• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.514-520
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• 2011

This study describes conditions for the mass production of mutant hairy root lines by co-cultivation with A. rhizogenes harboring the activation tagging vector pHC7. Various sources of explants were subjected to genetic transformation with A. rhizogenes to determine optimum conditions and cultivar for the highest frequency of hairy root formation on explants. Hairy root formation also were investigated in transformed hairy roots grown in various culture media. Finally, a total of approximately 2,500 lines of hairy root mutants were produced in this study. A managing system for metabolomics in hairy root lines also were established. These hairy root lines will be useful to determine functions of genes relating biosynthesis pathway of secondary metabolites.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.289-296
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• 1991

Cultures of hairy root induced from ginseng(Panax C.A. Meyer) transformed with Agrobacterium rhizogenes (strain A4, ATCC 15834) were established and morphologically two different hairy root strains (HB1, HB2) were obtained. To determine the optimum growth rate, the hairy root (HB2) was cultured in various liquid medium supplemented with or without plant growth hormone. The growth rate of hairy root cultured on MS medium was 1.3-3.1 times higher than those cultured on other media, and the optimum sucrose concentration and pH were 3-6%, 5.5-6.5, respectively. Also, the growth rate of hairy root was increased when 0.02 M ammonium nitrate, 1.2 mM potassium phosphate (monobasic) and 0.5 mg/l IBA were supplied to liquid medium. The saponin patterns and contents of hairy root (HB2) were determined by TLC and HPLC. The crude saponin contents were 4.67% and the total saponin contents were 1.0%, on dry weight basis.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.88-95
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• 1996

The effects of media, incubation time, temperature and pH on production of conidia and chlamydospore of Cylindrocarpon destructans (Zinssm.) Scholen causing root rot of Panax ginseng were studied. Microconidia of the pathogen were abundantly produced on V-8 juice agar as a solid substrate with 5.73(log conidia/mm2) and in V-8 broth as a liquid substrate with 6.65 (log conidia/ml) among media tested. No difference was observed on the length of microconidia produced from the media with a range of 9.50∼11.38 $\mu\textrm{m}$. However, tryptic soy agar produced the broadest microconidia (average 5.00 $\mu\textrm{m}$) among the media tested. All the media produced chlamydospores In a range of 1.06∼4.37 (log chlamydospores/mm2) without a significant difference in number, while V-8 juice agar produced the bigger one (18.39 $\mu\textrm{m}$ in diameter) as compared to the tested media. The fungus began to sporulate conidia after three days of incubation and reached maximum at the 8th day. It seemed to be in a stationary phase until 30 days of incubation but was decreased thereafter. Chlamydospore was produced at 4th day after incubation. Maximum production was observed at 8th day and the number seemed to be maintained during the observation period. Both conidia and chlamydospore of the pathogen were able to be spoluated at 10∼25$^{\circ}C$. However, optimum temperatures of conidia and chlamydospore formation were 15∼25$^{\circ}C$ and 10∼20$^{\circ}C$, respectively. C. destrmtans produced conida with an wide range of pH from 3.3 to 8.0 and chlamydospore from 2.8 to 8.0. Number of conidia was increased with an increase of pH up to 4.0. There was no significant difference in the number between 4.0 to 8.0. It seemed to have two optimum pH ranges, 3.3∼4.0 and 7.1∼8.0 for the chlamydospore formation.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.53-60
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• 1976

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the value of briquet ash as a component of rooting media in Chrysanthemum morifolium. Various rooting media were made in mixture at different ratio and alone using sand, vermiculite and briquet ash as components of soil mixture. In order to investigate the effect of the particle size of briquet ash on rooting of stemouttings, various particle sizes were used as rooting media. Rooting ratio, number of root and root length were examined to evaluate the effect of the various rooting media and the particle sizes of briquet ash. The important conclusions of this study are summerized as follows; 1. Briquet ash was better rooting medium than sand, but it showed more effective result when it was used in mixture with other rooting media. 2. The particle size of briquet ash as a rooting medium to produce a healthy vegetatively propagated plant showed the best result at 2-3mm.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.35-44
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• 2022

This study was conducted to develop a mass production for a commercial use by cutting of 4 kinds of V. glabrifolia Kitag., V. pusanensis Y.N.Lee, V. glabrifolia Kitag. × V. Spicata 'Alba' and V. spicata 'Ulster Blue Dwarf' × V. longifolia. Veronica L. Effects of shade, media and concentrations of plant growth regulators on the rooting of Veronica L. were examined. The rooting rate of V. glabrifolia Kitag. was higher as a 60% than the V. pusanensis Y.N.Lee as a 20% in the control of commercial media. In shading treatment, the rooting rate was highest at 30% or 60% shading, and the 30% shading was the best in number of root and root length, but the 90% shading was lower than no shading treatment. For cutting media, the rock wool and 100% perlite increased the rooting rate by more than 10% compared to commercial media, and increased the number of roots by 2 or 3 times. However the Cocopeat of media was lower of rooting rate, root number, and root length compared to another treatment. In the plant growth regulator treatment, the rate of rooting increased in all treatment compared to control, and was highest at IBA 1,000mg·L^-1 as a 82.2% and NAA 200 or 400mg·L^-1 as a 82.2% or 84.4% respectively, in the V. glabrifolia Kitag. × V. Spicata 'Alba'. However, the root number and root length was decreased as the concentration of growth regulators increased.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.635-641
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• 2013

