• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.83-89
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• 2006

The main aim of this study was to characterize the pharmacological profile of flavonoids utilizing behavioral tests and to investigate how the psychopharmacological activities of wogonin, baicalein and oroxylin A are different. Wogonin, baicalein and oroxylin A were intraperitoneally injected as dosages of 2.5, 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg. In the locomotor activity, Rota-rod test, and elevated plus-maze tests, the behavioral parameters were analyzed by automatic systems. Thiopental induced sleeping time was measured. Water extract of S. baicalensis didn't exhibit sedative effect. Wogonin and bacalein exhibited anxiolytic activity although it was less potent than buspirone. Wogonin and baicalein decreased locomotor activity at a dose of 10 mg/kg. Wogonin also shortened significantly running time on the rota-rod at doses of 5 and 10 mg/kg. Wogonin and baicalein enhanced sleeping at doses of 5 and 10 mg/kg. These results indicate that wogonin produce anxiolysis with sedation and so did bacalein with mild sedation. On the contrary, oroxylin A enhanced running activity on the rotarod and did't depress locomotor activity. Oroxylin A significantly hindered sleeping rather than helped it at doses of 5 and 10 mg/kg. Oroxylin A didn't produce anxiolysis and instead, produce awakening effect. This study demonstrates that wogonin and bacalein exhibited anxiolytic activity with mild sedation, but oroxylin A didn't produce anxiolysis and instead, produce awakening effect. This result indicates that anxiolytic effect without sedation induced by Scutellaria baicalensis is produced by combination of flavonoids.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.450-456
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• 2019

Taurine has a number of beneficial pharmacological actions in the brain such as anxiolytic and neuroprotective actions. We explored to test whether taurine could be transported to the central nervous system through the intranasal route. Following intranasal administration of taurine in mice, elevated plus maze test, activity cage test and rota rod test were carried out to verify taurine's effect on anxiety. For the characterization of potential mechanism of taurine's anti-anxiety action, mouse convulsion tests with strychnine, picrotoxin, yohimbine, and isoniazid were employed. A significant increase in the time spent in the open arms was observed when taurine was administered through the nasal route in the elevated plus maze test. In addition, vertical and horizontal activities of mice treated with taurine via intranasal route were considerably diminished. These results support the hypothesis that taurine can be transported to the brain through intranasal route, thereby inducing anti-anxiety activity. Taurine's anti-anxiety action may be mediated by the strychnine-sensitive glycine receptor as evidenced by the inhibition of strychnine-induced convulsion.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1996.04a
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• pp.241-241
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• 1996

새로운 항암성 백금(II)착제 SA: ([Pt( trans-1-dach) (DPPE)]ㆍ2NO$_3$, SB: [Pt (cis-dach)(DPPP)]ㆍ2NO$_3$, SC: [Pt(cis-dach)(DPPE)]ㆍ2NO$_3$에 대한 일반 약리작용이 rat, mouse 및 rabbit에서 검토되었다. Rota-rod test에 의한 운동 협조능, thiopental-Na의 수면 작용, 현수에 의한 근이완 작용, 정상체온, strychnine 유발 경련, 담즙분비, 수정관, 자궁각, 피부혈관 투과성, 국소마취, 용혈 및 심전도에 대하여 SA, SB. SC는 별다른 영향을 미치지 않았단. 적출회장과 십이지장에 대하여 SA는 수축반응을 나타내었으나 SB와 SC는 하등의 영향이 없었으며 혈액 응고에 대하여 SA는 prothrombine time을 단축시켰으나 SB, SC는 별다른 영향이 없었고 호흡에 대해서는 SA, SB, SC 다같이 호흡수를 억제하였다. 적출심장 기능에 대하여 SA, SB, SC 다같이 고농도에서 억제적으로 작용하였다.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.171-181
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• 1989

