• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.17-23
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• 2002

Gibberellic acid (GA) was applied to field-grown 3-year-old North American ginseng (Panax quinqueiolius L.) between 1 and 4 times, before and during bloom in 1999. Applications of both GA$_3$ and GA$\sub$4+7/ four times (x4) to the developing inflorescences increased maximum pedicel length, and seed head diameter and height. Treatment with GA$\sub$4+7/ increased mean and total root fresh weight linearly, whereas those treated with GA$_3$ did not show similar increases. Both GA$_3$ and GA$\sub$4+7/ at 50, 100 and 200 mg L$\^$-1/ (x4) increased the incidence of breaking of dormancy of perennating buds with GA$_3$ being twice as effective as GA$\sub$4+7/. Both GA$_3$ and GA$\sub$4+7/ treatments resulted in an increased number of new bud initials forming per root, with the number of new initials per root increased two-fold by the GA$_3$ sprays compared to GA$\sub$4+7/.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.995-1002
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• 2018

Hairy root culture of ginseng is industrially prospected because the cultivation period of ginseng is relatively long. In this study, the effect of medium concentration and sucrose concentration on hairy root culture of ginseng was evaluated. The optimization of ginseng hairy roots transformed by Agrobacterium rhizogene were performed liquid medium. The MS(Murashinge & Skoog basal medium) concentration was selected with 1/2 strength MS and the optimal sucrose concentration was determined at 2-3%(w/v). At the optimum culture condition, The yield (the ratio of weight of grown hairy root cultures to weight of fresh ginseng hairy roots) and production rate of ginseng root were 19.42 times and 5.73 g/l-day. The major ginsenosides were Rb group, Re and Rg1. The produced total ginsenoside content in the solid medium was 9.87 (mg/g) and increased 1.34 times in the liquid medium (13.23 mg/g). In solid culture, the contents of ginsenosides Rb, Re and Rg1 were 2.14, 3.65 and 1.87 mg/g, respectively. In liquid culture, the contents of ginsenosides Rb, Re and Rg1 were 3.54, 4.12 and 2.63 mg/g, respectively.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.197-202
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• 1989

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of growth medium in pots composed of upland soil(S), rice straw manure(M), carbonated rice hull(CRH), and their mixture on growth of tobacco cv. NC 82. The growth of shoot and root was vigorous in order of medium S+M+CRH>M>CRH>S. In M+S medium, root growth in the part of manure was superior to upland soil. But root growth of upland soil part in M+S plot was more vigorous than that in upland soil only. It is possibly due to be influenced by manure in M+S plot. Total length and weight of root, number of roots, and especially for development of adventitious root were closely related to shoot growth. Roots grown in upland soil part was brownish gray in color, while the roots in manure part was milky white. The milky white colored roots had longer life than others. It was concluded that root zone environments derived from several media in pots closely related to shoot growth and disease tolerance of tobacco plant.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.819-828
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the abrasion-resistance of root surface after NaF iontophoresis, Nd:YAG laser irradiation and combined treatment 50 anterior teeth with flat interproximal root surface that had been extracted due to periodontal destruction were selected. All teeth were treated by the same procedure as conventional periodontal root treatment, such as scaling and root planing, root conditioning with tetracycline HCI(lOOmg/ml, 5min). The pre-treatment weight of each tooth was measured by a dial scale(SHIMADEU Co, LIBROR EB-220HU, capacity 220.000 g, Japan). All teeth were divided into 5 groups as follows: Nd:YAG laser irradiation(group 1, 1 W, 100 mJ, 10Hz, fiberoptic-root surface distance=5mm, $10\;sec.{\times}6times$, EL.EN.EN060, Italy): NaF iontophoresis(group 2, $150{\mu}A$, 4 min}: Nd:YAG laser irradiation following NaF iontophoresis(group 3): NaF iontophoresis following Nd:YAG laser irradiation(group 4): No treatment(control group). Electric toothbrushing (Oral-B, Brown Co, Germany) was conducted during 1 hour($lO\;min.{\times}6\;times$). Subsequently post-treatment weight was remeasured by the same method as pre-treatment weight measurement. The difference of abrasion rate among all groups was statistically analyzed by ANOVA(SAS program). Following results were obtained: 1. The abrasion rate was significantly lower in Nd:YAG laser irradiation group than NaF iontophoresis group(p < 0.001). 2. The abrasion rate was significantly lower in combined groups of Nd:YAG laser irradiation and NaF iontophoresis than either Nd:YAG laser irradiation group or NaF iontophoresis group(p < 0.001). 3. There was no significant difference in abrasion rate according to application order in the combined groups(p > 0.05). 4. The abrasion rate was significantly lower in all experimental groups than control group(p < 0.001). The results suggest that combined treatment of Nd:YAG laser irradiation and NaF iontophoresis on exposed root surface after periodontal therapy can enhance the abrasion-resistance of root surface and may inhibit the root caries development.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.317-326
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• 2002

