• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.130-137
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• 2014

Nondestructive evaluation (NDE) method by using a resonance frequency mode was carried out for ceramics made from particle boards with different phenol resin impregnation ratios (30, 40, 50, 60%) at carbonizing temperature of $800^{\circ}C$. The material for ceramics was Miscanthus sinensis var. purpurascens board. Dynamic modulus of elasticity increased with increasing impregnation ratio. There was a close relationship of dynamic modulus of elasticity and static bending modulus of elasticity to modulus of rupture (MOR). However, the result indicated that correlation coefficient is higher in dynamic modulus of elasticity to MOR than that in static modulus of elasticity to MOR. Therefore, the dynamic modulus of elasticity using resonance frequency by free vibration mode is more useful as a nondestructive evaluation method for predicting the MOR of ceramics made from Miscanthus sinensis var. purpurascens particle boards by different phenol resin impregnation ratios.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.323-337
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• 2018

Merkusii pine wood (Pinus merkusii) was extensively planted throughout Indonesia, where it is only indigenous in northern Sumatera, by the Dutch during colonial times. The demand for this wood species, especially in the domestic market, has increased notably, despite its limited durability regarding decay resistance. The purpose of this study was to investigate the occurrence of juvenile and mature wood on merkusii pine and to analyze its radial features from pith to bark based on density, shrinkage, static bending in modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity, fiber length, microfibril angle, and durability. A segmented modeling approach was used to find the juvenile-mature transition. The graveyard test was performed to characterize the termite resistance from pith to bark of merkusii pine. The maturations were estimated to start at radial increments of 15 cm from the pith by fiber length and of 12 cm from the pith by microfibril angle. The projected figures for the proportion of juvenile wood at breast height were around 65%. The results also indicate that the pine wood was $0.52g/cm^3$ in density, 1.45 in coefficient of anisotropy, which indicates its good stability, 7597 MPa in modulus of elasticity, and 63 MPa in modulus of rupture. Natural durability against subterranean termite of the merkusii pine wood was rated to be grade 4 to 0 from pith to bark. However, after being treated by Entiblu and Enborer preservatives, its rating increased to grade 10 to 9.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.3-9
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• 1984

This study was carried out to examine the practicality of DAP[$(NH_4)_2HPO_4$] as fire retardant for plywood by static bending test the redried plywoods which had been soaked in 20% $(NH_4)_2HPO_4$ solution. Being hot/cold soaked in the solution for 3/3, 6/3, 9/3 and 12/3 hours and redried by cyclic press-drying method at the platen temp. of 130, 145, 100 and $175^{\circ}C$, the treated plywoods were tested to offer the mechanical data, that is, $S_{pl}$(stress at proportional limit), MOE(modulus of elasticity), MOR(modulus of rupture) and $W_{pl}$(work per unit volume to proportional limit ) in flexure. The results obtained were summarized as follows. 1. $S_{pl}$ of fire retardant treated plywoods ("FRP" would be used hereinafter) decreased as the platen temperature increased, but it was superior to that of non-treated plywoods(Control) at $160^{\circ}C$ or higher. 2. MOE of FRP decreased roughly with the increase of temperature, hut this tendency was not constant. And the value of FRP was higher than that of Control even at $175^{\circ}C$. 3. MOR of FRP showed same temperature-dependent tendency as MOE, but it was influenced more sensitively at the higher temperature. 4. $W_{pl}$ of FRP also decreased gradually with the increase of platen temperature and the value in DAP 9/3 treatment was Jess than 70% of control plywoods. 5. In view of redrying time and mechanical properties, the most reasonable platen temperature for DAP treated FRP was $160^{\circ}C$ in this study.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.8-14
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• 1997

Stress wave velocity, wave impedance, and stress wave elasticity of small, clear bending specimens of five domestic softwoods (Pinus densiflora, Pinus koraiensis, Chamaecyparis obtusa, Cryptomeria japonica, and Larix leptolepis) and four tropical hardwoods(Kempas, Malas, Taun, and Terminalia) were correlated with static bending modulus of elasticity(MOE) and modulus of rupture(MOR). The degree of correlation between stress wave parameters and static bending properties was dependent on wood species tested. Stress wave elasticity and wave impedance were better predictors for static bending properties than stress wave velocity for each species individually and for softwood or hardwood species taken as a group, even though elasticity and impedance were nearly equally correlated with static bending properties apparently. Based upon the correlation coefficient between stress wave parameters and static properties, stress wave elasticity and wave impedance were found as stress wave parameters which can be used for the purpose of the reliable and successful prediction of bending properties. The degree of correlation between static MOE and MOR was also different according to wood species tested. Static MOE was nearly as well correlated with MOR as was stress wave elasticity. The results of this research are encouraging and can be considered as a basis for further work using full-size lumber. From the results of this study, it was concluded that stress wave measurements could provide useful predictions of static bending properties and was a feasible method for machine stress grading of domestic softwoods and tropical hardwoods tested in this study.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.21-44
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• 1988