This study examined the dye-properties of natural fabrics dyed with Coptis chinensis and Curcuma longa root fermented with fungi. The optimum culture conditions for the fermentation of microorganisms, the relationship between natural dye color and fermentation conditions were investigated. Two different medical herbs (ground to 80-100 mesh in size) were used as a natural dyeing source. Phellinus linteus (P. linteus), which can grow in different media, such as Agarmedium (only agar containing medium), maltose extract agar (MA) and potato dextrose extract agar (PDA) culture media, were isolated from the medium. P. linteus was confirmed to be the optimum microorganism for the fermentation of Coptis chinensis and Curcuma longa, and the MA medium was confirmed to be the best for culturing. When using the microorganism as the fermenting agent, $32^{\circ}C$ was found to be the optimum fermenting temperature for both natural colorants. Regarding the dyeing property of the fermented natural dye, silk was dyed quite darkly in an appearance by naked eye estimation and the K/S value in the color strength of silk reached a high level of 16 after the fermenting process. The washing fastness of dyed silk after treatment washing was reduced from 4 to under4 and indicates that dyed silk with fermented plant was not unsubstantial. The light fastness was 1 to 2, showing intended to maintain due to the fermentation process.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.271-276
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• 2015

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of shading degree and rooting media on the growth of Caragana sinica and Sedum middendorffianum after cutting. In C. sinica, the highest rooting rate was obtained in cuttings planted in horticultural soil (Sunshine Mix #1) and peat moss mixture (peat moss : perlite = 1 : 1, v/v) under one layer of 35% shading and in cuttings planted in kanumatsuchi soil mixture (kanumatsuchi soil : decomposition of granite = 1 : 1, v/v) under non-shading. Whereas, regardless of shading degree, most cuttings of S. middendorffianum rooted in both horticultural soil and peat moss mixture. Cuttings of C. sinica showed the highest root length, 10.4cm in kanumatsuchi soil mixture under one layer of 35% shading but the highest fresh and dry weight of roots in kanumatsuchi soil mixture under non-shading. In S. middendorffianum, the highest root length, fresh and dry weight of root were obtained in cuttings planted in horticultural soil under non-shading. With these results, we recommended that cuttings of C. sinica should be propagated in kanumatsuchi soil mixture under non-shading and cuttings of S. middendorffianum in horticultural soil under non-shading.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.36-42
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• 1991

The present study was conducted to obtain some basic information on the shoot formation from crown gall callus and the characteristics of teratoma shoot derived from crown gall induced by inoculation of Agrobacterium tumefaciens C58. Crown gall callus could be continuously cultured on the phyohormone free basic medium. The growth of crown gall callus was inhibited when BA were added to the cultural media. Shoot formation from crown gall callus fail to be initiated except teratoma shoot which induced on the phytohormone free medium after several subculture on rare occasions. Teratoma shoot could not form root and grow as normal shoot. Addition of BA to cultural media was not effective for shoot elongation, reduction in multiple shoot formation, but IBA was somewhat effective for shoot elongation of teratoma shoot, never for root formation.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.247-252
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• 2004

In vitro cultures of watermelon were treated with antimitotic agent colchicine to induce ploidy alterations, particularly the induction of tetraploids. Explants cotyledon, embryonic end of seed, transverse sections of epicotyl and hypocotyl were cultured on MS media supplemented with BA ($1{\mu}M$) and colchicine ($0.01\%,\;0.05\%\;and\;0.1\%$). Explants were subcultured on colchicine free media after 4 and 7 days. Colchicine had negative effect on in vitro regeneration but this exhibited explants related response. However, hypocotyl section of seedlings induced maximum callus on $0.01\%$ colchicine. Shoot proliferation was more in cotyledon explants cultured on colchicine ($0.01\%$) for four days. Maximum root induction and root number were recorded in embryonic end explants. Overall, cotyledon and embryonic end explants, and low colchicine concentration ($0.01\%$) was found optimal in watermelon regeneration.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.161-166
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• 1996

The hairy root cultures of Centella asiatica were established by infection leaf explants with Agrobacterium rhizogenes A4, 15834 in 1/2 Murashing and skoog liquid medium supplemented with 50 $\mu$M acetosyringone. The induced hairy roots were subjected to paper electrophoresis for the detection of opine and opine-positive clones which were considered to have been transformed. Five hairy root clones were selected according to the different bacterial strains used, growth rate and pattern. Among media tested, MS basal medium substituted phosphate concentration by 2.5mM K2HPO4 showed the highest growth rate in the dark condition.