• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.34-41
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• 1990

The pilomatricoma (calcifying epithelioma of Malherbe) is rare benign hard, spherical and freely movable cutaneous tumor, which was differentiated from hair cells, particulary hair cortex cells. It is usually occured as a single, asymptomatic, 0.5 cm to 3.0 cm sized, deep seated, firm nodule, covered by normal or pink skin. It arises chiefly in young people, including children, and most often in the head, neck and upper extrimites. The authers experienced a case of pilomatricoma which occured in preauricular region. This case was summarized as follows. 1. 10 years old female has suffered from hard subepidermal mass on preauricular area and she visited our out patient clinic. So we performed surgical extirpation and the excised specimen was pathologically examined. 2. Grossly the tumor measures 2.0 cm in diameter and firm, bosselated, spherical shaped which covered by a thin layer of fibrous tissue. On cut section, it shows spicular gritty surfaces, well encapsulation, interwoven and keratotic lamellae. 3. Histopathologically, the epithelial masses of the tumor are composed of two type of cells, basophilic cells and shodow cells. The basophilic cells resemble hair matrix cells which posses round or elogated, deeply basophilic nuclei and scanty cytoplasm. The shadow cells show a central, unstained shadow at the site of the lost nucleus. Gradual development of basophilic cells into shadow cells can be observed. Foci of calcification are present within the lobule of shadow cells. The stroma of the tumor shows a considerable foreign body giant cell reaction adjacent to the shadow cells. 4. No recurrence was observed until post-operative 40 months.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.101-109
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• 2016

PURPOSE. To investigate the void parameters within the resin cements used for fiber post cementation by micro-CT (${\mu}CT$) and regional push-out bonding strength. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Twenty-one, single and round shaped roots were enlarged with a low-speed drill following by endodontic treatment. The roots were divided into three groups (n=7) and fiber posts were cemented with Maxcem Elite, Multilink N and Superbond C&B resin cements. Specimens were scanned using ${\mu}CT$ scanner at resolution of $13.7{\mu}m$. The number, area, and volume of voids between dentin and post were evaluated. A method of analysis based on the post segmentation was used, and coronal, middle and apical thirds considered separately. After the ${\mu}CT$ analysis, roots were embedded in epoxy resin and sectioned into 2 mm thick slices (63 sections in total). Push-out testing was performed with universal testing device at 0.5 mm/min cross-head speed. Data were analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests (${\alpha}=.05$). RESULTS. Overall, significant differences between the resin cements and the post level were observed in the void number, area, and volume (P<.05). Super-Bond C&B showed the most void formation ($44.86{\pm}22.71$). Multilink N showed the least void surface ($3.51{\pm}2.24mm^2$) and volume ($0.01{\pm}0.01mm^3$). Regional push-out bond strength of the cements was not different (P>.05). CONCLUSION. ${\mu}CT$ proved to be a powerful non-destructive 3D analysis tool for visualizing the void parameters. Multilink N had the lowest void parameters. When efficiency of all cements was evaluated, direct relationship between the post region and push-out bonding strength was not observed.

• Conservation Science in Museum
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• v.9
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• pp.105-116
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• 2008

The Conservation Science Team of National Museum of Korea has established the data base of lead isotope ratio as the scientific research of bronze patina, which was acquired from conservtion process of metal objects, and based on this result, it intends to conduct the research related to the origin of raw material for the bronze objects. As the equipment for analysis of lead isotope ratio of the bronze patina, the thermal ionization mass spectrometer(TIMS) was used. As a part of this study, in 2nd year 2008, lead isotope ratios of total 18 samples inclding 2 samples of Round-type gold-bronze belong to Baekje period, the 2 items of head of bronze arrow belong to Nangnang(Lelang) and 10 items of the flower-shaped bronze dishes from the Unified Silla period, the 4 items of the bronze patina from the objects(era of 1 item not identified) of Wonpungtongbo(year 1078-North Sung) were analyzed.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.164-170
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• 1992

