• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제94권4호통권161호
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• pp.281-286
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• 2005

수목은 뿌리에 의한 토양수분의 제거와 기계적인 보강효과를 통해 토괴가 사면 하부로 이동하는 것을 막아 안정하게 하는 역할을 한다. 본 연구는 자연사면상에서 이런 보강효과를 정량화하기 위해, 표준사에 다른 형태로 수목의 뿌리를 내재시켜 직접전단시험을 실시하였으며, 공시뿌리로서는 잣나무가 이용되었다. 실험은 뿌리가 내재된 것과 그렇지 않은 토양에서 실시하였으며, 여러 수준의 수직구속 압력에서 최대 전단저항력을 측정하였다. 뿌리에 의해 증가된 토양전단저항력은 측정된 토양의 내부마찰각과 점착력 등의 토양변수를 이용하여 계산하였으며, 전단상자내의 뿌리배열에 의한 효과도 함께 분석하였다. 실험결과 전단저항력은 뿌리의 개수와 직경이 증가할수록 증가하였으며, 뿌리의 배열 형태가 십자 배열일 때 가장 큰 효과를 나타내었다. 또한 실험을 통해 확인한 전통적인 토양보강 모델과의 비교에서는 기존 모델의 선형성으로 실제 실험 결과와 일치하지 않는 경향을 나타내었다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.41-54
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• 2011

Tree roots can enhance soil shear strength and slope stability. However, there has been a limited study about root reinforcement of major tree species in Korea because of some experimental difficulties. Thus, this study was conducted to analyze the performance of Japanese larch (Larix kaempferi) and Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis) which are two common plantation species in Korea. Profile wall method was used to measure the spatial distribution of root system and its diameter within 15 soil walls of Japanese larch stand and 13 soil walls of Korean pine stand in Taehwa University Forest, Seoul National University, Korea. Root tensile properties of each species were assessed in the laboratory, and root reinforcements were estimated by Wu model. The study observed that the number and cross-sectional area (CSA) of root in both species could tend to decrease with soil depth. Especially, CSA were well-fitted to exponential functions of soil depth. Mean root area ratios (RAR) were 0.03% and 0.10% for Japanese larch and Korean pine, respectively. Estimated root reinforcement from Wu model were, on the average, 4.04 kPa for Japanese larch and 12.26 kPa for Korean pine. Overall, it was concluded that root reinforcement increased the factor of safety (Fs) of slope for small-scale landslide as the result of two-dimensional (2-D) infinite slope stability analysis considering vegetation effects.

• 한국지반공학회지:지반
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.51-66
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• 1991

자연사면의 안정성해석에 있어서, 뿌리는 보강재로써의 역할을 행함이 인식 되어져 왔다. 자연사 면의 잠정적 인 파괴면을 관통하는 뿌리의 인장강도에 의 해 발생하는 흙의 전단저 항의 증가량을 예측하기 위하여 본 연구에서는 흙과 뿌리의 새로운 상호작용 모델을 제안하였다. 이를 위하여 첫째로, 수과 뿌리의 합성체에 대해 실내실험과 현장실험을 실시하고 본 실험의 결과와 기존의 흙과 뿌리의 상호작용 이론적 모델과 비교 검토하여 수정 된 구과 뿌리의 상호작용 모델을 제안하였다. 이와 아울 러, 뿌리의 무작위한 분포 및 강도특성을 고려한, 통계적인 이론에 바탕을 둔 확률론적 뿌리보강 모델을 제안하였다. 끝으로, 자연사면의 안정에 미치는 뿌리보강의 효과를 알아보기 위하여 간단한 3차원 사면 안정성해석을 수행한 결과, 자연사면에서의 뿌리보강은 깊은 파괴보다는 얇은 파괴에 대 해 중대한 영향을 미침을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.314-327
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• 1997

점적 관개시 근권에서의 토양 수분 이동 현상을 2차원 원통 좌표를 이용하여 모델링 하였다. 엽면 증산, 다양한 형태의 지면 증발, 관개율의 증가로 인한 지면에서의 물 고임 현상등을 고려하였다. 모델은 유한 차분법을 이용한 수치해로 풀었다. 여러가지 비교의 결과로부터 본 연구에서 개발된 모델은 근권에서의 토양 수분 이동 현상을 잘 묘사한다고 볼 수 있었다. 모델의 민감도 분석을 통해서 몇가지 유익한 사실을 발견하였다. 토양 수분이 연직 방향으로 이동하는 속도가 더 큰 것으로 보아 자동 관개용 토양 수분 측정 센서를 설치할 경우, 관개점의 연직하방이 좋은 측점임을 알 수 있었다. 습윤대의 형태가 단지(pot) 모양으로 되는 것은 지면 증발로 인한것임을 알 수 있었다. 또한, 토양의 포화 수리 전도도가 습윤대의 확산에 큰 영향을 주는 것을 알 수 있었고, 관개 중단 후에도 연직 방향의 확산은 계속됨을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.29-39
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• 1993

A model for estimating daily effective rainfall of upland crops was developed. The infiltration process was described by Green-Ampt infiltration model developed by Chu(1978). The model considers delayed surface ponding and surface detention storage under a uniform soil profile. The Green-Ampt parameters, that is, average hydraulic conductivity and average capillary pressure head on a sandy loam soil were determined from field experiment using Air-entry permeameter developed by Bouwer(1966). The model was verified by comparing measured and simulated surface runoff. The ratios of effective rainfall to total rainfall for red pepper, soybean, sesame and Chinese cabbage were evaluated using Borg's root growth model( 1986) respectively. The followings are a summary of this study results; 1.In a sandy loam soil average hydraulic conductivity was 3.28cm/hr and average capillary pressure head was 3.00cm. 2.The root growth of upland crops could be expressed by Borg's root growth model successively. 3.The measured and simulated surface runoff was agreed well with each other. 4.As the rainfall amount was increased, the ratio of effective rainfall to total rainfall was decreased exponentially till a certain growing period.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• 제9권
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• pp.109-114
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• 1991

