• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.173-177
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• 2003

The effect of IBA and NAA on adventitious root cultures of Panax ginseng C.A. Mater were investigated. Results indicated differences in growth and development of the roots according to 5mg/L IBA and 2mg/L NAA. IBA resulted in a normal root development and a higher growth compared to NAA. The roots formed on NAA-containing media were shorter and thicker than those in IBA, showing a hypertrophy of the root tip. NAA induced more than 1.6 times higher ethylene production compared to IBA, which caused inhibition of the root growth. Under the ventilation, in the other hand, on difference was observed in ethylene concentration and the root growth between IBA and NAA treatments. Under ventilation ethylene production was not detected until 10 days of culture, while detected from the initial stage under on ventilation. The results suggested the importance of ventilation during the culture for the growth and development of ginseng adventitious roots.

• Mycobiology
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.113-117
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• 2011

A laboratory experiment was conducted to study the induction of constricting rings and test predation of Dactylaria brochopaga isolates against second stage juveniles (J2s) of Meloidogyne graminicola. Among the five fungal isolates, isolate D showed the greatest number of predatory rings and, consequently, trapped the maximum number of M. graminicola J2s in dual cultures. Another pot experiment was conducted to study the effect of D. brochopaga (isolate D) on the management of wheat root-knot disease. Applying a mass culture (10 g/pot) and a spore suspension of the fungus with and without cow dung manure to soil infested with 2,000 M. graminicola juveniles significantly improved plant height, root length, weights of shoots, roots, panicles and grains per hill compared to those in the control. Moreover, the fungus significantly reduced the number of root-knots, the number of egg masses, juveniles, and females per hill compared to those in the control. Bio-efficacy of the fungus was heightened when the mass culture and a spore suspensions were used in combination with cow dung manure to improve the plant growth parameters and reduce the number of root-knot and reproductive factors. Further investigations should be conducted to identify the impact of this fungus in the field.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.36-46
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• 1996

Variation of Al tolerance in Pinus densiflora, P. rigida and P. thunbergii was investigated in a solution culture. Root length decreased as Al concentration increased, and decreased more in dilute culture media than in dense one. Aluminum tolerance based on relative root length was in the order of P. rigida ＞ P. densiflora ＞ P. thunbergii. Al content in tissue increased as Al concentration of the media increased, but the reverse was true for content of Ca and Mg. Al tolerance for root length showed intraspecific variation, even under the same Al concentration in the media.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.42-53
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• 1985

This study was carried out to obtain the basic information about the large scale propagation of ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer). Therefore, the stem cuttings of 1-year old ginseng, treated with various concentrations of plant growth regulators for 5 seconds (quick dipping) and 24 hours (prolonged soaking), were cultured. The root formation of stem cuttings was varied with the concentrations, kinds, and treatment methods of plant growth regulators. Besides normal-looking roots various malformed roots were observed. In the prolonged soaking method, the culture of stem cuttings, treated with 10 ppm of IBA or NAA, resulted in profuse root regeneration. And stem cuttings, in quick dipping method, treated with 2000 ppm of IBA or NAA resulted in more excellent root regeneration. In general, IBA was more vigorous for the root formation than NAA, The treatment with 50 ppm kinetin or 100 ppm BA brought good result for the retardation of senescence of stem cuttings and BA treatment was more effective than kinetin. As for the saponin content of roots derived from stem cutting culture, the roots, formed by non-treatment of growth regulators, were higher in saponin content than those formed by treatment of growth regulators.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.46-50
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• 2007

하늘타리 (Trichosanthes kirilowii)로부터 조직배양 기법을 이용하여 약리작용을 나타내는 생리활성물질인 trichosantin을 생산하기 위한 연구로 Agrobacterium rhizogenes ATCC15834 의 감염을 통하여 기내 배양된 유묘의 잎절편으로부터 형질전환 모상근을 유도하였다. 유도된 모상근 clones으로부터 성장속도와 분지화 정도가 빠르며 단백질 합성능이 가장 우수한 TR-03 clones을 선발하였으며, 이를 사용하여 생체량과 배지내 가용성 단백질의 생산을 최대로 높일 수 있는 최적 배양조건을 조사하였다. TR-03 clone을 4% sucrose가 첨가된 MS 배지에 초기 접종농도 2 g (생중량)을 접종하여 100 rpm으로 배양시 생중량과 배지내 가용성 총단백질의 함량이 플라스크당 약 2.4 g (건중량)과 $28.3ug/\ell$으로 최대치를 나타내었다. 한편, 배지내 가용성 단백질에 대한 RIP활성 검정에서 배양 4주 후 21.3 unit로 최대치를 보였다.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.493-499
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• 2012

