physiological process of cell death essential for the maintenance of homeostasis. The function of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and adenine diphosphate (ADP) ribosylation (transfer of ADP-ribose to proteins) reactions in modifying apoptosis have recently been of great interest. Recently. CD38. a type 2 transmembrane glycoprotein expressed in hematopoietic and non hematopoietic cell lines. has been reported to possess NAD glycohydrolase activity (Han. 1999) and PC-1 and CD38 NADase regulates T cells by inhibition of phosphodiesterase/pyrophosphatase activity of PC-1 by its association with glycosaminoglycan (Hozada et al., 1999). Sindhuphak et al. (2000) has reported that cervical cancer cells can be differentiated from normal cells by using FTIR (Fourier-Transformed Infrared) technique. which has characterized shifts to be due to the phosphodiester bond in nucleic acid. protein amide I&II. carbohydrate and glycogen bands. Mechanisms how phosphodiester bond shift in cervical cancer cells as compared to control cells remain to be elucidated. Suramana et al. (2000) as well as Lohitnavy and Sinhaseni (1998) have studied methomyl and colchicine effects in rat splenocytes. Lactate Dehydroge-nase Isozymes 3 (LDH3) and LDH4 were observed to increase transiently and subsided in plasma of rats exposed to 6~8 mg/kg methomyl after 48 hours. Phosphodiester bond shift of nucleic acid. detected by FTIR. was also reported (Suramana et al., 2000). We report here, after analysis of bond shift patterns. a similar bond shifts detected by FTIR spectrum observed in human cervical cells and splenocytes of rats exposed orally to 2~8 mg/kg methomyl as well as rats exposed to colchicine 2~6 mg/kg orally.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.8
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• pp.183-193
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• 2017

Digital accredited certificates issued under the Digital Signature Act provide essential functionalities for online service, so certificates are used for various services such as online banking, e-government. However, certificates can be stolen by hackers and users need to install separate software to use certificates. Recently FIDO, which aims to solve the problems of password-based authentication and the lack of interoperability between authentication methods, is used for biometric authentication and TrustZone, hardware-based secure environment, is used for safe smartphone usage. In this paper, the new service method is suggested which uses FIDO-based biometric authentication and stores certificates in TrustZone. This method can not only improve security and convenience but also be easily applied to the service because it uses built-in functionalities of new smartphones such as biometric sensors and TrustZone. It is expected that people can use certificates in a safe and convenient way with this method.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.219-228
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• 2014

Objectives: This paper was aimed to investigate the adhesion control standards of pain relieving patch (PRP) drugs and to survey it's adverse effects on the skin of patients for safe use of PRP drugs. Methods: In this study, the related documents of PRP drugs of Korea pharmacopoeia (KP), United States pharmacopoeia (USP), Japanese Pharmacopoeia (JP), European pharmacopoeia (EP), and information web sites of the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS) were surveyed. Also, the past and current labeling of PRP drugs marketed in the pharmacy was investigated and compared. Results: In KP and JP, the lower limit standard for PRP's adhesion control is established, but the upper limit standard is not designated. In USP and EP, neither the lower nor upper limit standard is established. The main reasons of skin adverse effects are considered as inherent adverse reactions of the applied drugs for PRP. Another reason is involved in patient's medication mistakes related to PRP's adhesion control, respiratory depression of skin according to physical skin closure, and microbial growth, etc. Conclusion: For safe use of PRP drugs, we proposed ensured guidelines like additional instructions of pharmacist's prescription and detailed labeling systems for usage of PRP drugs applied on skin.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.845-852
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• 2018

This study has developed a preventive launcher from smartphone addiction for the digital generation and the contents recommendation based on machine learning which used multiple and collective intelligence. This could provide convenient digital nurturing experience for the parents who fear their children's over use of digital devices and also suggest individually adaptive digital learning methods that enhance the learning efficiency and pleasurable and safe learning environment for the children. Suggested application is a kind of gamification launcher that protects children from harmful contents and from smartphone addiction with time limit settings. For parents who find difficulty choosing from various kinds of contents and applications for education, this suggested system could provide a learning analytic report based on big data after collecting and analyzing the data of their children's learning and activities and recommend contents necessary for their kids using recommended algorithm by collective intelligence.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.194-204
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• 2020

This study investigated and analyzed the Korean and international status of radioactive waste management for medical linear accelerators (linacs) and proceed prior research to suggest radiation safety regulations and guidelines for the safe use of radiation. We analyzed the number of linacs installed in the radiation oncology departments of 103 institutions. In addition, we analyzed the procedures and standards for disposal in Korea and foreign countries. For foreign countries, we analyzed the status based on reports from the United States, Japan, Europe, and Canada. A total of 182 linacs are installed in Korea and 95% of them use more than 10 MV of energy. In Korea, standards for managing radioactive waste from a linac, disposal procedures, and clearance criteria have yet to be established. Therefore, radioactive waste is disposed of in different ways depending on the hospitals where they originate. Japan, the US, and Canada have recommended clearance levels and procedures for linacs. Other countries have provided management guidelines for research or large-scale accelerators, but not for medical purposes. In this study, we investigated the management of radioactive waste from medical linacs in Korea and abroad. Several foreign countries have suggested a clearance level and criteria for disposing of waste storage drums. For the safe management of medical linacs, it is necessary to establish safety management regulations. In Korea, standards for disposal, such as radiation or dose limits, are required for medical linacs. A system for clearance when disposing at a medical institution should be created.