• Geotechnical Engineering
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.51-64
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• 1991

The reliable estimation of pile bearing capacity is essential for the improvement of the re- liability and the cost-effectiveness of the design. There have been numerous pile bearing capacity prediction methods proposed up to now, however, execpt for the estimation made from the result of the pile loading test, not one method is appropriate for the reliable prediction. Due to the considerable time and expenses required to carry out the pile loading test, the test has seldom been utilized. The development of Simple Pile Loading Test(SPLT) which utilizes the pile skin friction as the required reaction force to cause the pile tip settlement, provides a solution to perform more pile loading tests and consequently a more economical pile design is possible. The separate measurement of skin friction and tip resistance during the course of performing SPLT provides a better understanding of the pile behavior than the result of the conventional pile loading test where only the total resistance is measured. On the other hand, there are some points to be clarified in order to apply the test results of SPLT to practical problem. They are the direction of the applied load to mobilize the skin friction and the use of reduced sized sliding core. In this research, both the SPLT and the conventional pile loading test on 406mm diameter steel pipe pile have been performed. From the result, it would be safe to use the measured SPLT skin friction value directly in the design, since the value is somewhat lower than the value measured in the conventional test. It is further assumed that the tip resistance value of the reduced sized sliding core should properly be analysed by taking the incluonce of scale effect into consideration.

• The Journal of Korea Assosiation for Disability and Oral Health
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.80-85
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• 2017

Angelman syndrome is a rare disorder caused by deletion or inactivation of genes on the maternally inherited chromosome 15. This neurodevelopmental disorder is characterized by developmental and intellectual delay, speech impairment, sleep disturbance, seizures, motor dysfunction, and frequent laughing or smiling. Orofacial characteristics include a prominent mandible, large mouth, prominent cheeks, a tendency to rest the tongue between the dental arches, excessive drooling, and excessive chewing behavior. Patients with this syndrome usually require general anesthesia even in a simple operation, because of risk of perioperative seizure during dental procedure. This is a case report about dental treatment of a 3-year-old female patient with Angelman syndrome under general anesthesia. This case suggests that the dental treatment under general anesthesia can be considered a safe component for the uncooperative, delayed developmental patients with underlying disease. Also, periodic dental exam appointment should be made to provide the patients with preventive treatments and to make them remain familiar with the dental environment.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.135-144
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• 2011

Recently, researches about fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) which has excellent durability, corrosion resistance, and tensile strength as a substitution material to steel tendon have been actively pursued. This study is performed to examine FRP tendon used prestressed beam's safety under service load. The specimen was a prestressed concrete beam with internal bonded FRP tendon. In order to compare the member fatigue capacity, a control specimen of a prestressed concrete beam with ordinary steel tendon was tested. A fatigue load was applied at a load range of 60%, 70%, and 80% of the 40% ultimate load, which was obtained though a static test. The fatigue load was applied as a 1~3 Hz sine wave with 4 point loading setup. Fatigue load with maximum 1 million cycles was applied. The specimen applied with a load ranging between 40~60% did not show a fatigue failure until 1 million cycles. However, it was found that horizontal cracks in the direction of tendons were found and bond force between the tendon and concrete was degraded as the load cycles increased. This fatigue study showed that the prestressed concrete beam using FRP tendon was safe under a fatigue load within a service load range. Fatigue strength of the specimen with FRP and steel tendon after 1 million cycles was 69.2% and 59.8% of the prestressed concrete beam's static strength, respectively.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.141-150
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• 2011

The objective of this study is to monitor the microbiological effect on preschool children's hand safety according to educational methods of hand washing. The subjects were ten children aged three to five. The analyses of the microbiological effect were made before band washing education, after one-week video demonstrations of hand washing education, and after one-week video demonstrations of hand washing education combined with practice. The results were as follows. Total plate count, filamentous fungi, coliform, and Staphylocuccus aureus were detected from children's hands just before band washing education. According to the two-week hand washing education, such education was found effective in keeping the children's hands clean and safe. In conclusion, repeated and more consistent training of band washing would be important for children, especially aged three to five because most of the habits and behavior patterns were developed in these age groups and the effects were persistent during their future life.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.52 no.12
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• pp.1311-1320
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• 2009

