• 한국농공학회지
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.113-123
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• 1997

This study was initiated to build runoff plots, install soil and water quality monitoring systems and collect background data from the plots and neighboring soils as the 1st year study of a 5 year project to assess soil quality and develop the management practices for environmentally sound agriculture in mountainous soils. Eleven $3{\times}15m$ runoff plots and monitoring systems were installed at a field of National Alpine Agricultural Experiment Station to monitor soil quality and discharge of nonpoint source pollutants. Corn and potato were cultivated under different fertilizer, tillage and residue cover treatments. The soil has a single-layered cluster structure that has a relatively good hydrologic properties and can adsorb a large amount of nutrient. Concentrations of T-N, $NH_4$-N, and $NO_3$-N of surface soil sampled in the winter were relatively high. Runoff quality in the winter and thawing season in the spring was largely dependent on surface freezing, snow accumulation, temperature, surface thawing depth and so on. Runoff during the thawing season caused serious soil erosion but runoff quality during the winter was relatively good. Serious wind erosion from unprotected fields after the fall harvest were obserbed and best management practices to reduce the erosion need to be developed.

• 물과 미래
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.51-62
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• 1993

연유출량에 영향을 미치는 가장 직접적인 인자는 강수량인데 회귀분석을 이용한 이전의 연구에서는 유출률이 20% 미만 또는 100% 이상인 경우에는 강수와 유량자료는 이상점(outlier)으로서 분석에서 제외시킨 결과 강수량은 독립변수로서 의의가 없고 대신 유역면적을 중요한 독립변수로 포함시켰다. 본 연구에서는 유출률대신 (연강수량-연유출량)을 연증발산량의 좋은 추정치로 간주하고 우리나라에서 가능한 연증발산의 범위를 벗어나는 자료를 제외시키고 회귀분석을 한 결과 수문학적인 이론에 부합되며 결정계수가 높은 다음과 같은 회귀분석식을 얻었다. R=-518.25+0.8834P 단, R: 유출고(mm) P: 연강수량(mm) 이 회귀분석식은 cross-validation을 거친 결과 계수가 매우 안정되어 있어서 우리나라의 미계측 중소수게에서 사용할 수 있는 좋은 연유출량 추정모델로서 제안한다.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제37권3_4호
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• pp.23-33
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• 1995

Geographic data which are difficult to handle by the characteristics of spatial variation and variety turned into a possibility to analyze with tlie computer-aided digital map and the use of Geographic Information System(GIS). The purpose of this study is to develop and apply a GIS application model (GISCELWAB) for the spatial simulation of surface runoff from a small watershed. This paper discribes the modeling procedure and the applicability of the cell water balance model (CELWAB) which calculates the water balance of a cell and simulates surface runoff of watershed simultaneously by the interaction of cells. The cell water balance model was developed to simulate the temporal and spatial storage depth and surface runoff of a watershed. The CELWAB model was constituted by Inflow-Outflow Calculator (JOC) which was developed to connect cell-to-cell transport mechanism automatically in this study. The CELWAB model requests detail data for each component of a cell hydrologic process. In this study, therefore, BANWOL watershed which have available field data was selected, and sensitivity for several model parameters was analyzed. The simulated results of surface runoff agreed well with the observed data for the rising phase of hydrograph except the recession phase. Each mean of relative errors for peak discharge and peak time was 0.21% and2.1 1% respectively. In sensitivity analysis of CELWAB , antecedent soil moisture condition(AMC) affected most largely the model.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.231-235
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• 2004

To investigate removal effects of nutrients in stormwater runoff by soil of riparian protection zone, soil column experiment was conducted for 20 months. Artificial stormwater runoff containing phosphate and nitrate was applied on the surface of soil column twice a week, and phosphate and nitrate concentrations were measured from the leached water. Soil of riparian protection zone reduced the released amount of infiltrated water to the surrounding water. After infiltration of 1m depth of soil column, average removal rates of phosphate and nitrate were 97.7 % and 74.7 %, respectively. As main mechanisms of phosphate are adsorption to soil particle and utilization by plants, periodical replacement of soil and harvesting of plant at the end of growing season are required. For the removal of nutrients in stormwater runoff by the soil layer, soil of riparian protection zone has higher hydraulic conductivity to infiltrate stormwater. Sandy soil having hydraulic conductivity of about $1{\times}10^{-2}cm/s$ range might be appropriate for this purpose.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.89-94
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to estimate the critical flood discharge and flash flood trigger rainfall for alarm system providing for a flash flood in mountainous area. The flash flood need non-linear approaching method, because rainfall-runoff is nonlinear and it is difficult to explain the existing linear rainfall-runoff. Hydrological characteristics would be utilized to apply such as hydrologic modelling or basin management. This study was effectively estimated a topographic characteristic factor of basin using the GIS. Especially, decided stream order using GIS at stream order decision that is important for input variable of GCIUH. A flash floods defined as a flood which follows shortly after a heavy or excessive rainfall event, with a few hours. In this study, we gave a definition that a critical flood for alarm is the flood when valley depth judging dangerous depth is over 0.5m depth from the bottom of channel. Result that calculate threshold discharge to use GCIUH, at the Mureung valley basin, flash flood trigger rainfall was 16.34mm in the first 20minutes when the threshold discharge was $14.54m^3/sec$.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제26권1B호
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• pp.79-88
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• 2006

