• New & Renewable Energy
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• v.1 no.3 s.3
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• pp.24-34
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• 2005

Ministry of Commerce, Industry [MOCIE] has taken it into consideration to introduce a Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS) that is a purchase obligation program as an alternative plan to the FIT. We conducted a survey of renewable energy companies and experts to ask their opinions about renewable energy policy, the introduction of the RPS, and the scheme for aid of North Korea with renewable energy. Korean renewable energy companies show an impartial opinion about a FIT and a RPS system overall, although they tend to have distinctive opinions by technology each other. With respect to eligible resources for a RPS, the industries want to extend the scope of it as broad as possible. In addition, experts prefer the multi-tiered and energy production based RPS to the sing1e-tiered and installed capacity based RPS. We also conducted a surrey to find the best renewable energy sources. Wind, Geothermal, Solar-thermal, and Photovoltaic were selected to have the best potential capacities to support North Korea by renewable energy experts. However, these energy resources also have several problems to overcome in the aid of North Korea, and thus, the plans for solving them and for giving efficient support to North Korea in the area of Renewable Energy are discussed.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.81-88
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• 2020

The Renewable Portfolio Standard(RPS) which is in operated by country for many years is eco-friendly energy business. Although a variety of institute are accessing the RPS, it consists of a centralized system. Also, it shows opacity of data access in user's point of view. And each institutes is possessing their own data collected by themselves. Therefore decentralization and integrated control is demanded. Also, when institutes are attacked, the interruption of RPS can be existed. For resolving this issue, this study proposes the RPS using blockchain. Using the consortium method of blockchain, every institutes has possessing same data inserting REC data in block data, it is resolvable that transparency and security issue as transaction through verification of certain block. Furthermore, in case of one institute is paused by external attack, the role can be replaced by other institutes. This study tried the processing of putting data through ethereum network, therefore it presents the possibility of introducing the blockchain method in RPS.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.26-31
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• 2022

Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa) is the causal agent responsible for the bacterial canker disease of kiwifruit plants. Psa strains are divided into five different biovars based on genetic and biochemical characteristics. Among them, biovar 2 and 3 strains of Psa were isolated and have been causing widespread damages in Korea. One of the most effective ways to control Psa is to use an antibiotic such as streptomycin. However, Psa strains resistant to this antibiotic were isolated in Korea, and an earlier study revealed that the resistance in the biovar 2 is associated with strA-strB genes. This study aimed to determine the molecular resistance mechanism of Psa biovar 3 strains to streptomycin. Sequencing the rpsL gene encoding ribosomal protein S12 from three streptomycin-resistant strains screened in the laboratory revealed that a spontaneous mutation occurred either at codon 43 or 88. Meanwhile, in four streptomycin-resistant strains of Psa biovar 3 isolated from two kiwifruit orchards, a single nucleotide in codon 43 of the rpsL, which is AAA in streptomycin-sensitive strain, was substituted for AGA causing an amino acid change from lysine to arginine. The resistant mechanism in all biovar 3 strains obtained in Korea was identified as a mutation of the rpsL gene.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.23 no.11
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• pp.1305-1310
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• 2013

Dill (Anethum graveolens L.) is an annual herb with a long history and it is mainly used as a spice and as a medicine that is effective as a digestive aid, a sedative, and a narcotic, and that helps remove bad breath. Dill grows wild in the districts along the shores of the Mediterranean Sea, West Asia, China, and Korea. An estimate of the phylogenetic relationships within dill accessions in 20 countries was inferred using data from the rps16-trnK3-intergenic spacer. The aligned data sets for dill ranged from 747 to 779 nucleotides (bp) as a result of the differences in the insert/delete nucleotides. The sequence variation within the dill accessions was mostly due to nucleotide substitutions, although several small insertions and deletions can be found. Among 100 accessions from 20 countries, the Eastern Asia accessions were more closely related to the North American accessions than to the Central Asia and European accessions. Although some accessions were not congruent completely with geographical locations, the dill accessions with rps16-trnK analysis resulted in plants with better-resolved clades.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.1-34
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• 2008