팔만칩 및 톱밥을 보오드에 활용(活用)하기 위한 방안(方案)의 하나로, 이들의 취약한 처리(物理) 및 기계적(機械的) 성질(性質)을 개선(改善)시키기 위하여 비목질재료(非木質材料)인 폴리프로필렌망(網)을 결체(結締)하여 보오드를 제조(製造)하였다. 보오드의 제조조건(製造條件)은 비중(比重)을 0.40, 0.55, 0.70 및 0.85의 4수준으로 하고 수지첨가율(樹脂添加率)을 8%, 10%, 12% 및 14%의 4수준으로 하였으며, 망수(網數)는 1장에서 4장으로 하여 보오드를 각각 제조(製造)하였다. 이들 보오드의 물리(物理) 및 기계적(機械的) 성질(性質)은 두께팽창율(膨脹率), 휨파괴계수(破壞係數), 휨탄성계수(彈性係數), 인장강도(引張强度), 박리저항(剝離抵抗) 및 나사못보지력(保持力) 등을 측정조사(測定調査)하고 고찰(考察)하였는데 본연구(本硏究)에서 얻은 중요한 결론(結論)은 다음과 같다. 1) 지수첨가율(指數添加率)이 증가함에 따라 두께팽창율(膨脹率)은 감소(減少)하였고, press-lam 보오드는 일반성형(一般成形)보오드 보다 낮은 값을 보여 주었다. 2) 보오드의 휨파괴계수(破壞係數) 및 탄성계수(彈性系數)는 비중(比重)이 증가하였으며 press-lam 보오 드는 일반적형(一般的形)보오드보다 높은 값을 나타내었다. 망수(網數)가 증가함에 따라 휨파괴계수(破壞係數)는 증가하였고, 수지첨가율(樹脂添加率)이 증가함에 따라서도 같은 양상이 나타났으나 휨탄성계수(彈性係數)의 경우 망수(網數)에 따른 효과(效果)는 나타나지 아니하였다. 3) 비중(比重)이 증가함에 따라 보오드의 인장강도(引張强度)는 증가하였으며, 망구성(網構成)보오드는 대조보오드보다 높은 값을 나타내었다. 또 망수(網數)가 증가함에 따라서도 인장강도(引張强度)는 증가하였으며, press-lam 보오드는 일반적형(一般的形)보오드보다 높은 인장강도치(引張强度値)를 보여 주었다. 4) 보오드의 박리저항(剝離抵抗)은 비중(比重)이 증가함에 따라 증가하였으며 망(網)을 결체(結締)한 보오드는 대조보오드 보다 모두 낮은 값을 보여 주었다. 기수매구성(奇數枚構成)보오드는 우수매구성(偶數枚構成)보오드보다 낮은 박리저항치(剝離抵抗値)를 보였다. 5) 수지첨가율(樹脂添加率) 및 비중(比重)이 증가함에 따라 나사못 보지력(保持力)은 증가하였으나, 망구성(網構成)보오드와 대조보오드사이에서의 차이는 크지 아니하였다. presslam 보오드에서 팔만칩보오드의 경우 고비중(高比重)보오드가, 톱밥보오드의 경우 저비중(低比重)보오드가 각각 대조보오드보다 높은 값을 보여 주었다.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.366-372
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• 1984

Unstabilized Zirconia was added to basic composition under 44$mu extrm{m}$ of 57.80wt% Clay-22.20wt% Chamotte-20.00wt% Agalmatolite system. Here the amount and the particle size of Zirconia were 5-25wt% and -20${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ respectively and the body of these composition was first at 135$0^{\circ}C$. The results obtained from examining the properties of sintered body were as follows. 1. Firing linear shrinkage apparent density and bulk density apparent porosity and water absorption of the samples had the tend to increase according as the particle size of zirconia became larger and the amount of zirconia increased. 2. Modulus of rupture was inversely proportional to the particle size and the additive amount of zirconia, . Especially in case that the particle size of zirconia over 5${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ and the additive amount of zirconia was 25wt% the modulus of rupture had shrunk drastically. 3. The maximum value of KIC was obtained at 20wt% additive amount of zirconia according to the each particle size of zirconia. Especially the highest value of KIC is 2, 173 M. Pa. M1/2 when the particle size of zirconia is 5~10${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ and the additive amount is 20wt%.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.189-189
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• 1982