Haemorrhagic ulcer in cultured snakehead(Chann0 argus) is widespread in Korea during the summer season. Round haemorrhagic ulcers as the main symptom of this epizootic disease can be found on the skin of the head. body, as well as fins of this fish. This study was conducted to investigate the pathology of this disease. First. Aeromonas veronii. the dominant species. was isolated from diseased snakeheads. Then this bacterium was injected into healthy snakeheads hypodermically. Such injection was found to induce haemorrhagic ulcers very similar to those observed in naturally infected fish. One or two days afier the injection, a red spot developed around the injection site. and grew bigger to from a red area. This enlarged area then developed into haemorrhagic ulcer, accompanied by substantial skin loss. Within five days. muscle necrosis proceeded to the extent that a perforation was made between the injection site and the opposite side. The fifty per cent lethal dosage was found to be $1\times10^{5}$CFU/0.25 ml by intraperitoneal injection. The results of this experiment lead us to conclude that Arromonas veronii is a major bacterium which causes haemorragic ulcer in cultured snakcheads.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.73-85
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to consider the characteristics of beauty culture in the latter period of Chosun Dynasty from the viewpoint of public morals and find out how characteristic beauty culture was developed along with traditional culture. Therefore, the clothes, the make-up, the style of beard and hair were examined and the beauty culture of women in the latter period Chosun Dynasty was considered. The changes of the beauty culture on the genre painting and the characteristics of the latter period Chosun Dynasty were analyzed. Conclusions are as follows ;First, in case of woman dress, the Korean Jergori was short and the Chima was too long. Due to the diversification of wearing, the underpants play as a decorations. Second, the hair which focus on the cleanness and the sanitation and the skin maintenance method were important. The make-up focus on make-up with powder which emphasis on the slim and round eyebrow, the small and thick lips for the beauty look of the latter period Chosun Dynasty. Third, a unmarried woman did the braids('Taun Muri') and a feme covert did 'Unseen Muri'. As people cling to the big and head of hairs gradually, the chignon('Terae Muri') was in fashion. The beauty culture in the latter period of Chosun Dynasty clothes and cosmetic treatment style were generalized through nobility, common people, lowly people. The imitation mentality which follow after Gisaeng style that led the fashion of that period was shown up. With understanding the beauty culture of the latter period of Chosun Dynasty, the study on the traditional beauty culture should be revitalized. This study help to uplift the pride on Korea traditional culture and to promote the globalization of Korean culture.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.327-330
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• 2014

Background: Ewing sarcoma is a small round cell tumor arising from soft tissue and bone that predominantly affects children and adolescents. The most unfavorable prognostic factor is the presence of distant metastasis at the time of diagnosis. Materials and Methods: The records of 26 Ewing sarcoma patients (14 male, 12 female) were re-evaluated retrospectively. Results: The median age was 26.5 (19-42) years. Eight patients (31%) showed a primary tumor in their extremities, 8 (31%) in the thorax, 4 (15%) at the vertebra, 4 (15%) in the head and neck, and 2 (8%) in the abdomen. Five patients (19%) had distant metastasis at diagnosis. The median progression-free survival was 72 months and 10 months in localized and metastatic disease, respectively (p=0.005). The overall survival rate was 19 months in metastatic disease, and the 5-year overall survival rate was 64% in localized disease (p=0.006). Patients who had localized disease in the extremities and were under age 30 had a favorable prognosis. Conclusions: Although Ewing sarcoma is a tumor affecting children and adolescents, it may be seen in adults, where the prognosis is generally worse. Although it is a highly malignant tumor, it is possible to achieve improved survival with combined modality treatments.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.272-280
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• 2016

