• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.234-239
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• 1999

두릅나무과 식물 6종의 잎으로부터 2개의 공통적인 superoxide dismutase(SOD) isoenzyme이 구분되었다. 이들 공통적인 isoenzyme(SOD 4와 SOD 6)의 패턴은 오갈피속 식물 중에서 민가시오갈피나무(A. senticosus for. inermis) 잎에서 가장 다양하였고, 그 활성은 섬오갈피나무(A. koreanum) 잎에서 가장 높았다. 그리고 SOD 4와 SOD 6은 $H_2O$$_2$와 KCN에 의한 선택적 저해로부터 각각 Fe-SOD와 CuZn-SOD인 것으로 밝혀졌다. 또한, SOD isoenzyme의 패턴은 섬오갈피나무의 성숙한 잎과 수피, 근피에서 차이가 없었으나 그 활성은 조직별로 차이가 나타났으며, Fe-SOD는 근피에서, CuZn-SOD은 잎에서 상대적으로 높게 나타났다. 그리고, CuZn-SOD나 Fe-SOD 모두 30-4$0^{\circ}C$에서 높은 활성 을 나타내었으나 그 이상의 온도에서는 활성이 저해되었다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.384-393
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• 2021

Recently, due to environmental and toxicity issues, there has been increasing attention on research regarding natural products that can reduce the use of chemical fertilizers. Wood extracts derived from the biorefining process contain various fertilizer ingredients. HPLC analysis revealed that wood extract contains approximately 5.2% hemicellulosic sugar. The growth of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) upon treatment with wood extract (extract obtained from steam-exploded pine) or water-soluble fertilizers containing different nutrients was analyzed in this study. After two weeks, the growth characteristics of lettuce as affected by wood extract or water-soluble fertilizers were significantly different. The effect of water-soluble fertilizers containing ascorbic acid, magnesium sulfate, citric acid, potassium nitrate, amino acids, or seaweed extract was less desirable than that of wood extracts regarding plant height (18.6 cm), number of leaves (10), leaf length (14.1 cm), shoot fresh wight (9.8 g/plant), root fresh weight (0.8 g/plant) and shoot dry weight (0.6 g/plant). The plant height, number of leaves, leaf length, shoot fresh wight, root fresh weight, shoot dry weight of water-soluble fertilizers containing wood extract were significantly different compared to the control (plant height :13.5 cm, number of leaves : 7, leaf length : 9.4 cm, shoot fresh wight : 5.3 g/plant, root fresh weight : 0.7 g/plant, shoot dry weight : 0.4 g/plant, root dry weight : 0.07 g/plant). From these results, it was concluded that wood extract can be used as a potential water-soluble fertilizer to increase the yield of leafy vegetables.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.277-283
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• 1997

본 실험은 초화류인 코레우스의 삽목시 삽수의 발근율을 높이기 위하여 배양액과 NAA 및 IBA처리 효과를 조사하였다. 모래삽목보다는 배양액을 이용한 것이 발근소요일이나 생육면에서 월등히 효과적이었다. 특히 배양액 농도는 일본 원시표준액보다는 표준액의 1/4 배양액 농도에서 재배한 것이 가장 발근이 빨리 되었으므로 삽목초기에는 낮은 양액농도가 경제적일 것으로 보인다. 생장조절제의 농도별로는 NAA나 IBA 0.01mg/$\ell$처리가 효과적이었으며 IBA처리보다는 NAA처리시의 발근소요일이 더 짧았다. 또한 NAA 및 IBA을 처리한 수돗물을 사웅하여 삽수의 발근을 유도할 경우 NAA와 IBA를 삽수에 침지처리한 후 수돗물에 재배하는 것보다 발근에 효과적이었으며, 무엽지삽보다는 유엽지삽이 효과적이었다. 또한 배양액이나 생장조절제를 단용처리한 것보다 배양액과 생장조절물질의 혼용처리가 발근소요일이 단축되었고 생육상태가 양호하였다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.197-221
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• 1980

