• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.257-277
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• 2000

New techniques for regenerating the destructed periodontal tissue have been studied for many years. Current acceptable methods of promoting periodontal regeneration are basis of removal of diseased soft tissue, root treatment, guided tissue regeneration, graft materials, and biological mediators. Platelet Rich Plasma has been reported as a biological mediator which regulates activities of wound healing progress including cell proliferation, migration, and metabolism. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of using the Platelet Rich Plasma as a regeneration promoting agent for furcation involvement defect. Five adult beagle dogs were used in this experiment. The dogs were anesthetized with Ketamin HCl(0.1 ml/kg, IV)and Xylazine hydrochloride($Rompun^{(R)}$, Bayer, 0.1 ml/kg, IM) and conventional periodontal prophylaxis were performed with ultrasonic scaler and hand instruments. With intrasulcular and crestal incision, mucoperiosteal flap was elevated. Following decortication with 1/2 high speed round bur, degree II furcation defect was made on mandibular third(P3), forth(P4) and fifth(P5) premolar, and stopping was inserted. After 4 weeks, stopping was removed, and bone graft was performed. Ca-P was grafted in P3(experimental group I), Combination of Ca-P and plasma rich platelet were grafted in P4(experimental group II), and P5 was remained at control group.Systemic antibiotics(gentamicin sulfate)and anlgesics(phenyl butazone) were administrated intramuscular for 2 weeks after surgery. Irrigation with 0.1% Chlorhexidine Gluconate around operate sites was performed during the whole experimental period except one day immediate after surgery. Soft diets were fed through the whole experiment period. After 4, 8 weeks, the animals were sacrificed by perfusion technique. Tissue block was excised including the tooth and prepared for light microscope with Gomori's trichrome staining. At 4 weeks after surgery, there were rapid osteogenesis phenomenon on the defected area of the Platelet Rich Plasma plus Ca-P BBP group and early trabeculation pattern was made with new osteoid tissue produced by activated osteoblast. Bone formation was almost completed to the fornix of furcation by 8 weeks after surgery. In conclusion, Platelet Rich Plasma can promote rapid osteogenesis during healing of periodontalregeneration.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.821-838
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• 1999

On the basis of the evidences that electrical stimulation could enhance proliferation and differentiation of bone cells and promote healing and regeneration of bone, this study was performed to investigate the effects of electrical stimulation on human periodontal ligament cells and gingival fibroblasts in vitro, which also have important roles in regeneration of periodontium, and to evaluate the potential of clinical application of electrical stimulation. Human periodontal ligament cells and gingival fibroblasts were primarily cultured from the root surface of extracted premolar and the adjacent gingiva without periodontal diseases. In control group, the cells ($5{\times}10^4$ cells/ml)were incubated only in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium contained with 10% fetal bovine serum. In test groups, electrical stimulation was given at the current intensity of $0.25{\mu]A$(test group 1), $1.0{\mu}A$(test group 2), and $2.5{\mu}A$(test group 3) for 12 hours to the same culture media with the control group. After 12 hour exposure of electrical stimulation, the cells were incubated for 2 and a half days(60 hours), and then each group of cells was analyzed for cell proliferation, protein level, and activity of alkaline phosphatase. The results were as follows ; 1. The Rate of cell proliferation of every test group increased significantly in both periodontal ligament cells and gingival fibroblasts, and in periodontal ligament cells, test group 3 showed significantly increased proliferation compared to the other test groups(p<0.05). 2. In the protein levels, neither periodontal ligament cell nor gingival fibroblast showed statistically significant differences between control and test groups. 3. The activity of alkaline phosphatase in periodontal ligament cells increased significantly in all test groups(p<0.05), but there were no significant differences between 3 test groups. In gingival fibroblasts, the activity of alkaline phosphatase increased significantly only in test group 3(p<0.05). From the above results, it is concluded that electrical stimulation may have beneficial effects on the regeneration of destructed periodontal tissue in regard of the stimulation of periodontal ligament cells and gingival fibroblasts as well as electrically stimulated bone formation that has been known, and that electrical stimulation may have the potential of clinical application.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.396-413
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• 1996