Most scyphomedusae jellyfishes recorded in Korean waters are temperate and subtropical species. In the present study, two cold-water jellyfishes from Korean waters are first described. Scyphomedusae were collected from the coasts of Gangneung and Ulsan of the East Sea, and Boryeong, and the eastern area of the Yellow Sea from June 2006 to May 2015. Scyphomedusae collected in Ulsan and Gangneung were identified morphologically as Aurelia limbata Brandt, 1835. Their umbrella was 250-500 mm in width and 30-50 mm in height; the exumbrella was white and the subumbrella was dark brown in color. The vascular system was complex with anastomosed branches. Individuals of this species lived at about 6.6-9.9℃ and 30-50 m depth in Korean waters. Scyphomedusae collected from the center of the Yellow Sea and from Boryeong were identified as Parumbrosa polylobata Kishinouye, 1910. Their umbrella was disc-shaped, 80-200 mm in width and 20-40 mm in height. Its milky white gonads could be seen through the transparent exumbrella. The stomach cavity was round and flat with four interradial cavities connected by subgenital cavities, and the four oral arms were bifurcated and spear-head shaped. Individuals were found at about 6.4-10.0℃ and 40-90 m depth in Korean waters. The identities of both species were confirmed by molecular analysis using nuclear ribosomal DNA sequences.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.21 no.1 s.33
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• pp.53-76
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• 1991

The study was designed to analyse the reorganization of the rabbit TMJ meniscus which was anteriorly displaced by surgery. The author compared the anteriorly displaced groups with control group. After surgical opening of the left rabbit TMJ space, cut the posterior attachment of the meniscus, and pushed it under the undercut area of the condyle head. Experimental groups were sacrificed by 1, 2, 4, 8 weeks after surgery. The samples were analysed with light microscope under T-B stain and electron microscope. The results were as follows: 1) The rabbit TMJ meniscus consisted of thick anterior and posterior band running different way, and comparative thin intermediate band runining antero-posteriorly. 2) Round oval shape chondrocyte-like cells were imbeded between the collagen fiber bundles and composed of proteoglycan granules, that showed metachromasia with toluidine blue, around the cell matrix. 3) Type II collagen fiber bundles in experimental group occured degenerative changes in organic patterns at 8 weeks, but those of type I collagen fiber bundles sustained longer, 4) The typical fibrocartilage of the rabbit TMJ meniscus was changed into fibrotic mode in process of time and showed the degenerative changes, which contained hyperplasia, calcification, resorption and hyalinization in the connective tissue. 5) The hyperplastic change of the synovial membrane in 4 week group and transitional change from fibrocyte to chondrocyte in cell type in 8 week group were observed. 6) The diameters of collagen fibers were diminished with the degenerative changes, the shape of the fibers became wavier and more nonorganic in running pattern and fiber bundle spaces widened.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.29-33
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• 2011

Research about the geometry design of lead pin was carried based on the normal or shear stress of the interface between a lead pin and a PCB in terms of delamination failure. The taguchi method with four design factors of three levels and FEA(Finite element Analysis) are carried under $20^{\circ}$ bending and 50 ${\mu}m$ tension of lead pin. The contact width, d2, between head round and copper pad in PCB is the highest affection factor among design factors by analysis of contribution analysis. Equivalent von Mises stress of 18.7% reduction design is obtained by the parameter design of the taguchi method. Maximum normal stress occurred at contact position between solder outer surface and a Cu pad in PCB. Also, maximum shear stress happened at contact position between solder outer surface and SR layer of PCB. From these calculated results, delamination of the PGA package may be occurred from outer interface of solder to inner interface of solder.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.173-175
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• 2016

Chondroid syringoma is a rare mixed tumor of the skin which is composed of both mesenchymal and epithelial cells. Its incidence at less than 0.1% and is frequently located on the head and neck. Chondroid syringoma is easily confused with epidermal cysts. Since malignant forms of chondroid syringoma have been reported, accurate and timely diagnosis is important for proper management. We report clinical and histological features of chondroid syringoma in 5 patients treated at our institution. In most of the cases, chondroid syringoma presented as a round, firm, nodular or cystic lesion that had well marginated heterogeneity in sonography. Clinically, all of the lesions were removed by simple excision. Microscopically, all five tumors were well circumscribed and consisted of epithelial, myoepithelial, and stromal components. The epithelial component formed tubules lined by one or more rows of eosinophilic epithelial cells. The outer layer of tubules appeared to be flattened myoepithelial cells. The stroma is myxoid and contained spindle shaped myoepithelial cells. We expect that the clinical, sonographic, and histological data from our report may help clinicians who are confronted with various kinds of analogous facial lesions to decide the most proper management for their patients.