We have established adventitious root culture systems of Codonopsis lanceolata, Codonopsis pilosula and Codonopsis ussuriensis. Root segments of C. lanceolata were the best explants for induction of adventitious roots and the number of adventitious root for explant was highest on solid medium with $0.5mg/{\ell}$ NAA and produced $18.8{\pm}1.9$ roots per explant. Root segments of C. pilosula were the best explants for induction of adventitious roots and the number of adventitious root for explant was highest on solid medium with $1.0mg/{\ell}$ NAA and produced $8.5{\pm}1.8$ roots per explant. Leaf segments of C. ussuriensis were the best explants for induction of adventitious roots and the number of adventitious root for explant was highest on solid medium with $0.5mg/{\ell}$ NAA and produced $7.8{\pm}0.4$ roots per explant. In liquid culture, the best production of adventitious root (fresh weight) was obtained in 1/2 MS medium with $1.0mg/{\ell}$ NAA. This study demonstrated for the first time to produce adventitious roots in C. pilosula and C. ussuriensis.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.230-239
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• 2022

Holostemma annulare (Family Asclepiadaceae) is an invaluable vulnerable medicinal plant; the root tubers are used in Ayurveda medicine and by folk healers to treat various ailments. In this study, Schenk and Hildebrandt medium fortified with the cytokinins 6-benzyl adenine, kinetin, and auxins, including indole 3-butyric acid, indole 3-acetic acid, α-naphthaleneacetic acid, and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, were checked for their efficiency on root tuber induction from different explants. Adventitious root tubers were more successfully induced from in vitro leaf segments and shoots when cultured in Schenk and Hildebrandt medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/l of α-naphthaleneacetic acid. In addition, preliminary phytochemical analysis of in vitro root tubers and identification of different secondary metabolites were conducted. Thin layer chromatography and high performance thin layer chromatography analysis of the crude methanolic extracts of the in vitro root tuber identified the presence of lupeol, a bioactive triterpene. Adventitious root tuber induction offers a novel method for the in vitro production of bioactive metabolites that can be scaled up by bioreactors, thus ensuring the conservation and sustainable utilization of H. annulare. The study warrants further scale-up production and pharmacological investigation that can be extended for pharmaceutical needs.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.118-122
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• 2000

식물조직배양기술을 이용하석 인삼의 주요약리성분인 사포닌을 생산하고자, 식물생장조절물질로 유도된 인삼 root를 사용하여 사포닌 생산을 위한 최적액체배양조건을 RSM으로 조사하였다. 최적액체배양조건을 배지의 pH, sucrose 농도,nitrogen 농도, phosphate 농도의 3 level-4 factor의 fractional factorial design에 의하여 조사한 결과, 인삼 root의 사포닌 함량은 최저 0.174%에서 최고 0.303울까지 나타났다. 다중회귀분석으로 구한 model식을 가지고 등고분석과 3차원분석을 수행한 후 독립변수의 최저 또는 최고수준에서 종속변수가 최대치를 나타내지 않는 phosphate농도 변수에 대하여 model식을 편미분한 결과 인삼 roe떠 사포닌 함량이 최고치를 나타내는 액체배양조건은 pH 5.5, sucrose 5%, nitrogen 50 mg/L, phosphate 93 mg/L 예측되었다. 이렇게 결정된 조건값들을 model식에 대입하여 얻은 예상치는0.308%였다.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제18권33호
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• pp.55-61
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• 1995

The corporate culture contributes much to the approach to the management problems as well as to the view to see the problems in the light of the multiplying-enterprise environment. In comparision with the large size corporates, the small-medium size corporates under various disadvantage conditions increase to the high achievement through the development of corporate culture, though the period and method to root in the corporate culture differ from one another depending on the situations. The purpose of this paper is to propose the owner's intention and efforts, the development of the corporate culture helpful for the long-run achievement, the cultural network and the member's role which prove to be effective method to root in the corporate culture.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2003

The adventitious root of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer is regarded as an efficient alternative to cell culture or hairy root culture for biomass production due to its fast growth and stable metabolite production. To determine optimal culture conditions for the bioreactor culture of ginseng roots, experiments have been conducted on physical and chemical factors such as bioreactor type, dissolved oxygen, gas supply, aeration, medium type, macro- and micro-elements, medium supplement during culture period, sucrose concentration, osmotic agents, medium pH and light. Elicitation is a key step to increase ginsenoside accumulation in the adventitious roots but biomass growth is severely inhibited by elicitor treatment. To obtain high ginsenoside content with avoiding biomass decrease, we applied two-stage bioreactor culture system. Ginseng adventitious roots were cultured for 40 days to maximize biomass increase followed by elicitation for 7 days to enhance ginsenoside accumulation. We also experimented on types and concentrations of jasmonate to determine optimal elicitation methods. In this paper, we discussed several factors affecting the root propagation and ginsenoside accumulation. Based on the results obtained from previous experiments we have established large-scale bioreactor system (1 ton-10 ton) for the efficient production of ginseng adventitious roots and bioactive compounds including ginsenoside. Still, experiments are on going in our laboratory to determine other bioactive compounds having effects on diet, high blood pressure, DPPH elimination and increasing memories.