Current acceptable methods for promoting periodontal regeneration are based on removal of diseased soft tissue. root treatment, guided tissue regeneration, introduction of new graft materials and biological mediators. Insulin-like growth factor-I(IGF-I) and Platelet-derived growth factor-BB(PDGF-BB), the members of the polypeptuyde growth factor family have been reported as the biological mediators which regulate a variety cellular matrix biologic activities of wound healing process including the cell proliferation, migration and extracellular matrix synthesis.The purposes of this study is to evaluate the combination effects of IGF-I and PDGF-BB on the cellular activity of the periodontal ligament cells to act as a regeneration promoting agent of periodontal tissue. Human periodontal ligament cells were prepared from the first premolar tooth extracted for the orthodontic treatment and were cultured in DMEM containing 10% FBS at the $37^{\circ}C$, 5% CO2 incubator. Author measured the DNA synthetic activity, and total protein, collagen and noncollagenous protein synthetic activities according to the concentration of 10,100ng/ml IGF-I and1,10 ng/ml PDGF-BB in combination. The results were as follows: Significantly increased in the 1 ng/ml PDGF-BB alone compared to the 10 ng/ml PDGF-BB alone(P<0.01) and in the 1 ng/ml PDGF-BB and 10, 100ng/ml IGF-I in combination compared to the 1 ng/ml PDGF-BB alone(P<0.05, P<0.0l). The synthetic activity of the total protein and collagen is significantly increased like to the synthetic activity of the DNA(P<0.05). The synthetic activity of the noncollagenous protein is increased according to the concentration of IGF_I, but not statistically statistically significant(P>0.05). The percent of the collagen is significantly in the 1ng/ml PDGF-BB and 10ng/ml IGF-I in combination compared to the 1ng/ml PDGF-BB alone(P<0.05) and in the 10ng/ml IGF-I in combination compared to the 10ng/ml PDGF-BB alone(P<0.05). The synthetic activity of the DNA is In conclusions, the percent study shows that PDGF-BB and IGF-I in combination have a potentiality to enhance the DNA synthesis and the total protein and collagen synthesis of The periodontal ligament cells, especially it is more significant in the low concentration of PDGF-BB compared to the high one. Thus, the PDGF-BB and IGF-I in combination may have important roles in promotion of periodontal litgment healing, and consequently, may useful for clinical application in periodontal regenerative procedures.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.53-64
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• 2007

The aim of this study was to examine the possibility of periodontal ligament regeneration when autotransplantation was used by the periodontal ligament fibroblasts cultured on the acellular dermal matrix in teeth without a periodontal ligament. One minipig was used in this study. The mandibular and maxillary permanent incisors were ex-tracted for the culture of the periodontal ligament cells. The roots of the unextracted teeth were classified into a positive control group, in which the normal periodontal ligament was preserved. The roots of the extracted teeth were divided into the following two groups: The negative control group, in which the periodontal ligament had been removed and the acellular dermal matrix was not applied; and an experimental group, in which the periodontal ligament had been removed and periodontal ligament fibroblast cultured on an acellular dermal matrix was applied. The prepared teeth were transplanted, and completely submerged using physical barrier membranes. The animal was sacrificed 4 weeks after the autotransplant. The transplanted teeth were examined histologically. In this study, the periodontal ligament was normal in the positive control group, and ankylosis was discovered on the denuded root surface in the negative control group. Periodontal ligament-like connective tissue was found adjacent to the denuded root and the new cementum-like layer of hard tissue was formed in the experimental group. These results suggest that the periodontal ligament fibroblasts cultured on the acellular dermal matrix may play a role in regenerating the periodontal ligament-like tissue with new cememtum-like tissue formation.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.275-281
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• 1999

Embryogenic calli of Codonopsis lanceolata were cultured on MS agar medium containing various concentrations of sucrose as a carbon source. Upon transfer to MS basal medium, somatic embryos of cotyledonary stage converted to plantlets. When sucrose was added with greater than 4%, the number of shoots and roots regenerated from somatic embryo increased. However, the growth of shoots and roots was retarded in agar medium with more than 2% sucrose, but promoted in medium with lower concentration of sucrose. Saponin contents of shoots regenerated from somatic embryos, embryogenic calli, non-embryogenic calli, and native roots were determined by HPLC. Saponin contents of native root was variable, depending on regenerant, embryogenic calli, and cotyledonary embryos. The saponin contents of regenerated roots in medium with high sucrose was similar to native roots. Saponins content based on cell differentiation to shoot and root was dramatically decreased. This results could be effectively controlled for the production of useful secondary metabolites.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.163-168
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• 2013

Iris odaesanensis Y. N. Lee. is an important endangered and native plant belonging to the family Iridaceae in Korea. This study describes a method for rapid micropropagation of this species via from leaf, rhizome and root explants derived calli. Leaf, rhizome and root explants were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) for callus induction. Rhizome explants yielded calli at a frequency of 72% when cultured at 1.0 mg/l 2,4-D. Calli were maintained at 1.0 mg/l 2,4-D. These calli were transferred to MS medium supplemented with 0, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mg/l 2,4-D in combination with 0, 0.5, 1.0, and 3.0 mg/l BA for adventitious shoot induction. The highest number of adventitious shoot (228.9 per petri-dish) were formed at 1.0 mg/l 2,4-D and 1.0 mg/l BA. WPM medium was the best to convert calli into plantlets, where up to 98.2% of calli were regenerated into plantlets. This in vitro propagation protocol should be useful for conservation of this endangered plant.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.129-134
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• 2005