Childhood obesity has rapidly increased in Korea during the past 20-30 years. Approximately 1 of 10 children and adolescents is obese. Appropriate prevention and intervention measures urgently need. Obesity prevention starts early in life, i.e., obesity prevention and education begins during the period of fetal development in utero. Behavioral changes are the most positively reflected during pregnancy. Infants should be fed breast milk, and inculcated with healthy eating and behavioral habits during infancy to ultimately establish a healthy lifestyle in children. For achieving a lifestyle and behavior that successfully allow children to overcome obesity, although individual motivation is important, active support of parents and family members is also imperative. Health care providers should also make an effort to actively prevent obesity and take necessary intervention actions. Although the efforts of individuals, family, and healthy care providers are important to prevent the rapid increase in obesity, primary prevention should be encouraged at a higher level. Schools should specifically aim at improving nutrition and physical activity by allocating times for healthy eating, playing, and physical education. Moreover, local communities should provide support by funding for safe recreational environments, such as playgrounds and walking tracks. Public health strategies in community and national policies, such as city planning, food marketing, and advertisements, are required for primary prevention of obesity.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.207-217
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• 2014

Many a number of policies have been tried to reduce auto accidents so far, but it is obvious that further studies are still needed to find a more fundamental and multi-dimensional preventive measure with effect. The National Mental Health Statistics shows that the most profound forms of negative emotions, that is, depression and anxiety, have been increasing, but studies on such a topic are scarce to find. Therefore, we conducted a structural analysis between the negative emotions, including depression and anxiety, of drivers and their driving behaviors using a Structural Equation Modeling(SEM) technique. The review of past literature and studies indicated that not all of human emotions manifest themselves as the ultimate behaviors because they go through emotion regulation Strategies. For this reason, the purpose of this study was set to analyze the structural model developed in this study reflecting the emotion regulation strategies. The result of our analysis showed that the driver's negative emotion had a more significant influence on dangerous driving behaviors than safe ones, and especially, the expressive suppression strategy was found to be the highest factor. Also, the total effect analysis with the negative emotional factors showed that expressive suppression had more significant influence compared to that of cognitive reappraisal. The implication of this study might provide a better understanding on driving behaviors of the drivers and could be used as a fundamental study for future policy development to reduce traffic accidents.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.17 s.17
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• pp.83-94
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• 2005

Host rock or the standing sculptured Buddha in the Yongamsa temple is macular porphyritic biotite granite, which has gone through mechanical and chemical weathering. The rock around the Buddha statue is busily scattered with steep inclinations that are almost vertically discontinuous planes with the strikes of $N8^{\circ}E$. Especially the development of the joints that cross the major joints causes the structural instability of the rock. The rock of the Buddha statue is separated into several rock blocks because of many different discontinuity. Thus it is estimated that the bed rock has not only plane and toppling failure but also wedge failure in all the sides. Since the differential pressure is imposed on the body of the Buddha in the host rock, it is urgent to give a reinforce treatment of geotechnical engineering for the safe of its structural stability. Very contact area of joints have turned into soil, which promotes the growth of weeds and plant roots, then aggravates the mechanical weathering of the rock. Thus conservational treatments should also be considered to get rid of secondary contaminants and vegetation along the discontinuities and to prevent further damages.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.237-250
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• 2015

