• Journal of architectural history
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.121-135
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• 2010

This study was to analyze the architectural characteristics and facade construction of brick masonry auditorium through the Auditorium of Namsan Primary School in 1936. The results of this study were described separately as follows. 1. The auditorium is located away from the school buildings, and its plane is a chamber of rectangle type with an entrance installed on each of the four sides. 2. The external appearance is Renaissance eclectic style, laid red bricks on the lower wall of the window and having a mansard roof. The front and the rear are symmetric with respect to the projected wall at the center. 3. As to the structure of the building, a concrete lower wall was built on the concrete continuous footing, and the brick wall was constructed on the lower wall. The roof is queen post roof truss, and the wall girders were installed on the brick wall. 4. The auditorium has had a number of repairing and maintenance works, which changed the roof and windows outside and the floor, walls, ceiling, etc. inside. 5. The decorative elements of external appearance include lower wall, brick wall, entrances, windows, roof, and dormer windows. The brick wall gives verticality and solidity to the surface of the wall, and the lower wall and wall girders are connected like a cornice of the wall. The surface of the mansard roof and dormer windows express a stable vertically oriented shape.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.339-354
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• 2007

Arched Corrugated Steel Roof (ACSR) is a kind of thin-walled steel shell, composing of arched panels with transverse small corrugations. Four full-scale W666 ACSR samples with 18m and 30m span were tested under full and half span static vertical uniform loads. Displacement, bearing capacities and failure modes of the four samples were measured. The web and bottom flange in ACSR with transverse small corrugations are simplified to anisotropic curved plates, and the equivalent tensile modulus, shear modulus and Poisson's ratio of 18m span ACSR were measured. Two 18 m-span W666 ACSR samples were analyzed with the Finite Element Analysis program ABAQUS. Base on the tests, the limit bearing capacity of ACSR is low, and for half span loading, it is 74-75% compared with the full span loading. When the testing load approached to the limit value, the bottom flange at the sample's bulge place locally buckled first, and then the whole arched roof collapsed suddenly. If the vertical loads apply along the full span, the deformation shape is symmetric, but the overall failure mode is asymmetric. For half span vertical loading, the deformation shape and the overall failure mode of the structure are asymmetric. The ACSR displacement under the vertical loads is large and the structural stiffness is low. There is a little difference between the FEM analysis results and testing data, showing the simplify method of small corrugations in ACSR and the building techniques of FEM models are rational and useful.

• Journal of Korean Association for Spatial Structures
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.43-49
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• 2015

A single-layerd steel lattice roof, which has 50m span, was constructed. In order to figure out the realistic buckling load level, the structural analysis of this roof structure was performed especially by local snow load. Due to the characteristics of application of snow load, the load combinations of snow should be considered not only global area but also local part so that the critical buckling load could be observed as easy as possible. Geometrical imperfection was simulated to consider inaccurate shape of structure. And then nonlinear analysis were performed. Finally, this paper could investigate that the local snow load with geometrical imperfection decreased the level of buckling load significantly.

• Journal of Korean Association for Spatial Structures
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.69-76
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• 2023

A timber lattice roof, which has around 30m span, was constructed. In order to figure out the realistic buckling load level, the structural analysis of this roof structure was performed especially by stiffness of connection with various asymmetric snow load. Due to the characteristics of application of snow load, the load combinations of snow should be considered not only global area but also local part so that the critical buckling load could be observed as easy as possible. Geometrical imperfection was simulated to consider inaccurate shape of structure. And then nonlinear analysis were performed. Finally, this paper could investigate that the asymmetric snow load with the lower level stiffness of connection decreased the level of buckling load significantly.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.271-277
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• 2012

Dimensions, operation conditions and improvement items for round roof windows were investigated in arch shape single-span plastic greenhouse with roof vents, and natural ventilation performance was analyzed based on the ventilation theory. Diameter of round roof windows was mostly 60 cm, and chimney height projected on roof was average 30 cm. Installation space was mostly 5 to 6 m but farmhouse of 10 m and over was 16.7% also. A round roof window which has 60 cm diameter was installed to 6 m space generally and 80 cm diameter was installed to 10 m space, but correct standards did not exist. There were a lot of opinions that ventilation effect of round roof windows is fairly good and user satisfaction is generally excellent. It is problem that there is few effects in summer and that vinyl around each vent tears well and rainwater leaks, and improvement hope item required development of automatic control system. In the wind speed of 0.3 m/s, it was estimated that natural ventilation rates were 0.69, 0.55, 0.50 and 0.48 volumes per minute in case of 2, 4, 6 and 8 m installation space for round roof windows, respectively. It was analyzed that the ratio of ventilation due to buoyancy out of total ventilation were 65.2, 41.9, 29.9 and 22.8% in case of 2, 4, 6 and 8m installation space, respectively. By the round roof windows installed at space of 6 m, ventilation rate was estimated to 0.5 volumes per minute, and we can expect the increase in ventilation rate of 30%. In order to meet the recommended ventilation rate for summer season, we have to install the round roof windows at space of 1 to 2 m. However, it is difficult to apply those installation space because of falling productivity due to lower light transmittance as well as rising costs. It is estimated that the installation space of 6m is appropriate for spring or fall season. Therefore it is necessary to encourage installing the roof windows in single-span plastic greenhouses.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.59-68
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• 2022

