• 제목/요약/키워드: root and leaf

Search Result 1,818, Processing Time 0.322 seconds

Effect of Diameter and Length of Root on Yield in Rehmannia glutionosa Libosch (지황(地黃) 종근(種根)의 굵기와 길이가 수양(收量)에 미치는 영향(影響))

  • Choi, In-Sik;Park, Jae-Seong;Cho, Jin-Tae;Son, Seok-Yong;Han, Dong-Ho;Chung, In-Myeong;Lee, Jung-Ii
    • Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
    • /
    • v.3 no.3
    • /
    • pp.173-180
    • /
    • 1995
  • This experiment was carried out to clarify the effect of root diameter and length on yield in Rehmannja glutionosa on experimental fields of Chungbuk Provincial Rural Development Ad­ministration. Emergance date was faster Sand 10 days with root diameter 3mm and 9mm than that of root diameter 6mm. Emergance ratio was high in the order of 6mm >7mm > 9mm with root diameter, and bolting ratio was increased in the order of 9mm > 6mm > 3mm with root diameter. Leaf length had no differences betwere root diameter and length, and leaf width had same tendency. Content of inorganic matter such as T - N, $P_2O_5,\;K_2O,\; C_aO,\;M_gO$ was high measuring date was delayed, and higher in root than leaf. Sugar content was higher in November than in October and had no differences with root diameter, but was more de­creased as the root length was longer. Yield was increased 9 % with root diameter 9mm. Comparing with root length, yield was higer 5% with 6cm than that of 1, 172kg/10a with 3cm, and decreased 25% with 9cm. And the profitable root was considered root diameter 8mm and root length 6cm.

  • PDF

Effect of Pour Into Soil and Spray on Leaves of Plant Growth Substances on the Root Out of Mulberry (식물생장물질의 토양관주와 엽면살포가 뽕나무의 발근에 미치는 영향)

  • 김문협
    • Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
    • /
    • v.20 no.1
    • /
    • pp.1-4
    • /
    • 1978
  • The root-out of mulberry saplings has been studied by pour into soil and spray on leaves of the plant growth substances. In addition, the effect of "Rutin", a kind of plant growth hormones has been also studied on promoting the rootability of mulberry scions by dipping the scions at the various concentrations. The results are summarized as follows: (1) It is likely to be effective on acceleration of the rootability resulting in increase of rooting ratio by pour into soil at the concentration of 1 ppm and 10 ppm NAA, 10 ppm and 100 ppm Rutin, and 5000 fold solution of Atonic, respectively (2) Growth of branch is only promoted by leaf spray of 0.5% urea, 0.005% and 0.01% Rutin, and 5000 fold solution of Atonic without increasing the root weight. (3) It seems that 0.05% of Rutin is of practical use, and 0.05% to 0.4% of "Rutin" accelerates the root-out of mulberry scions as well as NAA does.

  • PDF

Effects of Light Inensity and Quality on the Growth and Quality of Korean Ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) I. Effects of Light Intensity on the Growth and Yield of Ginseng Plants (광량 및 광질이 고려인삼의 생육과 품질에 미치는 영향 I. 광량이 인삼생육 및 수량에 미치는 영향)

  • 천성기;목성균
    • Journal of Ginseng Research
    • /
    • v.15 no.1
    • /
    • pp.21-30
    • /
    • 1991
  • This study was conducted to know the elects of light intensity of polyethylene net shading on the growth status, photosynthesis and root yield of ginseng plants. Polyethylene net shading of loft transmittance was the best one among light intensities of polyethylene net used in view of photosynthesis and decreasing of early leaf defoliation. According to increase of light intensity under the shading chlorophyll contents of ginseng leaves were decreased. As it was increased over 2 mg/g Photosynthesis and total saponin of leaves showed on the decrease remarkably. The rate of alternaria blight of ginseng plants showed the positive correlation between light intensity and leaking rate. The shading of 10% transmittance in root yield was increased by 40% in 6-year-old ginseng plant as compared with common straw shading, due to decreased missing plant and increased root weight.

  • PDF

Allelopathic Effects of Volatile Substances from Chamaecyparis obtusa

  • Kil, Bong-Seop
    • The Korean Journal of Ecology
    • /
    • v.23 no.4
    • /
    • pp.323-329
    • /
    • 2000
  • The allelopathic effects of volatile substances from Chamaecyparis obtusa (S. et Z.) Endl. were examined on the germination and seedling growth of some plant species, and on the population growth of some microorganisms. The germination and seedling growth of the receptor plants were suppressed more severely by leaf and fruit essential oils than by those of other parts. Colonial growth of fungi was severely inhibited by essential oils extracted from leaves and fruits. The development of root hairs of the receptor plants was also severely inhibited by the essential oils. The cortical cells at the root tips of Lactuca sativa L. treated with essential oils showed contraction of the cytoplasm, resulting in plasma membranes becoming detached from the cell walls and the cells metamorphosing irregularly. Accumulation of lipid granules inside the contracted cytoplasm and degeneration of mitochondrial cristae were also observed.

