• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.11-19
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• 1987

A coil pyrolyzer and processor-controlled gas chromatograph were used for analysis of rubber for compounding ratio of the single and blend rubber vlucanizates. Variables such as sample size, pyrolysis temperature, time allowed for pyrolysis, the column packing material, its length and programmable temperature for gas chromatography were examined to obtain optimum condition for application to NR, BR and SBR blends. By application fixed conditions, three kinds of standard curves were finally obtained from thirty samples of blend vulcanizates which were prepared in the pilot plant, NIRI. It is possible to determine rubber composition and their ratio in NR, BR and SBR products by pyrolysis.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.99-103
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• 1962

The usefulness of a propionylated paper chromatography to the identification of various insoluble organic antioxidants in rubber vulcanizates was studied. Purified commercial antioxidants and commercially mixed antioxidants could be identified by the propionylated paper chromatography. Antioxidants were identified by the propionylated paper chromatography from acetone extract of pure gum vulcanizates, which were either unaged or aged in Geer-Oven. The $R_f$ values from acetone extracts of vulcanizates were a little lower than those purified samples, but the colours and shapes of the spots support the identification. No spot could be obtained by the method from the aged vulcanizate containing antioxidant 200 (2,6 Di-tert-butyl-p-cresol). This indicates that the antioxidant was converted or decomposed to other compound after aging. It was concluded from the above results that the propionylated paper chromatography is useful to identify the antioxidants from vulcanizates and presents a key for elucidating the mechanism of the inhibition.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.189-204
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• 1985

The purpose of this study is to examine the dynamic properties, especially the damping and fatigue properites, of NR vulcanizates and to find out the vulcanizate which can be used as damping materials in industry. The results of this study can be summarized as follows: 1. In the ODR test, the S-2 vulcanizate was the fastest one in terms of having reached to optimum cure times($t_{90}$) and, with the same formula, when 50phr of HAF carbon black loaded, the shortest optimum cure times has shown. 2. The S - 2 vulcanizate was the best than the others in the physical properties. In aging properties, however, the E - 1 vulcanizate appeared to be better than the other vulcanizates. 3. The results of the RDS test for the NR vulcanization system under the condition of 0.1% strain amplitude and 1 Hz frequency showed no connection between Tg and the the nature of the crosslinking system, but 50phr loading of HAF carbon black increased Tg. The damping values of vulcanizates in the elastic region showed a strong relations the damping values and the crosslinking system. The S - 2 vulcanizate with higher crosslink density had lower damping values than other vulcanizates, and furthermore, the SH - 2 vulcanizates with 50phr loading of HAF carbon black increased the damping values. 4. The Goodrich Flexometer test showed that the heat buildup for the gum NR vulcanizates was less than for those which contained 50phr of HAF carbon black. In particular, the fatigue life of the vulcanizate with lower damping values appeared to be longer than that of the vulcanizates with higher damping values. In the fatigue test, the increasment of the loading or the temperature, applied to the vulcanizates, appeared to be shorten their fatigue life.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.429-431
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• 2006

• Macromolecular Research
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.187-193
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• 2006

Organoclay, was applied as a filler, in place of carbon black and silica, to a natural rubber (NR)/butadiene rubber (BR) blend. A compounding method was used to disperse and separate the layered silicates. The effect of a coupling agent on the vulcanizates was evaluated using both the silica and organoclay filled compounds. After the compounding processes were completed, the XRD diffraction peaks disappeared, but then reappeared after vulcanization. The scorch times for the organoclay-filled compounds were very short compared to those for carbon black and silica-filled compounds. The organoclay-filled compounds showed high values of tensile strength, modulus, tear energy, and elongation at the break. When ranked by viscosity, the compounds appeared in the following order: silica > silica (Si-69) > organoclay > organoclay (Si-69) > carbon black. Fractional hysteresis, tensile set, and wear rates were very consistent with the viscosity of the vulcanizates. The Si 69 coupling agent increased reversion resistance, the maximum torque values in the ODR, modulus, and wear resistance, but decreased elongation at the break, fractional hysteresis, and tension set of the vulcanizates.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제27권9호
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• pp.1473-1476
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• 2006

• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.401-407
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• 2009

용액중합 스티렌-부타디엔 고무 컴파운드 가교체의 균열저항성 및 마모특성에 미치는 공정오일의 영향을 조사하기 위해 방향족 고리화합물(PCA) 성분을 다량 함유하고 있는 방향족 오일과 저 PCA 오일을 선택하였다. 인장강도 및 인열강도 결과에 의하면 방향족 오일함유 컴파운드가 저 PCA 오일함유 컴파운드에 비해 우수한 물성을 나타내었다. 또한 방향족 오일함유 컴파운드가 균열저항성이 월등히 우수하였고, 특히 인열에너지가 낮은 범위에서 더 우수한 결과를 나타내었다. 마모저항특성은 마찰에너지가 낮은 범위에서는 방향족 오일함유 컴파운드가 우수한 결과를 나타낸 반면, 높은 마찰에너지 범위에서는 저 PCA 오일 함유 컴파운드가 오히려 높은 저항성을 나타내었다.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.112-118
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• 2005

