• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.103-110
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• 2004

Among accessaries, headwear is important to protect one's face and head from the sun, wind and cold. This study was performed to provide fundamental data on college female students' head shape by classifying their head shapes and by analyzing the characteristics of each head shape in order to improve the fitness of headwear. The subjects were 193 Korean college female students. The subjects were directly measured anthropometrically and indirectly analyzed photo-graphically. By direct and indirect measurement, 5 factors were extracted through factor analysis and those factors comprised 76.34% of the total variance. 3 clusters as their head shape were categorized using 5 factor scores by cluster analysis. Type 1 was characterized by long head type and having smallest head thickness and head girth. Type 2 had average size and the most round-head type. Type 3 was characterized by short head type and the largest head thickness and head girth.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.9 no.12
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• pp.123-128
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• 2018

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of the action observation and visual feedback on the alignment, pain and function of forward head posture(FHP) and round shoulder(RS). A total of 24 participants with FHP and RSP were randomly assigned to general exercise(GE, n=8), action observation(AO, n=8), and visual feedback(VF, n=8). All subjects were exercised three times a week for four weeks. The groups were assessed for craniovertebral angle(CVA), round shoulder posture(RSP), visual analog scale(VAS), and neck disability index(NDI) before and after exercise, There was a significant difference in CVA in the GE, AO and RSP, VAS and NDI were significantly different in all groups. AO was more effective than GE, VF for VAS. The results of this study suggest that action observation may be effective to improve the FHP and RS.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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• v.14C no.3 s.113
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• pp.277-284
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• 2007

The routing algorithm many used in the wireless sensor network features the clustering method to reduce the amount of data transmission from the energy efficiency perspective. However, the clustering method results in high energy consumption at the cluster head node. Dynamic clustering is a method used to resolve such a problem by distributing energy consumption through the re-selection of the cluster head node. Still, dynamic clustering modifies the cluster structure every time the cluster head node is re-selected, which causes energy consumption. In other words, the dynamic clustering approaches examined in previous studies involve the repetitive processes of cluster head node selection. This consumes a high amount of energy during the set-up process of cluster generation. In order to resolve the energy consumption problem associated with the repetitive set-up, this paper proposes the Round-Robin Cluster Header (RRCH) method that fixes the cluster and selects the head node in a round-robin method The RRCH approach is an energy-efficient method that realizes consistent and balanced energy consumption in each node of a generated cluster to prevent repetitious set-up processes as in the LEACH method. The propriety of the proposed method is substantiated with a simulation experiment.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.35-52
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• 1994

In order to operate the computerized traffic signal system, it requires the detectors which ensure the exact detections of actual traffic data (e.g., traffic volume, occupancy and velocity of vehicles). The octagonal detectors are used currently in Korea. However, the maintenance of the detectors has many problems with the road repairs and the constructions on the pavement, and failure due to the disconnection of the wires. Serious delay due to the long installation time of loops also causes the traffic disturbances. The low sensitivities and splash-over effect can sometimes create error data after installation of the octagonal loops. The mai purpose of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of domestic use of the round (circular) inductive loops which developed recently in U.S.A. It was found that the round loops are comparable to the existing octagonal loops. In addition, the use of the high quality of materials in the round loop system can reduce the current problems and weakpoints of the octagonal loops. The installation cost of the round loop was found out as economic as the octagonal loop. The installation time of the round loop system can be reduced with the specially equipped loop truck, and wide/deep slots without sharp corners can extend the durability without serious stress of loop head wires. In conclusion, the round loop is superior to the octagonal type in overall points. It is recommended that the localization of the materials and equipments of round loop system is required to carry out the extensive local installations. Also, several contractors to meet the nationwide demand should be arranged to gurantee the proper maintenance and operation of the systems.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.356-375
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to understand the characteristics and cultural values of the headdress among Chinese minorities with diverse ethnic cultures, and to provide various data on the design of clothing accessories. Theoretical considerations about ethnic minorities were addressed through literature and prior research, with data being collected using literature and websites. The results are as follows. First, the most common type of headdress is the horizontal type, which includes the head style, headband, and head scarf. The second most common is the cylinder type, which is a headdress with variations in the shape of a round hat, and has is evident among various minorities. Third, the pagoda type is decorated with ornaments mounted on top of a round shape. Fourth, the square crown type is a piece of wood as a material for a form of the material and for a variety of jewelry and the production of up to meet the women's head of the jewelry. Fifth, head belt-type ornaments consist of a headband and fancy bead ornaments from the bottom of the head. Mongol women usually wear an exaggerated form of this type. Sixth, the head cover type is a head decoration influenced by the dress code of Muslim women. Seventh is the disc type of crown shape worn by the Dai. Next, the ogival type is a cone-shaped headdress hat most commonly seen as head ornament hat among the Dai. Lastly, the sailboat type is the most exaggerated form of hair ornaments found among ethnic minorities.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.63 no.7
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• pp.164-175
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• 2013