We have studied some effects of the SOYANGIN-HYEONGBANGPAEDOK-SAN (S.H.P.). Several empirical remarks, depending on the different treatments, are investigated through this study as follow; 1. The Analgesic effects of S.H.P. are remarked by Acetic acid method in mice, 100 and 300mg/kg (Sample II, III), 2. The Antipyretic effect of S.H.P. are remarked by yeast method in rats, 100 and 300mg/kg (Sample II, III). 3. The inhibitory effects of S.H.P. on strychnine induced convulsion in mice is remarked. However the inhibitory effects of S.H.P. on picrotoxin induced convulsion in mice is not observed. 4. The effects of S.H.P. on muscle relaxation in mice, using the Rota-Rod test, is remarked on 1,2,3 hours by 300mg/kg (Sample III).

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.1134-1139
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• 2004

This study was conducted to investigate the application possibility of leaf and stem extract(LSE) from the mixture of leaf and stem of ginseng radix(Panax Ginseng CA Meyer). This study measured antifatigue effects by rota-rod test and swimming test. Also we examined the cell toxicity in normal liver and kidney cells, and acute toxicity in mice. Dropping times of LSE treated group decreased about 39-83% compared to the control group according to supplementation intake levels. Swimming time in LSE treated group increased compared to the control group at short and long supplementation. Negative effects were not found from the results of the cell toxicity. Also acute toxicity not shown. These results imply that the leaf and stem of ginseng radix could be used as possible food resources and functional food material and feed stuff.

• 한국체육학회지인문사회과학편
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• v.58 no.4
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• pp.481-492
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of treadmill exercise on cerebellar astrocyte activation and purkinje cells, neurotrophic factors expression, and motor function in aged rats. Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were used and divided into three groups; (1) Young Control Group (YCG; 3months aged, n=10); (2) Old Control Group; (OCG; 24months aged, n=10); (3) Old Exercise Group (OEG; 24months aged, n=10). Rats were then subjected to treadmill exercise for 5 days per week for 12 weeks during which time the speed of the treadmill was gradually increased. The results revealed that in the rota-rod test, motor function was significantly increased in the OEG compared to the OCG (p<.05), and similarly YCG. Number of calbindin-positive purkinje cell expression significantly increased in the cerebellar vermis of OEG compared to the OCG (p<.05), and similarly YCG. GFAP-, NMDAR-positive cell expression significantly increased in the OEG (respectively p<.001), GFAP and GLAST protein levels were significantly increased in the cerebellum of OEG compared to the OCG (p<.05, p<.001) and similarly YCG. BDNF and NGF protein levels were highest in the YCG, increased in the OEG compared to OCG (p<.001, p<.05). These result show that regular exercise not only improved astrocyte activation, but also increased purkinje cell expression in the cerebellum and motor function by increasing the neurotrophic factors in aged rats.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.184-189
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• 1996

General pharmacological studies of LB20304a (a mesylate salt form of a new quinolone antibiotic LB20304 following oral administration of 300 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg, almost maximum tolerance dose in mice and rat, respectively, were performed in terms of effects on general behaviour, central nervous system, gastrointestinal system, and blood coagulation system in mice and rats. With regards to general behaviour of mice, at oral dose of 300 mg/kg, LB20304a reduced muscle tone and locomotor activity. In terms of CNS, at oral treatment of 300 mg/kg, LB20304a showed some analgesic effects in mice, and oral dose of 1000 mg/kg caused drop in normal body temperature of rat, while it enhanced the pentylenetetrazole-induced clonic convulsion to tonic convulsion and/or death in mice at the doses of unto 300 mg/kg. In addition, LB20304a increased hexobarbital-induced sleeping time two and three times in mice at oral doses of 20 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg, respectively. Rota-rod and traction test in mice were not influenced by the dose of 300 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg, respectively. LB20304a reduced gastric secretion of rat at dose of 1000 mg/kg, and increased intestinal motility of mice at dose of 300 mg/kg. In rats, blood coagulation index, such as PT (prothrombin time) and aPTT (activated partial thromboplastin time) were not affected by the treatment of upto 1000 mg/kg of LB 20304a.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.56 no.6
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• pp.401-406
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• 2012