The depth and spread of root systems and the density of root branching affect the success and survival of plants subjected to drought. The type and size of root systems are controlled by heredity and soil conditions. There are also important interaction between roots and shoots; roots are dependent on shoots for carbohydrates, growth regulators, and certain vitamins, and shoots are dependent on roots for water, minerals, and certain growth regulators. Pinus thunbergii Parlatore had most of roots in the top 20cm of soil, and had little short of roots in the less than 80cm of soil. Average of root density was $270cm/cm^3$ in the upper soil(0~20cm). Root density of Pinus thunbergii Parlatore was similar to that of Cryptomeria japonica. There is no saying that Pinus thunbergii Parlatore has an advantage over Cryptomeria japonica in the drought. This data will be used to the root density values in the simulation model of black pine stands.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.60-69
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• 2016

In this study, we estimated root zone soil moisture dynamics using remotely sensed (RS) data. A soil moisture data assimilation scheme was used to derive the soil and root parameters from MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data. Based on the estimated soil/root parameters and weather forcings, soil moisture dynamics were simulated at spatio-temporal scales based on a hydrological model. For calibration/validation, the Little Washita (LW13) in Oklahoma and Chungmi-cheon/Seolma-cheon sites were selected. The derived water retention curves matched the observations at LW 13. Also, the simulated soil moisture dynamics at these sites was in agreement with the Time Domain Reflectrometry (TDR)-based measurements. To test the applicability of this approach at ungauged regions, the soil/root parameters at the pixel where the Seolma-cheon site is located were derived from the calibrated MODIS-based (Chungmi-cheon) soil moisture data. Then, the simulated soil moisture was validated using the measurements at the Seolma-cheon site. The results were slightly overestimated compared to the measurements, but these findings support the applicability of this proposed approach in ungauged regions with predictable uncertainties. These findings showed the potential of this approach in Korea. Thus, this proposed approach can be used to assess root zone soil moisture dynamics at spatio-temporal scales across Korea, which comprises mountainous regions with dense forest.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.174-179
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 사탕무의 시비반응을 합리적으로 해석하고 경제성 있는 최적 시비량 및 최대 수확량의 도출을 위한 방법을 검토하기 위하여 간척지 토양에서 수준별 질소비료와 돈분퇴비의 시용에 따른 사탕무의 시비반응을 조사하였다. 시비반응은 Quadratic model, Exponential model, Square root model 및 Linear response & plateau model을 이용하여 통계적으로 분석하였다. 토양 EC가 증가함에 따라 사탕무 지하부 생체중이 지수함수적으로 감소하였다. 질소비료 시비수준별 사탕무 지하부 생체량의 시비반응은 Linear response에서 결정계수 & plateau model ($R^2$)가 $0.92^{**}$로 고도의 통계적 유의성을 보였으며, Linear response & plateau model에서 최적 질소시비량 ($N_{opt}$)은 138 kg $ha^{-1}$으로 나타났다. 돈분퇴비의 시비반응은 Quadratic model에서 $0.99^{**}$의 유의성 있는 결정계수 ($R^2$)를 보였으며, 최적 퇴비시비량은 각각 9.17 tons $ha^{-1}$으로 나타났다. 상기 결과로 볼 때 사탕무에서 질소와 돈분퇴비의 시비반응을 적절히 평가하기 위해서는 각각 Linear response & plateau model과 Quadratic model을 이용하는 것이 합리적인 것으로 판단되었다.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.113-119
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• 2014

To examine the soil reinforcement by the shrub with shallow root systems for slope stability, we developed insitu apparatus for direct shear test and conducted the insitu field tests for Lespedeza cyrtobotrya, a representative revegetation species for artificial hillslopes. The insitu field tests were conducted for two different soil conditions (the rooted soils and non-rooted soils) and we then compared the experimental values with those calculated from the Wu model. The results showed that the soil reinforcement derived from the insitu field tests ranged from 0.01525 to 0.1438 $kgf/cm^2$ while the one calculated from the Wu model ranged from 0.1952 to 0.2696 $kgf/cm^2$. Our finding suggests more field tests are needed to collect the related parameters in the model application thereby predicting the reliable soil reinforcement by the shrub root systems.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.313-329
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• 2013

Vetiver grass (Vetiveria zizanioides) is being effectively used in many countries to protect embankment and slopes for their characteristics of having long and strong roots. In this paper, in-situ shear tests of the ground with the vetiver roots have been conducted to investigate the stabilization properties corresponding to the embankment slopes. Numerical analyses have also been performed with the finite element method using elastoplastic subloading $t_{ij}$ model, which can simulate typical soil behavior. It is revealed from field tests that the shear strength of vetiver rooted soil matrix is higher than that of the unreinforced soil. The reinforced soil with vetiver root also shows ductile behavior. The numerical analyses capture well the results of the in-situ shear tests. Effectiveness of vetiver root in geotechnical structures-strip foundation and embankment slope has been evaluated by finite element analyses. It is found that the reinforcement with vetiver root enhances the bearing capacities of the grounds and stabilizes the embankment slopes.