This study examined the Yemou(a hat for a dead woman) from the ladies' clothes excavated from the Lady Lee's tomb in order to trace the significance of the clothing composition and its social origin in the Chosun dynasty. The compositional characteristic of Yemou covers the body of the hat which is not connected with the cover, Wonsal which has a round shape that covers the face of the dead body, and two Gae(a ribbon on the backside of a hat). Seongho Lee-ik(one of representative Confucian scholars in the Chosun dynasty) stated in his book entitled "Seongho Notes", that the structural elements of Yemou originated in Yum(wrapping cloth for the head of a dead body). According to Seongho, Yemou's body part came from the scarf used to cover the head. Wonsal(the cloth of round shape for covering the face) and Gae were derived from Yum made of two ends of long cloth for covering and binding the head of a dead body. Yongjae Kim-kunhang(one of Confucian scholars in the late-Chosun dynasty) demonstrated in his "Yongjae Collection" the social background of the emergence of Yemou. Yemou was the hat produced from the process of nationalizing the Chinese courtesy of clothing. In other words, Bokgun(a man's hat) in the Chosun dynasty replaced the Chinese Yum. Unlike the Chinese custom, man and woman in the Chosun dynasty wore different clothes respectively. According to the clothing custom of the Chosun dynasty a woman wore a female hat, Yemou instead of men's Bokgun.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.12 no.11
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• pp.1609-1622
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• 2009

In wireless sensor networks, a clustering protocol is an efficient method to prolong network lifetime. In general, it results in more energy consumption at the cluster-head node. Hence, such a protocol must changes the cluster formation and cluster-head node in each round to prolong the network lifetime. But, this method also causes large amount of energy consumption during the set-up process of cluster formation. In order to improve energy efficiency, in this paper, we propose a new clustering algorithm. In this algorithm, we exclude duplicated data of adjacent nodes and transmits the threshold value. We define a group as the sensor nodes within close proximity of each other. In a group, a node senses and transmits data at a time on the round-robin basis. In a view of whole network, group is treated as one node. During the setup phase of a round, intra clusters are formed first and then they are re-clustered(network cluster) by choosing cluster-heads(group). In the group with a cluster-head, every member node plays the role of cluster-head on the round-robin basis. Hence, we can lengthen periodic round by a factor of group size. As a result of analysis and comparison, our scheme reduces energy consumption of nodes, and improve the efficiency of communications in sensor networks compared with current clustering methods.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.39-51
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• 2012

Purpose: Thisstudy was conducted with an aim to get a kind of prioritiesin developing the evidence-based nursing practice guidelines in fields. Methods: This study utilized a two-round Delphi surveys from November to December, 2010 with self-administered questionnaires which had a scale ranged from 0 to 9. A total of 95 head nurses working at the forty different general hospitals was asked to evaluate the priorities in four criteria; patient coverage, certainty, improvement in patient outcome and in nursing practice (first round) and 65 head nurses were asked to decide the importance of the criteria afterwards (second round). Results: The relative importance of 4 criteria was 22.3% in patient coverage, 26.5% in certainty, 23.5% in improvement of patient outcome, and 27.7% in improvement of nursing practice as the results of the 1st round and 20.6%, 26.6%, 24.8%, and 28.0% for the 2nd round, respectively. Top five nursing practices showed high scores after considering the relative importances of the 4 criteria were medication, intravenous therapy, checking vital sign, pain management, and diagnostic test or procedures care. Conclusion: It is recommended to take into account of the priorities that were found in this study when someone intends to develop a evidence-based nursing practice guideline.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.223-227
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• 2010

In this paper, we present a QoS-aware MAC protocol (QA-MAC) for cluster based wireless sensor networks (WSNs). QA-MAC is a TDMA-based scheduling protocol that minimizes the energy consumption in multi-hop WSNs and provides Quality of Service (QoS). A dynamic scheduling algorithm according to the number of member nodes, node traffics, and traffic priorities is suggested. The selected cluster head allocates time slots for all member nodes in the first TDMA schedule period of each round. During the second schedule period in each round, the cluster head makes a schedule for all data transmission. The proposed QA-MAC (QoS-Aware MAC) could save energy, reduce transmission delay, and support QoS.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.359-364
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• 1999

Recent advances in intracytoplasmic sperm (ICSI) and round spermatid injection (ROSI) would provide exciting opportunities not only for the male infertility but also for studying gamete physiology during fertilization and early development. Furthermore, intracytoplasmic sperm injection could be used to produce transgenic animal (Perry et al., 1999). However, it is not clear in the fertilization processes in mammalian oocytes following intracytoplasmic injection of spermatozoon, isolated sperm head or round spermatid. (omitted)