Habitat observation, cultural experience of old and present plantation, weather factors in relation to crop stand and water physiology of root and leaf were reviewed. According to habitat observation ginseng plants love water but plate wit talus well grow at drained place with high moisture content in air and soil while ginseng plants were not found in dry or wet place. According to cultivation experience ginseng plants require abundant water in nursery and main field but most old planters believe that ginseng plaints are draught-loving thus require little water. The experience that rain especially in summer i.e unfavorable might be due to mechanical damage of leaves arid leaf disease infection, or severe leaf fall which is caused by high air temperature and coinsided with rain. According to crop stand observation in relation to weather factors abunsant water increased each root weight but decreased total yield indicating tile increase of missing root rate. Rain in summer was unfavorable too. Though rain in June was favorable for high yield general experience that cloudy day and rain were unfavorable might be due to low light intensity under shade. Present leading planters also do loot consider the importance of water in main field. Water content is higher in top than in root and highest in central portion of root and in stem of top. For seedling the heavier the weight of root is tile higher the water content while it reveries from two years old. Water potential of intact root appeared to be -2.89 bar suggesting high sensitivity to water environment. Under water stress water content severly decreased only in leaf. Water content of leaf appeared to be 78% for optimum, below 72% for functional damage and 68% for perm anent wilting. Transpiration or curs Principally through stomata in lower side of leaf thus contribution of upper side transpiration decreased with the increase of intensity. Transpiration is greater in the leaves grown under high light intensity. Thus water content is lower with high light inte nsity under field condition indicating that light is probable cause of water stress in field. Transpiration reached maximum at 10K1ut The decrease of transpiration at higher temperature seems to be due to the decrease of stomata aperture caused by water stress. Severe decrease of photosynthesis under water stress seems to be principally due to functional damage which is not caused by high temperature and Partly due to poor CO2 supply. Water potential of leaf appeared to be -16.8 bar suggesting weakness in draught tolerance. Ginseng leaves absorb water under high humidity. Water free space of leaf disc is %mailer than that of soybean leaf and water uptake appears to be more than two steps.

• 약학회지
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• 제58권5호
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• pp.307-313
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• 2014

Rumex crispus (curled dock), which is a perennial wild plant, has long been used as a laxative, astringent, and medicine to treat blood and skin diseases. We recently reported that the roots of R. crispus are an effective nutraceutical for bone. This study prepared ethanol extracts of the leaves and roots of R. crispus, and analyzed the major constituents using liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. In addition, their effects on the proliferation and differentiation of human osteoblast-like MG-63 cells, such as cell viability, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, collagen content, and mineralization, were compared. The chromatograms of the chemical constituents of the two extracts exhibited quite different profiles: quercetin and quercitrin were identified as major peaks in the leaf extract, whereas cinnamtannin B1 and procyanidin isomers were the major peaks for the root extract. Neither extract was cytotoxic at concentrations of < $25{\mu}g/ml$. ALP activity and collagen synthesis-which are markers of the early stage of osteogenesis-in MG-63 cells were significantly increased upon the addition of the root extract compared with the addition of the leaf extract. In contrast, the leaf extract had a more stimulatory effect on mineralization-which is marker of the late stage of osteogenesis-in MG-63 cells than did the root extract. In conclusion, extracts of both leaves and roots of R. crispus stimulated the bone-forming activity of osteoblasts; in particular, the root extract was more effective in the early stage of osteoblast differentiation, while the leaf extract was more effective in the late stage. This difference in anabolic activity may be due to differences in the constituents of the leaves and roots. The leaves and roots of R. crispus appear to complement each other as stimulators of bone formation.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.123-130
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• 2010

국내에서 한약 재료로 생산, 유통, 사용되고 있는 맥문동(L. platyphylla) 잎과 뿌리 추출물의 생리활성 물질 탐색을 위한 연구로 폴리페놀과 플라보노이드 화합물 함량, 전자공여능 및 xanthine oxidase 저해활성 등 생리활성 효과를 측정하였다. 물과 메탄올을 용매로 추출한 맥문동 잎과 뿌리 추출물에 대한 수율을 측정한 결과 뿌리 물 추출물이 53.96%로 가장 높은 수율을 나타내었으며, 잎의 물 추출물은 27.5%으로 나타났다. 폴리페놀 화합물 함량은 잎의 메탄올 추출물에서 186.88 mg/g를 함유하며 플라보노이드는 잎의 물 추출물에서 159.29 mg/g을 함유하였다. 맥문동 잎의 메탄올 추출물은 0.5 mg/mL의 농도에서 97.42%의 전자공여능을 나타내었다. 잎의 물 추출물에서 9.75%의 SOD 유사활성능을 나타내었으며, pH 1.2 조건에서 잎의 메탄올 추출물은 40.52%의 아질산염 소거율을 보였으나 뿌리 추출물은 농도와 pH에 관계없이 아질산염 소거능이 없었다. Xanthine oxidase 저해율은 1.0 mg/mL의 농도에서 잎 추출물 모두 99% 이상의 저해 활성을 나타내었으며, 뿌리는 물 추출물 93.75%, 메탄올 추출물 68.47%로 뿌리보다 잎 추출물의 xanthine oxidase 저해효과가 높았다. Tyrosinase 저해 활성을 측정한 결과에서는 맥문동 잎의 물 추출물에서 22.80%의 저해효과가 나타났으나 메탄올 추출물과 뿌리 추출물은 저해효과가 없었다. 이상의 결과 추출물에 대한 수율은 맥문동 잎보다 뿌리가 더 높았으나 폴리페놀과 플라보노이드 함량, 전자공여능, SOD 유사활성, 아질산염 소거 및 xanthine oxidase와 tyrosinase에 대한 저해 활성이 한방생약재로 사용되는 맥문동 뿌리보다 비약용부위인 잎 추출물이 더 우수한 것으로 분석되었다.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.13-20
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• 2012

