• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Structure & Construction
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• v.34 no.9
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• pp.3-10
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• 2018

While computer environments have been dramatically developed in recent years, as the building structures become larger, the structural analysis models are also becoming more complex. So there is still a need to model one shear wall with one finite element. From the viewpoint of the concept of FEA, if one shear wall is modeled by one finite element, the result of analysis is not likely accurate. Shear wall may be modelled with various finite elements. Among them, considering the displacement compatibility condition with the beam element connected to the shear wall, plane stress element with in-plane rotational stiffness is preferred. Therefore, in order to analyze one shear wall with one finite element accurately, it is necessary to evaluate finite elements developed for the shear wall analysis and to develop various plane stress elements with rotational stiffness continuously. According to the above mentioned need, in this study, the theory about a plane stress element using hierarchical interpolation equation is reviewed and stiffness matrix is derived. And then, a computer program using this theory is developed. Developed computer program is used for numerical experiments to evaluate the analysis results using commercial programs such as SAP2000, ETABS, PERFORM-3D and MIDAS. Finally, the deflection equation of a cantilever beam with narrow rectangular section and bent by an end load P is derived according to the elasticity theory, and it is used to for comparison with theoretical solution.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.471-486
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• 2022

The effect of segmental joints is one of main importance for the segmental lining design when tunnels are excavated by a mechanized process. In this paper, segmental tunnel linings are analyzed by two numerical methods, namely the Beam-Spring Method (BSM) and the Solid-Interface Method (SIM). For this purpose, the Tehran Subway Line 6 Tunnel is considered to be the reference case. Comprehensive 2D numerical simulations are performed considering the soil's calibrated plastic hardening model (PH). Also, an advanced 3D numerical model was used to obtain the stress relaxation value. The SIM numerical model is conducted to calculate the average rotational stiffness of the longitudinal joints considering the joints bending moment distribution and joints openings. Then, based on the BSM, a sensitivity analysis was performed to investigate the influence of the ground rigidity, depth to diameter ratios, slippage between the segment and ground, segment thickness, number of segments and pattern of joints. The findings indicate that when the longitudinal joints are flexible, the soil-segment interaction effect is significant. The joint rotational stiffness effect becomes remarkable with increasing the segment thickness, segment number, and tunnel depth. The pattern of longitudinal joints, in addition to the joint stiffness ratio and number of segments, also depends on the placement of longitudinal joints of the key segment in the tunnel crown (similar to patterns B and B').

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.27 no.7
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• pp.94-100
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• 2010

This paper describes the design and evaluation procedure of an ultra-precision rotary table for freeform generating machined tools. Design of the thrust and journal hydrostatic bearings and experimental evaluation of the table were performed. To get the compact size and less lost motion direct drive servomotor with ultra precision encoder. From the considered design, following performance were confirmed by experiment. The total stiffness of the prototype rotary table was 483.6 $N/{\mu}m$ and 97.6 $N/{\mu}m$ for axial and radial direction, respectively. Rotational accuracy of the table was investigated by capacitive sensor and reversal measurement technique, and 0.10 ${\mu}m$ radial direction and 0.05 ${\mu}m$ axial direction of the rotational accuracy were confirmed. The micro resolution of the table was also investigated with displacement of capacitive sensor, and $0.5/10000^{\circ}$ of micro resolution was confirmed. Index accuracy of the table was evaluated by the autocollimator and polygon mirror, and the $\pm0.39$ arcsec accuracy and $\pm0.16$ arcsec repeatability of the table were confirmed. Those are under the general requirements of ultra precision rotary tables for freeform generating machined tools.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.40-49
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• 1996

The problem related to the rotational vibration at steering wheel end of passenger cars during high speed driving is investigated. to analyze vibration of steering wheel, a steering system of passenger car is modelled in twelve degrees of freedom including backlash effect of rack and pinion gear system. The one degree of freedom system with backlash in investigated by the analytical method. Consequently the skeleton curve and the frequency response curves are computed. The steering system is analyzed by the numerical simulation using the 4th order Runge-Kutta method, the obtained results are compared with the experimental data. Also the effects of the change of rack gear tooth stiffness and backlash on the acceleration level of steering wheel are investigated. As a result, it can be found that the acceleration level of steering wheel becames lower as the rack gear tooth stiffness becames higher, and that acceleration level becames high as the magnitude of backlash between rack and pinion gear increase.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.69-80
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to propose an analytical model for the simulation of the hysteretic behavior of RC (reinforced concrete) beam-column subassemblages under various loading histories. The discrete line element with inelastic rotational springs is adopted to model the different locations of the plastic hinging zone. The hysteresis model can be adopted for a dynamic two-dimensional inelastic analysis of RC frame structures. From the analysis of test results it is found that the stiffness deterioration caused by inelastic loading can be simulated with a function of basic pinching coefficients, ductility ratio and yield strength ratio of members. A new strength degradation coefficient is proposed to simulate the inelastic behavior of members as a function of the transverse steel spacing and section aspect ratio. The energy dissipation capacities calculated using the proposed model show a good agreement with test results within errors of 27%.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.388-391
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• 2006