  • PDF

Distribution and Relation of Mineral Nutrients in Various Parts of Korea Ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer) (고려인삼의 부위간 무기성분 분포 및 상관관계)

  • Lee, Chong-Hwa;Shim, Sang-Chill;Park, Hoon;Han, Kang-Wan
    • Journal of Ginseng Research
    • /
    • v.4 no.1
    • /
    • pp.55-64
    • /
    • 1980
  • The distribution pattern of mineral nutrients, among various Parts of Korea ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) was investigated to understand ginseng nutrition by simple correlation analysis. Five·year old ginseng plants grown under four different nutritional environments were sampled and separated into leaf, petiole, stem, rhizome, cortex and epidermis of tap foot, central part of tap root, cortex and epidermis of lateral root, central part of lateral root, fine root in the middle of truly, for chemical analysis. Between mineral nutrients in root, N and P showed highly significant positive correlation each other and with Mg and Cu while all other elements (K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, B) showed highly significant positive correlation each other. In shoot, number of mineral nutrient pairs haying significant relation was much less than in root. (Negative: P with Ca or B, K with N, Fe, Mn or Cu, Positive: N with Mg, Fe, Mn or Cu, K with Zn, Ca with Mg, Zn, or B, Fe Mn Cu each other, Mn with B.) The number of pairs having significant correlation in whole plant was approximately the same as the number in root but three of them showed significant negative correlation. The distribution pattern similarity of mineral contents among various parts was also discussed in relation to physiological significance in Korea ginseng plant.

  • PDF

Studies on the growth of Korea Lawn Grass (Zoysia japonica Steud.)in Reponse to Nitrogen Application, Clipping Treatment and Plant Density (질소시용, 예초 및 재식밀도가 한국잔디(Zoysia Japonica Steud)의 생육에 미치는 영향)