Underground structures such as a tunnel have been considered as safer than structures on the ground during earthquake. However, severe damages of underground structures occurred at subway tunnel during 1995 Kobe Earthquake and such damages are gradually increased. In this study, a dynamic behavior of a cut and cover tunnel surrounded by weathered soils is investigated using Mohr-Coulomb Model. Parametric study was carried out for boundary conditions, tensile strength, and earthquake magnitudes. The results of numerical analyses in terms of ground deformations and stresses acting on the lining were quite dependent on the side boundary condition (free or fix conditions) and tensile strength of surrounding soils. The ground was deformed upward at the end of earthquake when the side boundary condition was fixed, whereas residual deformations were not predicted when it was free. When the tensile strength of a soil was set to the same as its cohesion, residual deformation was less than 1cm, regardless of side boundary conditions or input accelerations. In addition to that, stress conditions at the maximum deformation and end of earthquake were within an allowable range and considered as safe. Proper boundary conditions and material properties such as tensile strength are quite important because they may significantly impact on the results of dynamic analyses.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.52-63
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• 2000

In Korea, most of the patients with chronic liver diseases have been using some kind of alternative therapies at home. however, the question is why do people turn to alternative therapy and how the patients are able to use the alternative therapies widely, though the effects have not been proven scientifically. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the process of the patients' experiences using the alternative therapies. The 16 participants were from internalmedical departments in hospital and the permission was received to participate in this study from the subjects. The data were collected with interviews and participants observations, analyzed by the grounded theory methodology of Strauss and Corbin(1990). With the analysis of the data, 15 categories were generated such as psychological pressures, barriers of role performances, distrusts of western medicine, blind obediences to the treatments, attitudes towards alternative therapies, supportive systems, obstacles to taking alternative therapies, financial burdens, collecting informations, pursuing alternative modalities, efforting diversities, analyzing by themselves, managing the body, accepting the disease, and ambivalence. The paradigm model was developed to identify the relationships of categories. The central phenomenon of the experiences of seeking alternative therapies was named jagi momdasrim. The central concept of jagi momdasrim is a mind-set to desire to wellness and to take more responsibility for one's own healing by pursuing alternate healing modalities rather than the western medical system. The process of jagi momdasrim evolved several stages such as seeking, finding, struggling, overcoming, fulfilling, and governing the diseases. Four patterns of taking alternative therapies were found as follows: the bulsin-chujong-hyung, the suyoung-hyung, the yangdari-gulchiki-hyung, the chamjae-hyung. In conclusion, the phenomenon of alternative therapies as consumer-driven force to heal the chronic liver diseases of the patients could be explained as an adaptive behavior through the process of jagi momdasrim. However, since most of the participants practicing some kind of alternative therapies had no evidences of its effects and never tried to consult with their medical doctors about alternative therapies, we should approach more actively. Therefore, it is recommended for nurses to listen and watch the patients behaviors of using alternative therapies and find out how to educate the patients about the proper and safe way to take the alternative therapies.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.28 no.11
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• pp.1834-1845
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• 2018

The lactobacilli associated with a fermented goat milk product from Tajikistan were isolated to characterize their technological properties and antibiotic resistances in order to assess their suitability for development as starter cultures. In this study, twenty three strains were identified by 16S rRNA sequencing as typical dairy-associated lactic acid bacterial strains, i.e. L. plantarum, L. pentosus, L. delbrueckii, L. helveticus and L. paracasei. These strains were generally susceptible to most antibiotics tested in this study and this allowed a selection of strains as safe starters. The draft genomes of four representative strains were sequenced and the number of contigs of the four assembled genomes ranged from 51 to 245 and the genome sizes ranged from 1.75 to 3.24 Mbp. These representative strains showed differences in their growth behavior and pH-reducing abilities in in vitro studies. The co-inoculation of these Lactobacillus spp. strains together with a yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus MBT-5698, or together with the yeast and an additional Streptococcus thermophilus MBT-2, led to a pH reduction to 3.4 after 48 h. Only in the case of fermentation inoculated with the co-culture, the viscosity of the milk increased noticeably. In contrast, fermentations with single strains did not lead to gelation of the milk or to a decrease in the pH after 24h. The results of this study provide a comprehensive understanding of the predominant lactobacilli related to Tajikistani fermented milk products.