본 연구는 스탠다드 국화 '백마' 품종의 플러그 묘 생산에 있어서 삽수의 조건이 지상부 생육과 발근 및 정식 후의 절화 생육에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 실시하였다. 삽수에 잎을 많이 부착할수록 삽목묘의 지상부 생육이 양호하였고, 잎을 4-6장 부착하여 삽목하는 것이 다른 처리에 비해 발근에 효과적이었다. 삽수길이에 따른 삽목묘의 지상부 생육은 큰 차이가 없었으며, 삽수길이를 5-7cm로 처리하는 것이 발근상태가 양호하였다. 삽수 굵기는 3.1mm 처리에 비해 3.6mm와 4.2mm 처리에서 삽목묘의 지상부 생육과 발근이 양호하였다. NAA 처리농도가 높을수록 삽목묘의 지상부 생육이 억제되었으며, 뿌리의 길이도 짧아졌다. NAA $100mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$를 1시간 처리하여 삽목하는 것이 삽목묘의 지상부 생육과 발근에 효과적이었다. 피트모스와 펄라이트를 2:2로 혼합한 배지에서 다른 처리에 비해 뿌리의 길이, 수 및 무게 등이 뿌리의 생육이 양호하였다. 잎이 적은 것보다 4-6개 부착된 삽수의 삽목묘를 정식했을 때, 절화장이 길고, 무게가 무거웠으며, 엽수도 많았다. 삽수길이에 있어서 7-9cm 처리가 절화장, 절화무게, 설상화 수 등 전반적인 절화의 생육에 효과적이었다. 따라서 '백마' 플러그 묘 생산시 7cm 길이에 3.6mm 굵기의 4-6장의 잎을 부착한 삽수를 삽목하는 것이 삽목묘의 지상부 생육과 발근 및 정식 후의 절화 생육을 위해 바람직하였다.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.244-247
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• 2010

It's crucial to control Alternaria blight and Anthracnose emerging mostly on ginseng leaves during the rainy season to increase the organic ginseng products. The purpose of this study is to investigate the efficay of lime-brodeaux spray on the ginseng leaves and evaluate the growth and yield of the ginseng, and the contents of ginsenoside and 70% ethanol extracts from 3-year-old ginseng variety, Cheonpoong. Lime-bordeaux sprayings were conducted in the ratio of 6-6 in June, 8-8 from July to September every 15 days. After June 10, the spraying have no effects on the growth leaf and stem, and there was no significant increase in chlorophyll contents. The ratio of intact leaf and root were distinctly increased because Alternaria blight and Anthracnose were decreased by spraying lime-bordeaux mixture. Root weight per plant and root yield were increased by 15%, and 62% in 3-year old ginseng, respectively, because the ratio of intact leaf and root were higher by using lime-bordeaux mixture. Furthermore, spraying of lime-bordeaux mixture is prone to increase the ratio of rusty root in ginseng. Spraying of lime-bordeaux mixture decreased both of the contents of ginsenoside and 70% ethanol extract by 13.7%, and 15.2% in 3-year-old ginseng, respectively.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.180-186
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• 1986

Photosynthesis and respiration of leaf and root of field grown Panax ginseng were investigated according to aerial part sensecence. No apparent photosynthesis activity was detected in senescenced leaf(less than 0.7mg total chlorophyll/g FW) and leaf dark respiration was consistent relation with senescence. Leaf respiratory Q$_{10}$ consistently increased with senscence. Root respiration and Q$_{10}$ tended to decrease with aerial part senescence only in the range of optimum temperature of leaf growth. Apparent photosynthesis or respiration of leaf was negatively or positively correlated, respectively with the increase of air temperature. Root respiration with temperature was well accordance with Arrhenius plot which was not consistent with aerial part senescence. Accelerated senescence may be recommendable for better root yield unless any reserve in stem or leaves contributes to root through translocation.

• 식물병과 농업
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.84-89
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• 1999

Development of root galls of clubroot disease on Chinese cabbage seedlings was first observed 17days after inoculation of Plasmodiophora brassicae at $25^{\circ}C$ 4-11days earlier than at 5, 20, 3$0^{\circ}C$ and 35$^{\circ}C$. Subsequent enlargement of root galls was also fastest at $25^{\circ}C$ and 2$0^{\circ}C$ but delayed at 15$^{\circ}C$ and 3$0^{\circ}C$ or above. Chinese cabbage seedlings with root gall formation showed reduction in number of leaves above ground fresh weight and amount of root hairs but increase in root weight, Root galls development was highest at soil moisture level of 80% of maximum soil moisture capacity than at 60% and 100%. Optimum soil pH for root gall development was pH 6 although root galls were formed at a range of pH 5 to 8. Period of light illumination also affected root gall development with the greatest gall development at 12hr/12hr in light/dark period and the least at 8hr/16hr. Site of root gall formation and gall shape did not differ greatly among treatments of temperature soil moisture pH and light experiments.