This paper is an architectural historical study on Chimi of Hwangnyongsa Temple. In this research, the shape and cross-section of the chimi are reviewed. The results of the study are as follows. The chimi is a form in which the head part facing the maru is omitted, and the upper and lower body are separated. The upper and lower bonds are assembled into a two types of joint throughout the side of the torso, and then bound with an iron strap. Because of the absence of ridge line in the front, and the narrow curved surface which makes the side plate close to the plane, the entire cross-section is triangular, and the rear plate maintains the shape of the chimi. The naerimmaru connected to the side of the chimi has a slope, so it is clear that the chimi was used on the woojingak-jibung(hipped-roof), and the wing part and back of the chimi are erected on the side roof. The height of the yongmaru and chunyeomaru is about the same and the roofing tiles of those are in contact. The roofing tiles of chunyemaru should be cut to fit the angle of the contacting part. The maru is 30 stories high of roofing tiles as a result of the on-board survey. Based on reference on the shape and timing of the production of chimi, the height of chimi, and the maru is believed to have been built before the Unified Silla Period and used in buildings with at least seven-kan frontage. Buildings corresponding to these construction conditions can be seen as Central hall and East hall in Hwangnyongsa temple.

• Journal of Korean Association for Spatial Structures
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.103-110
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• 2019

The cable-based retractable membrane roof makes it impossible to maintain its shape and stiffness during driving process, unlike the hard-type retractable roof. Consequently, monitoring using a relatively simple wireless video transmission device is required. However, since video data has a bigger transmission rating than other monitoring data in terms of the structure velocity or acceleration, there is a need to develop transmission device that is easy to install and entails low maintenance cost. This paper studies on a real-time video transmission system for monitoring the cable-based retractable membrane roof while driving. A video transfer software, using the mobile network, is designed and the embedded system is constructed. Ultimately, the data transmission server is tested. Connecting a trolley to the system allows testing of the validity and efficiency of the developed system through the video data transmitted in the driving process. Result of the test shows that the developed system enables multi-device data transfer with monitoring via the mobile network.

• Journal of Korean Association for Spatial Structures
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.103-113
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• 2017

Spatial Structure has suffered from a lot of damage due to the use of lightweight roofs. Among them, the damage caused by strong winds was the greatest, and the failure of the calculation of the wind load was the most frequent cause. It provides that wind tunnel test is used to calculate the wind load. However, it is often the case that the wind load is calculated based on the standard of wind load in the development design stage. Therefore based on this, the structure type and structural system and member design are often determined. Spatial structure is usually open at a certain area. The retractable roof structure should be operated with the open roof in some cases, so the wind load for the open shape should be considered, but it is not clear on the basis of the wind load standard. In this paper, the design wind pressure of a closed and retractable roof structure is calculated by KBC2016, AIJ2004, ASCE7-10, EN2005, and the applicability of wind pressure coefficient is compared with wind tunnel test.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.61-72
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• 2016

This study is about the structure and transition of orthogonal design of palace architectures in Joseon Dynasty. The results are as follows. First, Changdeokgung and Changgyeonggung Palaces' corridors, and their architectures seen in the Court Documentary Paintings have early Joseon style in the corner-connections. Their roof shape in the corner is gable roof. Generally, gable roof has direction. Besides, it is easy to extend gable sides. Second, Corridor of Gyeongbokgung Palace has hipped and gable roofs with corner eaves. It was popular during the late Joseon Dynasty. On the other hand, it is impossible to extend any sides of those roofs since they have roof faces in their four sides. Instead, they have completeness. That's why their aesthetic appeal exhibits more pleasing than gable roofs. Third, corner-connections of palace architecture shows evidences and traces of the transition from gable roofs meeting at right angle in the early Joseon to hipped and gable roofs meeting at right angle with corner eaves in the late Joseon. Also, the corner-connections with corner eaves were usually used even in the attached architectures.

• Journal of Korean Association for Spatial Structures
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.63-71
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• 2020

The fluctuating wind pressure of the low rise ratio(f/D=0.1) for the elliptical dome roof was analyzed to compare it with the previous studies of circular dome roofs. Wind tunnel test were conducted on a total of 10 wind directions from 0° to 90° while changing wall height-span ratios(H/D=0.1-0.5). For this, meanCP, rmsCP and wind pressure spectrum were analyzed. The analysis result leads to find differences in the shape of the spectra in the spanwise direction and leeward of the elliptical dome according to the wind direction variations of the elliptical dome roof.