Effective micropropagation system via somatic embryognesis was established for a Phytophthora resistant Aralia elata cultivar. Different kinds of growth regulators were needed to induce embryogenic callus with different explant sources. When leaf explants were used, a combination of 2,4-D, TDZ and L-glutamine was needed, whereas when petiole and root explants needed only 1.0 mg/L 2,4-D. Embryogenic callus induction rate under the optimum culture condition was 75.0%, 67.0% and 83.0% from leaf, petiole and root segment, respectively. Somatic embryo germination and plantlet conversion rate appeared to be influenced greatly by various osmoticums. More than 90% of embryos germinated when treated with sucrose, glucose and maltose. However, the highest conversion rate (72%) was recorded on medium with 2% sucrose only. The converted plantlets grew normally on 1/2MS basal medium, were acclimatized on artificial soil mixture and survived more than 95% in the greenhouse condition. The results suggest that the species can be clonally propagated through in vitro culture system via somatic embryogenesis.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.647-668
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• 1997

6 beagle dogs aged over one and half years and weighed 14 to 16 Kg were utilized in this study, Horizontal furcation defects were induced around 2nd, 3rd, and 4th premolars bilaterally, PDGF-BB in conjunction with EGF and PDGF-BB only were applied in the right and left premolars respectively. 2 animals were sacrificed at 4weeks, 8 weeks, and 12 weeks, after regenerative surgery respectively. Semi-thin sections using glass-knife were stained with toluidine blue for light microscopic study. The results were as follows: 1. At 4 weeks after regenerative surgery, bone formation in the PDGF-BB-applied site was thriving, but bone formation in the PDGF-BB-and-EGF-applied site was depressed. 2. Bony ankylosis was surely shown along the whole exposed root surface applied with PDGF-BB, but it was shown at the root surface near the base of the bone defect where was applied with PDGF-BB in conjunction with EGF. 3. Active bone formation was made from 8 weeks after regenerative surgery in the PDGF-BB- and-EGF-applied site. 4. Bone maturity as well as speed of bone formation in the PDGF-BB-applied site was superior to those in the PDGF-BB-and-EGF-applied site throughout the whole experimental period. Within the above results, PDGF-BB had the strong capability to form the new bone and EGF was not able to prevent the bony ankylosis thoroughly. However, EGF may have the possibility to prevent the bony ankylosis through the suppression of bone formation.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.179-187
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• 2015

Traditionally, apexification has been used to treat immature permanent teeth that have lost pulp vitality. This technique promotes the formation of an apical barrier to close the open apex so that the filling materials can be confined to the root canal. Because tissue regeneration cannot be achieved with apexification, a new technique called regenerative endodontic treatment was presented recently to treat immature permanent teeth. Regenerative endodontic treatment is a treatment procedure designed to replace damaged pulp tissue with viable tissue which restores the normal function of the pulp-dentin structure. After regenerative endodontic treatment, continued root development and hard tissue deposition on the dentinal wall can occur under ideal circumstances. However, it is difficult to predict the result of regenerative endodontic treatment. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to summarize multiple factors effects on the result of regenerative endodontic treatment in order to achieve more predictable results. In this study, we investigated the features of regenerative endodontic treatment in comparison with those of other pulp treatment procedures and analyzed the factors that have an effect on regenerative endodontic treatment.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.191-198
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• 2022

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the composition of the crystal phases of various calcium silicate-based materials (CSMs): ProRoot white MTA^Ⓡ (mineral trioxide aggregate) (WMTA), Ortho MTA^Ⓡ (OM), Endocem MTA^Ⓡ (EM), Retro MTA^Ⓡ (RM), Endocem Zr^Ⓡ (EN-Z), Biodentine^TM (BD), EZ-seal^TM (EZ), and OrthoMTA III (OM3). Methods: In a sample holder, 5 g of the powder sample was placed and the top surface of the material was packed flat using a sterilized glass slide. The prepared slides were mounted on an X-ray diffraction (XRD) instrument (D8 Advance; Bruker AXS GmbH, Germany). The X-ray beam 2θ angle range was set at 10~90° and scanned at 1.2° per minute. The Cu X-ray source set to operate at 40 kV and 40 mA in the continuous mode. The peaks in the diffraction pattern of each sample were analyzed using the software Diffrac (version 2.1). Then, the peaks were compared and matched with those of standard materials in the corresponding Powder Diffraction File (PDF-2, JCPDS International Center for Diffraction Data). A powder samples of the materials were analyzed using XRD and the peaks in diffraction pattern were compared to the Powder Diffraction File data. Results: Eight CSMs showed a similar diffraction pattern because their main component was calcium silicate. Eight CSMs showed similar diffraction peaks because calcium silicate was their main component. Two components were observed to have been added as radiopacifiers: bismuth oxide was detected in WMTA, OM, and EM while zirconium oxide was detected in RM, EN-Z, BD, EZ, and OM3. Unusual patterns were detected for the new material, OM3, which had strong peaks at low angles. Conclusion: It was caused by the presence of Brushite, which is believed to have resulted in crystal growth in a particular direction for a specific purpose.