It is recognized that RPS(Renewable Portfolio Standard) and FIT(Feed-in Tariff) are two main policy instruments to promote Renewable Electricity(RE). The Korean Government announced in 2008 that RE promotion scheme will be changed to RPS from current FIT system in 2012. But we believe RPS is inferior to FIT for promoting less developed technologies such as photovoltaics or wind power. This is because the achievement of RE promotion in countries adopting RPS is markedly worse than that in European counties or Janpan adopting FIT. If the policy change is inevitable, when considering the lessons from Japan's failure as well as supporting the less developed technologies, it is recommended that either the market should be divided into several technology and scale categories, or more RPS-Credit per kWh should be assigned to the photovoltaic and wind power than instead of letting the all technologies compete in the "open category". It is also recommended that (1) Renewable Energy Promotion Fund(tentative name) based on a part of current energy related tax revenue should be introduced, or (2) cost of supporting the Renewable Electricity should automatically be transferred into the electricity bill of electricity consumers following the German System.

• New & Renewable Energy
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• v.1 no.3 s.3
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• pp.14-23
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• 2005

Korean government set the goal of 5.6% to use renewable energy in electricity generation by 2011 compared with the current use of 0.13%. To achieve this goal, an innovative plan for market competitiveness would be required in addition to the feed-in-tariff [FIT] which is carried out at present in Korea. As a countermeasure, Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Energy [MOCIE] has taken it into consideration to introduce a Renewable Portfolio Standard [RPS] that is a purchase obligation program as an alternative plan to the FIT. Furthermore, the active renewable energy market may result from and also reversely result in the aid of North Korea with renewable energy. In this paper, we review The RPS in several country cases. Plans, systems, markets and institutionalization for solving efficiency in the area of renewable energy are discussed.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.11a
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• pp.152.2-152.2
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• 2011

본 연구는 2012년 시행할 예정인 신재생에너지 공급의무화제도(RPS) 하에서 신재생에너지 전력에 대한 추가비용 발생 시 국민들이 RPS 제도의 목표 및 형태에 대하여 어떤 선호를 가지고 있으며, RPS 제도에 대한 소비자들의 만족도를 높이기 위한 개선점이 있는지 알아보고자 수행되었다. 이에 소비자 선호를 조사하는 대표적인 연구방법론인 조건부가치평가법(CVM)을 활용하여, RPS 제도 하에서 발생 가능한 소비자 선호, 구성요소 합산효과 및 지역별 선호의 차이의 3개 주제에 대한 연구를 3차례 설문을 통해 수행하였다. 해당 연구의 주요 내용을 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 우리나라 국민들의 신재생에너지 전력에 대한 WTP는 가구당 1,456~1,560원/월 수준으로 이는 우리나라 가구당 월 평균 전기요금의 약 3.7~3.5% 수준에 해당한다. 이를 토대로 추산한 신재생에너지 전력 이용에 대한 국민들의 편익은 2011년 신재생에너지 보급 관련 예산의 42.4% 정도인 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 국민들은 에너지원의 선택에 대한 비용 차이가 있을 시에는 개별 신재생에너지원을 대체재(substitutes)로 인식하였다. 그러나 에너지원의 선택에 대한 비용 차이가 없는 경우에는 특정 신재생에너지원에 대한 선호를 보이며, 특히 태양광에 대한 선호도가 가장 높게 도출되었다. 셋째, 소비자들의 선호도에 따른 재생에너지 포트폴리오를 적용한 결과, 우리나라 국민들은 연 2,618~2,806 GWh 규모의 신재생에너지 전력을 생산하는데 소요되는 추가비용을 지불할 의사가 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 이는 2010년도 우리나라 전체 전력 수요의 0.62~0.66% 정도로 RPS에서 목표로 하는 의무비율을 이행하기에는 부족한 것으로 보인다. 넷째, 신재생에너지 전력에 대한 선호는 지역별로 다르게 나타났다. 이는 지역 간 저항응답의 비율, 재생에너지 시설 인근 경험 및 재생에너지 시설 입지에 대한 찬반의사 등의 지역별 차이에서 기인하는 것으로 분석되었다.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.127-139
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• 2019