본 시험은 국내 재래종 정선시호와 일본에서 도입된 삼도시호의 품질과 생산성 향상을 위한 적정 파종시기 및 재식밀도의 구명과 saikosaponin 생산에 기여하는 요인들을 구명하여 시호의 안정적 생산을 위한 기초 자료로 이용하고자 실험을 수행하여 얻어진 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 파종시기와 재식거리에 따른 시호품종간에서 정선시호는 삼도시호보다 분지수는 적었고 초장은 길었다. 1년생의 정선시호는 삼도시호보다 지상부중은 적었고 생근중과 건근중은 높았으며, 2년생에서는 정선시호와 삼도시호간에 유의적인 차이는 없었다. Saikosapon함량은 1년생 또는 2년생의 정선시호가 삼도시호보다 saikosaponin a 및 total saikosaponln함량이 높았다. 2. 파종시기에 따른 생육특성은 1년생이나 2년생의 시호 모두 4월 30일 파종구에서 경태와 분지수가 가장 굵고 많았으며, 1년생 시호에 있어서 파종시기가 빠를수록 saikosaponin c 함량이 높게 나타났다. 3. 1년생 시호는 소식일수록 초장, 경태, 분지수, 지상부중, 그리고 근경, 생근중, 건근중, 지근수 등의 생육이 촉진되었으나 2년생 시호는 소식에서 주근장만 길었다. 4. 품종, 파종시기 및 재식거리에 있어서 상호작용은 1년생 시호만이 지상부중, 주근장, 근경에서 유의적인 차이를 보였다. 1년생의 정선시호는 4월10일에 파종하면서 재식밀도를 $30{\times}15\;cm$로 재배한 것에서 지상부중, 근경 및 TSS 함량이 가장 증가되었으며, 1년생 삼도시호는 3월20일에 재식밀도를 $30{\times}10\;cm$로 재배한 것에서 지상부중과 근경이 가장 높았다.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2001년도 추계정기 학술발표회 초록집
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• pp.49-61
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• 2001

남부지방에서 황금의 맥후작 직파재배시 적정시비량, 파종기, 재식밀도를 구명하여 재배기술을 개선, 보완하고 수량을 증대시켜 안정생산에 기여하고자 여천 재래종을 공시하여 실시한 시험결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1.무비구(N-p,0,-K,0=0-0-0kg/kg10a)의 개화기 7월 20일에 비하여 모든 시비구가 7월 21일～23일로 1 ~2일 늦게 개화하였다. 2. 생육형질인 경장, 경태, 분지수, 주근장, 주근경 생경엽중, 건경업중은 무비 구에 비하여 모든 시비구가 양호하였으나 중비구(N-p,0,-K,0=9-13.5-9kg/10a)에서 더욱 양호하였다. 3. 수량형질인 건근중은 무비구보다 모든 시비구가 양호하였으나 그 중에서 중비구(N-p,0,-K,0=9-13.5-9kg/10a)에서 103당 건근중이 178kg으로 무비구의 126kg에 비하여 41%가 증수되었고 표준시비구(N-p,0,-K,0=6-9-6kg/10a)의 167kg에 비해서는 7%가 증수되었다. 4.출아 소요기간에 있어서 6월 1일 파종은 6월 12일로 11일이 소요되었고 6월 10일 파종은 6월 16일로서 6일이 소요되었으며 6월 20일 파종은 6월 23일로서 3일이 소요되었다 5.개화 소요기간에 있어서 6월 1일 파종은 54일이 경과되어 7월 24일에 개화되었고 6월 10일 파종은 45일이 경과되어 7월 25일에 개화되었으며 6월 20일 파종은 37일이 경과되어 7월 27일에 개화되었다. 6.지상부의 생산물인 주경장, 주경경, 주경절수,분지수 및 건경엽중 모두 6월 1일 파종에서 가장 양호하였다. 7 지하부의 생산물인 주근장, 주근경, 주당상근수 및 건근중 모두 6월 1일 파종에서 가장 양호하였다. 8. 경장은 20$\times$10cm의 밀식 일수록 크고, 30$\times$10cm, 40$\times$10cm의 소식일수록 짧아서 재식주수와 경장은 정의상관이 인정되었다. 9 경직경은 30$\times$10cm, 40$\times$10cm의 소식일수록 크고 20$\times$10cm의 밀식일수록 작았다 10. 수량구성요소인 주근장과 수량인 건근중은 30$\times$10cm, 40$\times$10cm의 재식주수가 적을수록 높아서 재식주수와는 부의 상관이 인정되었다. 11 이상과 같은 결과로 보아 경직경이 크고 주근장이 길어서 10a당 건근중이 많은 30$\times$10cm(33주/$m^2$)가 알맞은 재식거리였다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.190-194
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• 1993