In the development of sheet-handling machinery, it is important to predict the static and dynamic behavior of the sheets with a high degree of reliability because the sheets are fed and stacked at such a high speed. Flexible media behaves geometric nonlinearity of large displacement and small strain. In this paper, static and dynamic analyses of flexible media are performed by FEM considering geometric nonlinearity. Linear stiffness matrix and geometric nonlinear stiffness matrix based on the Co-rotational(CR) approach are derived and numerical simulations are performed by Updated Newton-Raphson(UNR) method and Newmark integration scheme.

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 1999.10a
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• pp.403-410
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• 1999

General1y, H-section is used for columns and beams in the middle and low steel building, But it has a strong and weak axis. Thus if H-section is used for columns, the structure needs reinforcement on the weak axis. Therefore recently, square holler section(S.H.S) is used for columns because it is able to coiler the vulnerability of H-section. Structural analysis is usually executed under the assumption that connections are either ideally pinned joint or fully rigid joint. Actually all connections are semi-rigid which possess a rotational stiffness. Therefore it can be designed economically as using the property of connections which has a rotational stiffness. This paper presents a prediction model curve which is fitted Kishi-Chen power Model about the behavior of connection between H-beam and S.H.S column. Non-linear analysis program was considered the non-linearity of semi-rigid connection and the geometrical non-linearity under the effect of axial force. It was programed by FORTRAN90 and Visual Basic.

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 1997.10a
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• pp.111-118
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• 1997

Generally, H-section is used for columns and beams in the middle and low building steel structure, But it has a axis and a weak axis. Thus if H-section is used for columns, the structure needs reinforcement on the weak axis. Therefore recently, square hollow section(S.H.S) is used for columns because it is able to cover the vulnerability of H-section. Structural analysis is usually executed under the assumption that connections are either ideally pinned joint or fully joint. Actually all connections are semi-rigid which possess a rotational stiffness. Therefore it can be designed economically as using the property of connections which has a rotational stiffness. This paper presents a prediction model curve which is fitted with Kishi-Chen Power Model about the behavior of connection between H-beam and S.H.S column in the previous experimental paper. It also suggests the new analysis algorithm considering the non-linear of semi-rigid connection and the geometrical non-linear under the effect of axial force.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.593-606
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• 2010

This paper presents a formulation to include the prestressing effects in available numerical models for the nonlinear material, instantaneous and long-term analysis of prestressed concrete shell structures, based on the displacement formulation of the finite element method. A four-node flat shell element is adopted for nonlinear analysis of prestressed concrete shells. This element was incorporated into an existing general-purpose finite element analysis program. A distinctive characteristic of the element is its capability to simulate the behavior of shells subjected to a variety of types of loading and drilling rotational stiffness. Consequently, the response of prestressed concrete shell structures can be predicted accurately using the proposed nonlinear finite element procedure.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.199-223
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• 2003

The formulation of a non-linear shear deformable shell element is presented for the solution of stability problems of stiffened plates and shells. The formulation of the geometrical stiffness presented here is exactly defined on the midsurface and is efficient for analyzing stability problems of thick plates and shells by incorporating bending moment and transverse shear resultant force. As a result of the explicit integration of the tangent stiffness matrix, this formulation is computationally very efficient in incremental nonlinear analysis. The element is free of both membrane and shear locking behaviour by using the assumed strain method such that the element performs very well in the thin shells. By using six degrees of freedom per node, the present element can model stiffened plate and shell structures. The formulation includes large displacement effects and elasto-plastic material behaviour. The material is assumed to be isotropic and elasto-plastic obeying Von Mises's yield condition and its associated flow rules. The results showed good agreement with references and computational efficiency.