  • Sim, Jae-Seong
    • The Journal of Natural Sciences
    • /
    • v.1
    • /
    • pp.61-113
    • /
    • 1987
  • The increasing emphasis placed on the production of fine turf for lawns, golf courses, parks, and other recreational sites has led to many unsolved problems as to how such turf could be best established and mainteined. For this purpose, a series of experiments were conducted under con ditions of pot and field. The results obtained were as follows EXPERIMENT I. The effect of nitrogen fertilizer and clipping interval on Zoysia japonica. 1. Increasing the rate of nitrogen and frequent clipping increased tiller number of Zoysis japonica and the maximum number of tillers were obtained from 700 kg N application and freqnent clippings (10 days interval ) in October. Treatment of 350kg N with 10 days clipping interval increased tillers much more than those of 700 kgN with 20 and 30 days clipping intervals. 2. The average number of green leaves occurred during the growth period maximized by applying 700 kg N and clipping 10 days interval. 3. Increasing tiller numbers significantly decreased tops DM weight per tiller by clipping plants at interval of 10 and 20 days, irrespective of nitrogen applied, and with nil N, at the interval of 30 days. By applying 700 kg N, however, top DM weight per tiller increased as the number of tillers increased consistently. 4. The highest top DM weight was achieved from late August to early September by applying 350 and 700kgN. 5. During the growth period, differences in unders ( stolon + root ) DM weight occurred bynitrogen application were found between nil N and two applied nitrogen levels, whereas, at the same level of nitrogen applied, the increase in stolon DM weight enhanced by lengthening the clipping interval to 30 days. 6. Nitrogen efficiency to green leaves, stolon nodes and DM weight of root with high nitrogen was achieved as clipping interval was shortened. 7. By increasing fertilizer nitrogen rate applied, N content n the leaves and stems of Zoysiajaponica was increased. On the other hand, N content in root and stolon had little effect onfertilizer nitrogen, resulting in the lowest content among plant fractions. The largest content of N was recorded in leaves. Lengthening the clipping interval from 10 or 20 to 30 days tends to decrease the N content in the leaves and stems, whereas this trend did not appeared in stolon androot. 8. A positive correlations between N and K contents in tops and stolon were established andthus K content increased as N content in tops and stolon increased. Meanwhile, P content was not affected by N and clipping treatments. 9. Total soluble carbohydrate content in Zoysia japonica was largest in stolon and stem, and was reduced by increasing fertilizer nitrogen rate. Reduction in total soluble carbohydrate due to increased nitrogen rate was severer in the stolons and stems than in the leaves. 10. Increasing the rate of nitrogen applied increased the number of small and large vascular bundles in leaf blade, but shortened distance among the large vascular bundles. Shortening the clipping interval resulted in increase of the number of large vascular bundles but decrease ofdistance between large vascular bundles.EXPERIMENT II. Growth response of Zoysia japonica imposed by different plant densities. 1. Tiller numbers per unit area increased as plant density heightened. Differences in num ber between densities at higher densities than 120 D were of no significance. 2. Tiller numbers per clone attained by 110 days after transplanting were 126 at 40D,77 at 80D, 67 at 120D, 54 at 160D, and 41 at 200D. A decreasing trend of tiller numbers per clone with increasing density was noticable from 100 days after transplanting onwards. 3. During the growth period, the greatest number of green leaves per unit area were attainedin 90days after transplanting at 160D and 200D, and 100 days after transplanting at 40D, 80Dand 120D. Thus the period to reach the maximum green leaf number with the high plantdensity was likely to be earlier that with the low plant density. 4. Stolon growth up to 80 days after transplaning was relatively slow, but from 80 daysonwards, the growth quickened to range from 1.9 m/clone at 40D to 0.6m/clone at 200Din 200 days after transplanting, these followed by the stolon node produced. 5. Plant density did not affect stolon weight/clone and root weight/clone until 80 daysafter transplanting. 6. DM weight of root was heavier in the early period of growth than that of stolon, butthis trend was reversed in the late period of growth : DM weight of stolon was much higherthan that of root.EXPERIMENT Ill. Vegetative growth of Zoysia japonica and Zoysia matrella as affected by nitrogen and clipping height. 1. When no nitrogen was applied to Zoysia japonica, leaf blade which appeared during theAugust-early September period remained green for a perid of about 10 weeks and even leavesemerged in rate September lived for 42 days. However, leaf longevity did not exceed 8 weeks asnitrogen was applied. In contrast the leaf longevity of Zoysia matrella which emerged during the mid August-earlySeptember period was 11 weeks and, under the nitrogen applied, 9 weeks, indicating that thelife-spen of individual leaf of Zoysia matrella may be longer than that of Zoysia japorica. Clipping height had no effect on the leaf longevity in both grasses. 2. During the July-August period, tiller number, green leaf number and DM weightof Zoysia japonica were increased significantly with fertilizer nitrogen, but were not with twolevel of clipping height. This trend was reversed after late September ; no effect of nitrogen wasappeared. Instead, lax clipping increased tiller number, green leaf number and DM weight. Greenleaves stimulated by lax clipping resulted in the occurrance of more dead leaves in late October. 3. Among the stolons outgrown until early September, the primary stolon was not influencedby nitrogen and clipping treatments to produce only 2-3 stolons. However, 1st branch stoIon asaffected by nitrogen increased significantly, so most of stolons which occurred consisted of 1st branch stolons. 4. Until early September, stolon length obtained at nil nitrogen level was chiefly caused bythe primary stolons. By applying nitrogen, the primary stolons of Zoysia japonica waslonger than 1st branch stolons when severe clipping was involved and in turn, shorter than 1stbranch stolons when lax clipping was concerned. In Zoysia matrella, 1st branch stolons were muchlonger than the primary stolon when turf was clipped severely but in conditions of lax clippingthere was little difference in length between primary and 1st branch stolons. 5. Stolon nodes of both Zoysia japonica and Z. matrella were positively influenced by nit rogen, but no particular increase by imposing clipping height treatment was marked in Zoysiamatrella. Although the stolon of Zoysia japonica grew until late October, the growthstimulated by nitrogen was not so remarkable as to exceed that by nil N.

  • PDF

Growth, Physiological Responses and Ozone Uptake of Five Betula Species Exposed to Ozone

