• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.365-374
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• 2017

Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate the eruption pattern and root resorption of the bovine anterior dentition in relation to growth-related parameters based on dental maturity. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 110 bovine anterior mandibles by using standard radiography, cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), and actual measurements. We determined the relationships between the stages of dental maturity by using a modification of Demirjian's method and various growth-related parameters, such as the activity of the root-resorbing tissue and mobility of the deciduous teeth. The correlation of growth-related parameters with interdental spacing and distal unusual root resorption (DRR) of the deciduous fourth incisor was assessed. The cause of mesial unusual root resorption (MRR) of the deciduous fourth incisor was determined on the basis of the arrangement of the permanent third incisor. Results: An independent t-test and chi-square test indicated significant differences in growth-related parameters associated with dental arch length discrepancy and factors related to the shedding of deciduous teeth between the low and high dental maturity groups. The samples with interdental spacing and DRR showed a larger sum of mesiodistal permanent crown widths and higher dental maturity than did the respective controls. Samples with MRR tended to show a lingually rotated distal tip of the adjacent tooth crown. Conclusions: Dental maturity has relevance to the interdental spaces and unusual root resorption of mixed dentition. The position of the adjacent tooth crown on CBCT may be correlated with the occurrence of unusual root resorption of the incisor.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.112-119
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• 1995

Anatomical and biochemical changes of the corn root injured by the root lesion nematode, Pratylenchus vulnus, were examined to understand the interactions between the nematode and the crop which can be applied to a breeding program for nematode-resistant crop. The nematode and the crop which can be applied to be a breeding program for nematode-resistant crop. The nematode entered the cortex of corn root through its epidemis. They moved to other cortical cells by breaking their cell walls. They, finally, gathered around the endodermis of the roots and the bases of the root hairs. Parasitism of the nematode formed cavities within the root tissues where the females laid eggs. Major root damage by the nematode occurred in the cortical cells where must cell walls were broken and crushed to form empty spaces. These empty spaces in the base of the root resulted in this breakdown. Damage-induced biochemical changes of the corn roots were analysed by their total protein patterns and esterase activities in both control and nematode-infected roots. Denaturing gel did not show any significant difference in the banding patterns between them. Esterase patterns and activities, also, were not significantly different between the infected and the control roots.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.546-550
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• 1997

This study was carried out to elucidate the biological characteristics of Rhizobia in biological nitrogen fixation system. The results of investigation were as follows; Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis pattern of root lectin in the presence of SDS was ascertained electrophoretically and chromatographically. The purified root lectin formed immunoprecipitin line with anti lectin rabbit IgG. Root lectin, seed lectin and root exudate were tested for chemotactic ability. Chemotactic responses of RCR3407 and KCTC2422 toward root exudate were stronger than those of seed lectin and root lectin, but there didn't occur chemotactic responses of LPN100, not bound with seed lectin and that of LPN101, bound with seed lectin toward root exudate, root lectin and seed lectin. RCR3407, KCTC2422 and LPN-101, which nodulated with soybean, interacted with soybean lectin, but not with pea lectin. LPN-100, which was not nodulated with soybean, didn't interact with soybean lectin.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.17 no.7 s.94
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• pp.1783-1793
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• 1993

Pattern recognition technique using fuzzy c-means algorithm and multilayer perceptron was applied to classify tool wear states in turning. The tool wear states were categorized into the three regions 'Initial', 'Normal', 'Severe' wear. The root mean square(RMS) value of acoustic emission(AE) and current signal was used for the classification of tool wear states. The simulation results showed that a fuzzy c-means algorithm was better than the conventional pattern recognition techniques for classifying ambiguous informations. And normalized RMS signal can provide good results for classifying tool wear. In addition, a fuzzy c-means algorithm(success rate for tool wear classification : 87%) is more efficient than the multilayer perceptron(success rate for tool wear classification : 70%).

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.33 no.10
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• pp.381-386
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• 1984

This paper deals with the microcomputer realization of EMG pattern recognition system which provides identification of motion commands from the EMG signals for the on-line control of a prosthetic arm. A probabilistic model of pattern is formulated in the feature space of integral absolute value(IAV) to describe the relation between a motion command and the location of corresponding pattern. This model enables the derivation of sample density function of a command in the feature space of IAV. Classification is caried out through the multiclass sequential decision process, where the decision rule and the stopping rule of the process are designed by using the simple mathematical formulas defined as the likelihood probability and the decision measure, respectively. Some floating point algorithms such as addition, multiplication, division, square root and exponential function are developed for calculating the probability density functions and the decision measure. Only six primitive motions and one no motion are incorporated in this paper.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.52-57
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• 2009