실란 커플링제가 카본블랙과 점토로 보강된 천연 고무 가황물의 회복 특성에 미치는 영향에 대해 연구하였다. Bis-(3-(triethoxysilyl)-propyl)-tetrasulfide (TESPT)를 실란 커플링제로 사용하였다. 실란 커플링제가 함유된 가황물은 실란 커플링제가 함유되지 않은 가황물에 비해 전반적으로 빠른 회복 거동을 보였다. 그러나, 점토 함량이 높은 가황물의 경우 $-20^{\circ}C$보다 낮은 온도에서는 실란 커플링제가 함유된 가황물이 실란 커플링제가 함유되지 않은 가황물에 비해 느리게 회복되었다. 실란 커플링제가 함유된 가황물과 실란 커플링제가 함유되지 않은 가황물의 회복량 차이는 점토 함량이 증가할수록 감소하였다. 실험 결과는 가교 밀도, 모둘러스, 그리고 결합 고무량으로 설명하였다.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.204-212
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• 1987

본(本) 실험(實驗)에서는 고무탄성체(彈性體)에 대(對)한 무기계(無機系) 충전제(充塡劑)의 보강(補强)을 충전제(充塡劑)의 입자표면(粒子表面)과 고무분자간(分子間)의 상호작용(相互作用)에 의(依)한 화학적(化學的) 결합(結合) 측면(測面)에서 유리단섬유(短纖維) 충전(充塡)에 의(依)한 Chloroprene 고무 가황체(加黃體)의 보강효과(補强效果)를 향상(向上)시킬 목적(目的)으로 분쇄(分碎)한 유리단섬유(短纖維)($L{\fallingdotseq}30.4{\mu}m,\;d=4{\mu}m$)에 silane coupling제(劑)로 표면처리(表面處理)하여 얻어진 복합체(複合體)를 배합(配合)한 가황계(加黃系)의 가황특성(加黃特性) 및 물리적(物理的) 성질(性質)을 검토(檢討)하였다. 또한 APS배합(配合) CR 미가교체(末架橋體)를 대기중(大氣中)에 폭로(暴露)함으로서 APS에 의(依)한 후가교반응(後架橋反應)을 검토(檢討)하여 다음과 같은 결론(結論)을 얻었다. 1. ODR에 나타난 각(各) 가황계(加黃系)의 적정가황시간(適正加黃時間)($t_{90}$)은 MGF 충전(充塡)의 APS배합(配合) 가황계(架黃系)의 MC가 가장 빠르며 MGF배합(配合) 미가교체(未架橋體) AM이 가장 느렸다. 그리고 silane coupling 처리(處理) MGF는 미처리(未處理) MGF보다 최대(最大) torque값이 더 크고 적정가황시간(適正加黃時間)이 빨랐다. 2. 물리적(物理的) 성질(性質)에 있어서는 인장강도(引張强度), 인장응력(引張應力)이 SC가 가장 좋았으며, 유효강목쇄농도(有效綱目鎖濃度) 역시 SC가 가장 큰 값을 나타냈다. Silane coupling제(劑) 처리(處理) MGF는 미처리(未處理) 및 배합(配合) MGF보다 물리적(物理的) 성질(性質)과 유효강목쇄농도(有效綱目鎖濃度)가 모두 우수하였다. 3. 열노화(熱老化)에 의(依)한 물리적(物理的) 성질(性質)의 변화(變化)는 silica 충전(充塡)에서 $70^{\circ}C$, 72hr 노화시간(老化時間)을 전후(前後)하여 인장강도(引張强度), 인장응력(引張應力), 유효강목쇄농도(有效綱目鎖濃度)가 증가(增加), 감소(減少)하였으며 silane coupling제(劑) 처리(處理) MGF의 경우는 미처리(未處理) 및 배합(配合) MGF와는 달리 silica 충전계(充塡系)와 비슷한 특성(特性)을 나타내었다. 4. CR+APS+MGF와 CR+APS+silica의 미가교체(未架橋體)는 대기폭로(大氣暴露)에 의(依)한 시간(時間)의 경과에 따라 가교반응(架橋反應)이 진행(進行)되어 가교체(架橋體)의 유효강목쇄농도(有效綱目鎖濃度)와 인장물성(引張物性)이 증가(增加)되었다.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.135-139
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• 1983

Scanning electron microscopy studies were conducted to examine the surface treatment effects of treating agents the proposed in the previous studies on various vulcanizates. Fracture surfaces of the vulcanizates compounded with kaolin treated with sodium polyphosphate of poly(maleic anhydride) presented favorable results as expected from the results of the previous studies. In other words, treating agents such as sodium polyphosphate and poly(maleic anhydride) show considerable reinforcing effects on the vulcanizates.