  • Lee, Jae-Cheon;Han, Sim-Hee;Kim, Pan-Gi;Jang, Suk-Seong;Woo, Su-Young
    • The Korean Journal of Ecology
    • /
    • v.26 no.4
    • /
    • pp.165-172
    • /
    • 2003
  • The objectives of this study were to examine the physiological responses to ozone and to measure ozone uptake rates of Betula species exposed to relatively high concentration of pollutants. At the end of the growing season, photosynthesis, pigments contents, antioxidants (SOD and GR) and ozone uptake rates were measured or estimated at the leaves of five Betula species (Betula costata, B. davurica, B. platyphylla var. japonica, B. schmidtii and B. ermanii) exposed to 100ppb ozone concentration. On the termination of the experiment, growth effects were determined by measuring leaf area and dry weights of leaf, stem and root. Ozone treatment showed the significant reduction the leaf area and dry weight of four Betula species, except for B. ermanii. Shoot / root (SR) ratio of five species represented two different types. SR ratio of B. costata and B. davurica were lower than control, in contrast, SR ratio of B. platyphylla var. japonica, B. schimidtii and B. emani, were higher than that of control. The photosynthetic responses of five species were different in responses to ozone exposure. Four species, except for B. emanii, maintained or increased the stomatal conductance, but B. emanii decreased both stomatal conductance and photosynthesis. SOD activities of five species decreased by the ozone exposure, especially B. ermanii showed the largest reduction, GR activities of B. platyphylla var. japonica and B. schmidtii increased, B. costata and B. emanii decreased. Instantaneous ozone uptake rate was the highest at the leaves of B. ermanii and B. costata, ozone uptake per seedling was the highest at the leaf of B. schmidtii and B. emanii. It was concluded that B. costata, B. davurica and B. platyphylla var. japonica, appeared the growth reduction and visible ozone injury, were sensitive species to ozone, and B. schmidtii with the increased antioxidant activity and B. ermanii without the growth reduction were relatively resistant species to high ozone concentration at the early growing stage.

Feasibility of Tobacco(Nicotiana tabacum L.) for Phytoremediation of Soil Contaminated with Zn and Cu (Zn 및 Cu 오염토양에서 담배에 의한 복원 탐색)

  • Lee, Sang-Gak;Kang, Byeung-Hoa
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
    • /
    • v.20 no.4
    • /
    • pp.211-217
    • /
    • 2001
  • This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Zn and Cu on physiological responses of tobacco at the different leaf ages for the purpose of phytoremediation of heavy metal contaminated field. Plant height was significantly decreased at Zn and Cu concentrations of 1.0 mM or higher. Especially, root dry weight decreased more (50% reduced) than shoot dry weight. Zn and Cu accumulation in the shoot and root was dramatically increased after 2.0 mM treatment. The accumulation pattern was different by leaf aging in that Zn accumulated more in senescence leaf and Cu accumulated more in growing leaf. The amounts of heavy metal accumulations per plant were 146,000 mg/kg for Zn and 20,500 mg/kg for Cu at 2.0 mM treatment. The proper harvesting time would be suggested as vegetative growth stage for Zn and reproductive stage for Cu. The concentrations of other inorganic ions (Mg, Mn, Fe) were decreased when Zn and Cu concentrations were increased. Cu concentration and Zn concentration of both shoot and root were decreased in Zn treatment and Cu treatment, respectively.

  • PDF

Multiplication and Transformation of Medicinal Plants for Production of Useful Secondary Metabolites II. Establishment of Hairy Root Cultures of Centella asiatica

  • Paek, Yun-Woong;Hwang, Sung-Jin;Park, Don-Hee;Hwang, Baik
    • Journal of Plant Biology
    • /
    • v.39 no.3
    • /
    • pp.161-166
    • /
    • 1996
  • The hairy root cultures of Centella asiatica were established by infection leaf explants with Agrobacterium rhizogenes A4, 15834 in 1/2 Murashing and skoog liquid medium supplemented with 50 $\mu$M acetosyringone. The induced hairy roots were subjected to paper electrophoresis for the detection of opine and opine-positive clones which were considered to have been transformed. Five hairy root clones were selected according to the different bacterial strains used, growth rate and pattern. Among media tested, MS basal medium substituted phosphate concentration by 2.5mM K2HPO4 showed the highest growth rate in the dark condition.

  • PDF

Antioxidant and Hepatoprotective Effects of the Ethanol Extract of Dendropanax morbifera Leveille on the t-Butyl Hydroperoxide-Induced HepG2 Cell Damages (황칠나무 추출물의 항산화 및 간세포보호효과)

  • Lee, Changyong;Yang, Minhye;Moon, Jeon-Ok
    • Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
    • /
    • v.50 no.1
    • /
    • pp.32-36
    • /
    • 2019
  • Dendropanax morbifera Leveille, an endemic species in Korea, is best known as a tree that produces a resinous sap. Although D. morbifera is used in folk medicine for various diseases, its active ingredients are largely unknown. In this study, we investigated antioxidative activities of ethanolic extracts of three parts of this plant including leaves, debarked stems, and roots. The root extracts exhibited strong 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) scavenging activity compared with leaf or stem extracts. The root extracts showed hepatoprotective activity against t-butyl hydroperoxide-induced HepG2 cells, and reduced the ROS level in the cells. The root fractions lowered the mRNA level of COX-2 on lipopolysaccharide-stimulated Raw246.7 cells. These results suggest that ethanolic root extracts of D. morbifera are a source of antioxidant and hepatoprotective compounds, which indicate a potential for a botanical drug.