Background: Transforaminal epidural injection (TEI) may be useful to treat unilateral pain that has a dermatomal distribution. In this approach, the needle tip can be placed closer to the dorsal root ganglion and ventral aspect of the nerve root. However many studies have reported that serious complications following TEI occurred more frequently when it was conducted at the cervical level. One of the presumptive mechanisms of the complication is intravascular injection. Therefore this study was conducted to identify the incidence of complications in response to intravascular injections at cervical segments. Methods: This study included all patients, who visited our pain clinic and had radicular symptoms or herpes zoster associated pain. All procedures were conducted under fluoroscopic guidance with contrast enhancement by one of the authors. After the ideal needle position was confirmed by biplanar fluoroscopy, the blood aspiration through the needle hub was evaluated, and a 3 ml mixture of nonionic contrast (2 ml) with normal saline (1 ml) was injected at a rate of 0.3-0.5 ml/sec continuously under real time fluoroscopic visualization. We then classified the contrast spreading pattern as neural, simultaneous neural and vascular, or vascular. Results: A total 71 cervical TEIs were performed. In 26 cases (36.6%), the contrast only spread to the nerve sheath. However, 45 cases (63.4%) showed an intravascular spreading pattern, 37 (52.1%) of which showed a neural and vascular pattern and 8 (11.3%) of which showed only a vascular pattern. Conclusions: Approximately two thirds of the cases of cervical TEI were found to lead to intravascular spreading, which is much higher than the incidence reported in previous studies.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.209-213
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• 1974

The isozymes of glutamic oxalacetic transaminase from young rice root were isolated by DEAE-cellulose column chromatography, and investigated some of their enzymic properties. Obtained results were summarized as follows: 1. 93 percent of GOT activity in rice root existed in supernatant fraction, and their specific activity exibited the same pattern. 2. The rice root contained two types of GOT isozyme; cationic and anionic GOT. It seemed that both of them were distributed in supernatant fraction. 3. GOT isozymes of rice root on the pH dependance showed their maximum activity at 7.4. 4. On the stability of GOT isozymes for temperature, anionic GOT was more unstable than cationic GOT. 5. Apparent Michaelis constant for L-aspartate of GOT isozymes from rice root showed 12-14mM in the cationic GOT and 16mM in the anionic GOT, respectively.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.333-343
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• 2009

Here, we show that an endophytic bacterial strain, Enterobacter asburiae B1 exhibits the ability to elicit ISR in cucumber, tobacco and Arabidopsis thaliana. This indicates that strain B1 has a widespread ability to elicit ISR on various host plants. In this study, E. asburiae strain B1 did not show antifungal activity against tested major fungal pathogens, Colletotrichum orbiculare, Botrytis cinerea, Phytophthora capsici, Rhizoctonia solani, and Fusarium oxysporum. Moreover, the siderophore production by E. asburiae strain B1 was observed under in vitro condition. In greenhouse experiments, the root treatment of strain B1 significantly reduced disease severity of cucumber anthracnose caused by fungal pathogen C. orbiculare compared to nontreated control plants. By root treatment of strain B1 more than 50% disease control against anthracnose on cucumber was observed in all greenhouse experiments. Simultaneously, under the greenhouse condition, the soil drench of strain B1 and a chemical inducer benzothiadiazole (BTH) to tobacco plants induced GUS activity which is linked with activation of PR promoter gene. Furthermore, in Arabidopsis thaliana plants the soil drench of strain B1 induced the defense gene expression of PR1 and PDF1.2 related to salicylic acid and jasmonic acid/ethylene signaling pathways, respectively. In this study, for the main focus on root colonization by strain B1 associated with defense responses, bacterial cells of strain B1 was tagged with the gfp gene encoding the green fluorescent protein in order to determine the colonization pattern of strain B1 in cucumber. The gfp-tagged B1 cells were found on root surface and internal colonization in root, stem, and leaf. In addition to this, the scanning electron microscopy observation showed that E. asburiae strain B1 was able to colonized cucumber root surface.

• Clinical Pain
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.59-64
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• 2019

Objective: This study evaluated the feasibility of ultrasound-guided lumbar nerve root block (LNRB) and S1 nerve root block by identifying spread patterns via fluoroscopy in cadavers. Method: A total of 48 ultrasound-guided injections were performed in 4 fresh cadavers from L1 to S1 roots. The target point of LNRB was the midpoint between the lower border of the transverse process and the facet joint at each level. The target point of S1 nerve root block was the S1 foramen, which can be visualized between the median sacral crest and the posterior superior iliac spine, below the L5-S1 facet joint. The injection was performed via an in-plane approach under real-time axial view ultrasound guidance. Fluoroscopic validation was performed after the injection of 2 cc of contrast agent. Results: The needle placements were correct in all injections. Fluoroscopy confirmed an intra-foraminal contrast spreading pattern following 41 of the 48 injections (85.4%). The other 7 injections (14.6%) yielded typical neurograms, but also resulted in extra-foraminal patterns that occurred evenly in each nerve root, including S1. Conclusion: Ultrasound-guided injection may be an option for the delivery of injectate into the S1 nerve root, as well as lumbar nerve root area.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.49-55
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• 2001

Species and races of root-knot nematodes in greenhouses in southern Korea were investigated and a simple identification scheme was provided. Among 23 populations of root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne arenaria race 2 was 59%, M. incognita race 1 was 23%, and an unknown race of M. incognita was 18%. Total length of M. arenaria juveniles was 411㎛(306-503㎛) and that of M. incognita was 384㎛(312-488㎛); however, the ranges of two species were overlapped and could not be used to distinguish the two species. Excretory pore in female head was a consistent character to differentiate M. arenaria and M. incognita.