The purported four hybrid origins of Asplenium in Korea were tested based on morphological, cytological and DNA sequence data. Asplenium castaneo-viride, A. ${\times}$ uiryeongse, A. ${\times}$ montanus, and A. ${\times}$ kitazawae share several morphological characteristics with the Asian walking fern A. ruprechtii and related taxa as parents and show a sympatric distribution with the putative parents, raising the possibility of hybrid origins: A. castaneo-viride (A. ruprechtii and A. incisum), A. ${\times}$ uiryeongse (A. ruprechtii and A. pekinense), A. ${\times}$ montanus (A. ruprechtii, A. trichomanes, and A. incisum), and A. ${\times}$ kitazawae (A. ruprechtii and A. sarelii). We investigated flow cytometry and chloroplast DNA sequence data (rbcL, rps4-trnS, and rps4-trnS intergenic spacer) to clarify the hybridization and origin of each hybrid. In the flow cytometry analyses, A. ruprechtii shows diploid (2x) only, whereas A. castaneo-viride (3x, 4x), A. ${\times}$ uiryeongse (3x), A. ${\times}$ montanus (3x, 4x), and A. ${\times}$ kitazawae (2x, 4x) exhibit polyploidy, suggesting hybrid events along speciation. The rbcL and rps4-trnS and rps4-trnS intergenic spacer data suggest that A. ruprechtii is one the maternal ancestors of all four hybrids. In addition, the rps4-trnS and rps4-trnS intergenic spacer data indicate that A. incisum is also the maternal ancestor of A. ${\times}$ kitazawae and A. ${\times}$ montanus, proposing multiple hybridization events for these two hybrids. In A. ${\times}$ montanus, morphological features such as the leaf forms and sympatric distributions of the species also support the multimaternal hypothesis, but the morphological features of A. ${\times}$ kitazawae must be examined with consideration of hybrid events. To clarify the complex hybrid evolutionary lineages of the four Asplenium hybrids, further research with taxon sampling and molecular markers should be conducted.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.116-123
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• 2004

The demand for the stable and comfortable cabin of a high speed passenger ship is increasing. The study on shipboard comfort has been mainly concentrated on the motion control of a whole hull body. In this study, however, a new control system operated by two parallel robots (3RPS, 3SPR) such as the active suspension system of motor vehicle is proposed. The goal of this control is keeping zero velocity of the upper robot (cabin) although the lower robot (ship) is moving by the waves. Jacobian matrix was used to design the controller, From the simulation results, the remarkable reduction of motion of the cabin (upper platform) was observed. The 3SPR parallel robot shows better performance compared to the 3RPS robot.

• Proceedings of the Microbiological Society of Korea Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.121-124
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• 2002

This work was initiated to develope a recombinant oral poliovaccine (OPV), which is highly advanced in safety (minimizing VAPP) by introducing Type 2,3 poliovirus epitopes into our RPS-Vax system. We have introduced several potential vaccine epitopes of poliovirus Type 2, and 3 into RPS-Vax system, resulting in production of recombinant polioviruses. Any of these chimeric viruses, however, were not detected for their foreign gene expression by serotype-specific mouse antiserum. We have designed several folding units to stabilize the introduced vaccine protein and attached short epitope-concatamer or epitope-multimer to them, followed by production of chimeric viruses. Only those who have an HIV-1 Tat-mediated folding unit were nicely detected for the introduced foreign proteins by anti-Tat antiserum and type-specific peptide-induced antisera. Nevertheless, introduced epitopes were not detected in Western blot experiment with each serotype-specific antiserum. None of the mice inoculated with these chimeric viruses showed preventative immunity when challenged with Lansing and Leon wildtype 2 and 3 poliovirus, and the antiserum did not show neutralizing capacity in vitro. Conformational epitope covering B/C loop region of type 2 and 3 were newly designed by computer modeling, and introduced into the RPS-Vax vector system, followed by production of chimeric viruses. Introduced epitope regions were nicely detected by anti-Tag23 mAb or peptide antibody, but still not detected by poliovirus antiserum. Nevertheless, neutralizing antibody was detected in the Tg-PVR mice even when inoculated once with these chimeric viruses. Also, the immunized mice showed perfect preventative immunity against the wild Type poliovirus Lancing or Leon. When boosted appropriately, those chimeric virus-inoculated Tg-PVR mice produced equivalent amounts of neutralizing antibody to those in Sabin 2/3-immunized mice. These data strongly suggest that our recombinant poliovirus (RPS-PV2 and RPS-PV3) can be used as a safe and effective rec-OPV instead of any preexisting poliovaccine.