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of concentrated sulfate on the germination rate, growth rate and the productivity of weight of kudzu (Pueraria thwnbergiana Bentham). The germination rate of kudzu seed by one or two treatment retreatment with the concentrated sulfate for minutes of 5. 10, 15 and 20 were determined respectively. The results obtained were summarized as follows; 1. In the time of concentrated sulfate treatment, the germination rate was the highest in the once treatment for 20 minute. and the retreatment was higher than the once treatment in the germination rate. 2. The changes of plant length by growth stage was grown gradually until for 60 day and rapidly after for 60 day. The growth rate was the highest in treatment for 15 minute than in other treatments. 3. The stem diameter. stem weight. fresh weight and root weight by the treatment with sulfate 15 minute as the treatment with once were high degree of productivity. 4. The number of branch. number of nodes and root weight by the growth stage were higher growth rate before for 90 day than after for 90 day, however stem weight and fresh weight were high degree of productivity after for 60 day.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.105-114
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• 1993

Series of studies were conducted to establish biological and chemical control method for Meloidogyne spp to medical herbs by applied of nematophagous fungi, Arthrobotrys spp, Fusarium spp, and egg parastic fungi, Paecilomyces lilacinus were applied for root-knot nematodes on medicinal herbs, Paeonia albiflora, Codonopsis lanceolata, Cnidium officinale. The results are as follow. In pot experiments, The no. of root gall and egg mass and larvae of Cnidium officinale. The results are as follow. In pot experiments. The no. of root gall and egg mass and larvae of Cnidium officinale, Codonopsis lanceolata, Paeonia japonica lowered in P. Lilacinus treated plots compare to untreated control plots. But A. thaumasia F. oxysporum treated plots were less effective. Effect of egg parasitic fungi and chemical treatment at divided root of Paeonia japonica after sterilized in pot were increased in the fresh weight, root weight, control effect in P. lilacinus treated plots as chemical, Carbo G treated plots compare to untreted control plots. I field experiment, the number of root gall, egg mass and nematode density of Paeonia were also suppressed in P. lilacinus treated plots. It was very effective continuous 2 years and transplanting time on Paeonia japonica infested soil with the M. hapla in field in both region, Chillgok and Euisung treated P. lilacinus as chemical treated plots. Soaking effect of insecticide for Paeonia japonica at diving shoot before transplating in pot were effective for 12hours immersion into 1,000 ppm of Benlate T + Mep Ec, Benlate T + Fenthion EC in pot and field Experiment. In the Examination of fungi activily on P.japonica field 1 year after soil treatment, Number of spore of P. lilacinus were 1,000~1,300 in 3 region except Euisung.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.455-461
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• 1988

질소고정력(窒素固定力)이 큰 두과작물(豆科作物)로 알려진 Sesbania를 Growth cabinet에서 Leonard-Jar법(法)으로 재배(栽培)한 시험결과(試驗結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 근류균접종시(根瘤菌接種時) Sesbania의 부위별(部位別) 건물중(乾物重)은 경(莖)>엽(葉)>근(根)> Stem nodule > Root nodule순(順)으로 많으며 총건물중(總乾物重)은 근(根)+경근류균접종(莖根瘤菌接種)>근근류균(根根瘤菌) 접종(接種)> 무접종(無接種)으로 경(莖)에 근류균(根瘤菌) 접종효과(接種效果)가 인정(認定)되었다. 2. 질소고정력(窒素固定力)은 총건물중(總乾物重)과 같이 건물중(乾物重)이 많은 것이 질소고정력(窒素固定力)도 큰 경향(傾向)이며 뿌리외(外) 경(莖)에서도 질소고정력(窒素固定力)이 컸다. 3. 공기중(空氣中)에 $^{15}N$을 기준(基準)해서 자연(自然)에 존재(存在)하는 물질(物質)의 동위체(同位體)의 부위별(部位別) ${\delta}^{15}N$증가(增加)는 근(根)+경(莖)>근(根)> 무접종구(無接種區)의 순(順)이고 Root nodule 과 Stem nodule은 positive 근(根), 경(莖), 엽등(葉等)은 Negative이었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.511-513
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• 2004

Effects of the dietary supplementation of Codonopsis lanceolata root on triglyceride and cholesterol levels in the serum, liver, breast muscle and bile in male Cobb$\times$Cobb chicks were investigated. The chicks (15-42 days old) were fed diets supplemented with 0, 0.25 and 0.5% Codonopsis lanceolata root. No differences were observed in body weight, feed conversion ratio, gall bladder weight or abdominal fat deposition among the control group and the two treatment groups. Liver weights were higher in chicks fed a 0.5% Codonopsis lanceolata diet than in those fed the control diet (p<0.05). However, serum levels of both glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) and glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) were not different among the three groups. Broiler chicks fed either 0.25% or 0.5% dietary Codonopsis lanceolata root showed decreased serum levels of triglyceride, total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol compared to the control group (p<0.05). Supplementation with either 0.25% or 0.5% dietary Codonopsis lanceolata root decreased the triglyceride and total cholesterol levels in liver and breast muscle compared to the control group (p<0.05). Biliary cholesterol increased by 15% in chicks fed 0.5% dietary Codonopsis lanceolata root, suggesting that the biliary excretion of cholesterol had been elevated by dietary Codonopsis lanceolata root (p<0.05). In conclusion, these results indicate that dietary Codonopsis lanceolata root can decrease triglyceride and cholesterol levels in the serum, liver and breast muscle of broilers.