Previously, we identified that Cirsium japonicum (CJ) extract posses antidepressant properties. In order to look for the optimal hebal preparation, CJ extracts collected from Koheung, Yesan, Cheju, Pyungchang and Pocheon were compared. The psychopharmacological activities of each extract were investigated using the open field test, the rota-rod test and the forced swimming test. Effect of each extract on $Cl^-$ influx in neuroblastoma cells were also identified. All of the extracts were orally administered at dosages of 50, 100, 200, 400 mg/kg of body weight. Supplementation of CJ did not significantly alter psychomotor behaviors such as movement, rearing frequency and total turn angle on the open field. Supplementation of CJ's extract from Pyungchang (100 mg/kg, p.o.), Cheju (200 and 400 mg/kg p.o.) and Yesan (100 and 200 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly decreased immobile duration and increased mobile duration in the forced swimming test. All of extracts have no influence on NE uptake in HEK-293 cells, but increased $Cl^-$ influx in neuroblastoma cell. The extract from Yesan demonstrated the most potent effect on $Cl^-$ influx. These results indicate that CJ's extracts from Pyungchang, Cheju and Yesan may alleviate depression, and the extract from Yesan may be the most effective preparation.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.113-119
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• 2007

Developmental disability shows life-long behavioral abnormality with no significant physical malformation. This study was undertaken to develop an animal model for developmental disability by using two-factor approach. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a bacterial toxin, and NAN-190, a $5-HT_{1A}$ receptor antagonist, were administered to Sprague-Dawley rats on postnatal day (PND) 5 to induce inflammation and an altered 5-HT system, respectively. Long-term alteration of behavior occurred in the drug-treated groups. The LPS-treated group showed impaired motor coordination in the Rota-rod test. The LPS- treated or both LPS and NAN-190-treated groups showed impaired fore-paw muscle power in the wire maneuver test. These groups also showed decreased white matter volume and increased serotonergic fibers. The LPS and NAN-190-treated group also exhibited neurologic deficit in the placing reaction test and impaired equilibrium function in the tilt table test. The results showed that a variety of altered behaviors can be generated by two factor model, and suggested that combination of important etiologic factors and possible underlying defects is a promising strategy of establishing an animal model for developmental disabilities.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.277-283
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• 2018

Objectives: Ethanol withdrawal following its chronic use is a serious outcome and challenging to treatment. The chronic use of ethanol induces a progressive neuroplasticity in different reigns of brain. In this study we evaluated the effects of aqueous extract of Crocus sativus L. (saffron) and its active compound, crocin, on the withdrawal behavior induced after repeated administration of ethanol, in two regimens of prophylactic (administration of drugs concomitant with the induction of dependence) and treatment (administration of drugs during the period of ethanol withdrawal) in mice which received ethanol. Methods: Ethanol dependence was induced by oral administration of 10% v/v ethanol (2 g/kg) for 7 days. The aqueous extracts of saffron (40, 80 and 160) and crocin (10, 20 and 40 mg/kg) were administered to mice in two regimens of prophylactic (along with ethanol) and treatment (during withdrawal period). Diazepam (1 mg/kg) was used as a positive control. Six hours after discontinuation of the ethanol, seizure was evaluated by the sub-convulsive dose of pentyleneltetrazole (PTZ) (30 mg/kg). The open field test and Rota rod test were used for evaluation of locomotor activity and motor incoordination, respectively. Results: Both extracts and crocin increased the number of crossed lined in the open field test. PTZ kindling seizure was inhibited in animals received extract (80 and 160 mg/kg) in both regimens. Motor incoordination was only improved following administration of crocin. Conclusion: The aqueous extract of saffron and crocin can be considered as safe agents and reliable alternative to diazepam in management of ethanol withdrawal syndrome.