This study was carried out to determine the possibility of making fiberboard through the dry forming process, utilizing the tannin-like material of the Asplund pulp from the silk worm oak as a binder. The fiberboard was made through paraformaldehyde treatment, spray of NaOH solution and adjustment of mat moisture content, by hot-pressing at $220^{\circ}C$, and 50-6-50kg/$cm^2$ pressure with 6-min. (0.6-1.8-3.6) three-stage pressing cycle. The results are summarized as follows: 1. The modulus of rupture value of fiberboard treated with NaOH solution was greater than that of untreated. The value was increased in proportion to the paraformaldehyde content from I to 5%, but there was no increasing between 5 and 7% paraformaldehyde content. The value became higher along with the increase of mat moisture content from 15% to 25%. 2. The water adsorption of fiberboard treated with NaOH solution was lower than that of untreated. The value was de"creased in proportion to the paraformaldehyde content from 1 to 5%, but there was no decreasing between 5 and 7% paraformaldehyde content.. 3. A good quality fiberboard (modulus of rupture value of about 250kg/$cm^2$) was made through 5% paraformaidehyde treatment and 3% treatment of 10% NaOH solution, when the mat moisture content was 25%. was 25%.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.63-69
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• 1997

출발원료로서 소결마그네시아 클링커 및 천연크롬철광을 사용하여 Cr2O3의 함유량을 약 10-30 중량%의 범위에서 변화시켜 직접결합 마그네시아-크로미아질 내화벽돌의 특성에 미치는 Cr2O3의 영향을 고찰하였다. 상온 꺾임강도 및 고온 꺽임강도는 Cr2O3의 함유량 및 flux 성분의 함유량과는 상관관계가 성립하지 않았으며, 상온 꺾임강도 및 고온 꺾임강도가 가장 우수한 Cr2O3 함유량의 범위는 20중량% 전후였다. 내식성을 좌우하는 주된 요인은 flux성분의 함유량보다는 2차 spinel의 생성량이었으며, 내식성은 2차 spinel의 생성량 증가에 따라 선형적으로 증가하였다. 또한, 내spalling성은 주로 flux 성분의 함유량에 의존하였으며, flux 함유량이 적을수록 내spalling성이 우수하였다.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제32권9호
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• pp.989-994
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• 1995

Rigid porous carbon fiber composites with the uniform pore size distribution were prepared by vacuum forming from water slurries containing carbonized PAN fibers, a phenolic resin and ceramic binders. The composites were designed to use for highly efficient carbon fiber filters for particulate filtration and gas adsorption. As the as-received carbon fibers of 1mm in length were milled to an approximate average length of 300${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$, modulus of rupture (MOR) of the composite filter was increased from 1MPa to the value larger than 5 MPa. Modulus of rupture (MOR) for the composite filter fabricated using the milled carbon fiber was increased from 5 MPa to 10 MPa as the carbonization temperature of the PAN fiber was raised from 90$0^{\circ}C$ to 140$0^{\circ}C$. The air permeability and an average pore size of the composite filter were increased from 40 to 270cc/min.$\textrm{cm}^2$ and from 35 to 80${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$, respectively, as the apparent porosity increased from 80 to 95%. It was shown that the MOR of the carbon fiber composite filter was dependent primarily on the average length of carbon fiber, carbonization temperature and the type of bonding materials.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2005년도 봄학술 발표회 논문집(II)
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• pp.337-340
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• 2005

In this study, an effect of fiber blending on material property of Hybrid Fiber Reinforced Concrete (HFRC) was evaluated. Also, Compare and evaluates collating and mechanical property by the mixing rate of fiber for HFRC was determine. Modulus of rupture and strength effectiveness of Hybrid Fiber Reinforced Concrete mixed with macro-fiber(steel fiber) and micro-fiber(glass fiber, carbon fiber, cellulose fiber). Test result shows, in the case of mono fiber reinforced concrete. As the steel fiber mixing rate increases to 1.5$\%$, the strength effectiveness promotion rate rises. However, when is 2.0$\%$, strength decreases. In the case of hybrid fiber reinforcement concrete, synergy effect of micro fiber and macro fiber happens and higher Modulus of rupture and strength effectiveness appears than mono-fiber reinforcement concrete. Use of hybrid fiber reinforcement in concrete caused a significant influence on its fracture behavior; consequently, caused increase by mixing rate of steel fiber + carbon fiber and contributed by steel fiber + glass fiber, steel fiber + celluloid fiber in reinforcement effect in order. And was expose that steel fiber(1.5$\%$) + carbon fiber(0.5$\%$) is most suitable association.