본 연구에서는 제내지와 하도를 연계한 하천유역의 홍수유출해석기법을 개발하였다. 하천변 저지대를 저류지역(Storage Area)으로 구성하고 자연배수시설과 배수펌프장을 모의할 수 있는 기능에 의해 하도와 연결한 후 부정류해석을 수행하였다. 그 결과 유역에서 저지대로 유입한 홍수량과 저지대에서 하천으로 배제되는 홍수량의 차이를 산정하여 내수침수를 유발하는 저류량과 침수위을 결정하였다. 또한, 모형의 하도와 저류지간에 측방구조물을 설치하고 그 상단부에 위어를 설치하여 하도의 홍수위가 제방고 보다 높을 경우 발생하는 외수월류를 모의하며, 여기에 제방파괴(Levee Breach) 기능을 추가하여 파제 상황에서의 외수범람 영향을 분석할 수 있도록 하였다. 이렇게 결정된 시간대별 침수위를 저지대의 표고와 비교함으로써 침수지역을 식별하고 침수심별로 상이한 형태의 시각정보로 변환하여 시간대별, 침수심별 예상침수지도를 작성하였다. 본 모형의 적용 결과 시간대별로 하천의 홍수위와 유역에서 하도로 유입하는 홍수량 및 외수월류와 제방파괴에 의해 제내지로 역류하는 홍수량, 그리고 하천변 저지대의 침수심과 침수면적 및 침수량 등을 산출할 수 있게 되어 치수계획 수립에 필수적인 다양한 정보를 획득할 수 있었다. 아울러 본 모형을 삽교천 유역에 적용한 결과 실제 발생한 홍수사상의 특성을 잘 재현하여 상기한 정보들이 충분한 활용가치가 있는 것으로 평가되었다.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.74-80
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• 1993

Runoff simulation tests to investigate the flow mechanics of nonsuomerged overland flow in a natural grass intervening land system were condueted and a modified kinematic wave overland runoff model developed by Choi et al. (1993) was verified. Nonhomogeneity and heterogeneity of the soil, slope, local topography, infiltration, grass density, and the density and activity of the soil microhes and wild animals were the major factors affecting the flow. Streamlines were disturbed by grass stems and small concentrated flows due to the disturbed streamlines and local topography were observed a lot. Relatively larger concentrated flows were observed where bundles of grass were dominant than where individual grasses were growing. Predicted hydrographs were agreed verv well with measured hydrographs. Since the modified model considers grass density in computing flow depth and hydraulic radius, it can be better than existing kinematic wave model if it were used to route nonpoint source pollutant attenuation processes in many grass intervening land systems.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.184-189
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• 2005

Impacts of non-point source pollution on water quality are well known. In this paper, effects of land use, precipitation characteristics, discharge characteristics on non-point source pollutant loadings at urban, agricultural and forestry watersheds were discussed. Rainfall runoffs from fifteen rainfall events were sampled and analysed at two urban watersheds, one rural watershed, and one forestry watershed. EMCs (Event Mean Concentration) were calculated based on monitored flow rates and concentrations. Statistical analysis carried out with runoff loadings and affecting variables indicated that runoff loadings are weakly correlated with the rainfall intensity and the dry days before rainfall events while showed no correlations with rainfall depth nor runoff quantity. By comparing EMCs between study watersheds on log-normal cumulative probability scale, EMCs ranking were in the descending order of urban watershed>agricultural watershed>forestry watershed for SS, TCOD, TN, and TP.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.53-64
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• 2012

본 연구 (II)에서는 앞선 연구 (I)에서 개발된 지표 및 지표하 유출해석 모듈의 적용성과 수치해석적인 안정성에 대한 분석하였다. 개발 모듈의 유출해석에서 기존 강우-유출해석 모형에 비해 특징적인 침투해석에 관한 모의를 위해 침투해석 방식이 서로 다른 FFC2Q 모형과 $Vflo^{TM}$을 비교대상으로 선정하여 동일한 투수층 유역에 적용하여 모의 결과를 비교분석해 보았으며, 강우의 크기와 토양의 유효토심 및 강우발생시점부터 강우종료 후 경과시간에 대한 모의조건을 설정하여 개발모듈의 적용성과 해석결과의 안정성을 검토해 보았다. 이상의 테스트에서 본 연구의 개발 모듈은 침투과정을 물리적으로 나타내는 전형적인 형태를 잘 나타내었으며, 토양조건 별 포화시점도 상이하였고, 수두가 증가되는 기울기도 다르게 구현함으로써 토양별 특성치를 비교적 잘 보여주었다. 또한, 강우강도가 유출에 미치는 영향과 시간분포에 대한 모의결과도 잘 반영하였으며, 마지막으로 타 모형과의 비교결과에서도 강우-유출해석에 대한 정확도가 높게 평가될 만한 결과를 도출하였다.

• 한국농공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농공학회 2002년도 학술발표회 발표논문집
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• pp.461-464
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• 2002

This study is to application the TANK modle for Ponding depth and discharge, T-N, T-P simulation from paddy field area. Simulation coefficient of correlation for Ponding depth and discharge, T-N, T-P were 0.89, 0.60, 0.99, 0.91 respectively. advanced purposes are development of agriculture runoff character modeling and application of best management practice with this study model.