• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
• /
• v.28 no.4
• /
• pp.627-659
• /
• 2022

This study aimed to translate and validate the Positive and Negative Ex-Relationship Thoughts (PANERT), a scale measuring the positive and negative valence of thoughts about past relationships in early adulthood. For this purpose, PANERT was translated into Korean and the study surveyed on 337 single male and female adults in their 20. Then, the gender difference between major variables was analyzed. After going through item analysis, all twelve original items were used to construct the Korean version of PANERT. The confirmatory factor analysis(CFA) supported the two factors structure of the Korean version of PANERT: positive vs, negative thought content valence. Also, the reliability coefficients of each two factors were all satisfactory. As a result of a correlation analysis, the criterion-related validity of the two sub-factors was good with other related scales(Intrusive rumination scale of K-ERRI, K-DASS-21-D, and K-PANAS-Revised) except for changes of self-perception. Finally, the research model was built to examine the mediating effect of two affect responses(positive and negative) in the relationship between two thought content valences and depression. In this process, the convergence and discriminant validity of the Korean version of PANERT were confirmed and the indirect effect was also confirmed in the structural equation model. In conclusion, the Korean version of PANERT consists of two factors and twelve items in total. Also, it is a reliable and valid tool for measuring the thought content valences in the romantic relationship breakup experience of early adults.

• Lingua Humanitatis
• /
• v.1 no.2
• /
• pp.161-178
• /
• 2001

This study investigates how Korean traditional family consciousness interacts with Korean industrialization in the 1970s. In Our Children, Lee Sun depicts a family's struggle within the turmoil brought about by rapid industrialization to escape from the ranks of the working class. It is well known that one of the consequences of industrialization was the breakup of the larger family structure into nuclear families, but Lee Sun presents Korea's industrialization in the 1970s in the light of the traditional Korean family culture before the breakup. In other words, he gives us a portrayal of Gemeinschaft in Gesellschaft in his description of the extended family's struggle to overcome the day-to-day pressures of modernization and urbanization. The novel presents three generations of a traditional extended family. The eldest son is portrayed as a knife, strong and sharp. His wife has a temporary job that she hopes to give up once they own a house, which symbolizes the family's escape from the working class. The relationship among the family members reveals the core aspects of the ideology governing traditional extended families: the husband is the despotic monarch of the household, solely responsible for the family's economy; the husband is the sky and the wife the earth; and children (the more the better) are expected to lead to stability, welfare, and prosperity. One curious aspect of this family relationship as portrayed by Lee Sun is the expectation that being the eldest son, who already is or will become the patriarch of the family, is the fastest way of reaching middle-class status. And, despite a slight reversal, the novel has a happy ending wherein the family's expectations are fulfilled without much suffering. This aspect should be considered in light of the revolutionary romantic idealism of the novels of the 1930s. The lack of suffering and the easy happy ending may be attributed to the fact that Korea's industrialization came about rapidly and radically, and therefore it is likely that Lee Sun was not able fully to appreciate the full costs of industrialization. This limitation calls for a deeper investigation into the social structure and class consciousness of the 1970s, and also a study of the intertextual relationship of Our Children with other novels of the time.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.304-314
• /
• 2020

This cross-sectional descriptive study investigated the influence of romantic relationships' characteristics, self-esteem and sexual autonomy on limerence in dating relationships among female college students who had or were currently engaged in a dating relationship. The data was collected through self-reported structured questionnaires from 167 female Korean college students using convenient sampling methods from November 25, 2012 to December 20, 2012. The data was analyzed using t-tests, one-way analyses of variance, Scheffe's test, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and multiple linear regression analysis with the IBM SPSS 23.0 program. The results showed that a significant difference was found in limerence according to the frequency of experiencing romantic breakup (F=4.16, p=.003), and limerence in dating relationships was negatively correlated with self-esteem (r=-.31, p<.001) and sexual autonomy (r=-.21, p=.006). Self-esteem and the frequency of romantic breakups explained 20% of limerence in dating relationships among the participants (F=8.03, p<.001). Therefore, as a strategy to solve the problems related to limerence during the period of dating, cognitive and educational interventions are needed to strengthen the self-esteem and sexual autonomy of college students who have had a high number of separations. In addition, early screening of college students with risk factors for limerence and providing problem-solving based counseling will help improve their psychological health.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
• /
• v.22 no.4
• /
• pp.69-85
• /
• 2016

Successful relationship with loving partners is one of the most important factors in life. In psychology, there have been some previous researches studying the factors influencing romantic relationships. However, most of these researches were performed based on statistical analysis; thus they have limitations in analyzing complex non-linear relationships or rules based reasoning. This research analyzes commitment and persistence in heterosexual involvement according to styles of loving using a datamining technique as well as statistical methods. In this research, we consider six different styles of loving - 'eros', 'ludus', 'stroge', 'pragma', 'mania' and 'agape' which influence romantic relationships between lovers, besides the factors suggested by the previous researches. These six types of love are defined by Lee (1977) as follows: 'eros' is romantic, passionate love; 'ludus' is a game-playing or uncommitted love; 'storge' is a slow developing, friendship-based love; 'pragma' is a pragmatic, practical, mutually beneficial relationship; 'mania' is an obsessive or possessive love and, lastly, 'agape' is a gentle, caring, giving type of love, brotherly love, not concerned with the self. In order to do this research, data from 105 heterosexual couples were collected. Using the data, a linear regression method was first performed to find out the important factors associated with a commitment to partners. The result shows that 'satisfaction', 'eros' and 'agape' are significant factors associated with the commitment level for both male and female. Interestingly, in male cases, 'agape' has a greater effect on commitment than 'eros'. On the other hand, in female cases, 'eros' is a more significant factor than 'agape' to commitment. In addition to that, 'investment' of the male is also crucial factor for male commitment. Next, decision tree analysis was performed to find out the characteristics of high commitment couples and low commitment couples. In order to build decision tree models in this experiment, 'decision tree' operator in the datamining tool, Rapid Miner was used. The experimental result shows that males having a high satisfaction level in relationship show a high commitment level. However, even though a male may not have a high satisfaction level, if he has made a lot of financial or mental investment in relationship, and his partner shows him a certain amount of 'agape', then he also shows a high commitment level to the female. In the case of female, a women having a high 'eros' and 'satisfaction' level shows a high commitment level. Otherwise, even though a female may not have a high satisfaction level, if her partner shows a certain amount of 'mania' then the female also shows a high commitment level. Finally, this research built a prediction model to establish whether the relationship will persist or break up using a decision tree. The result shows that the most important factor influencing to the break up is a 'narcissistic tendency' of the male. In addition to that, 'satisfaction', 'investment' and 'mania' of both male and female also affect a break up. Interestingly, while the 'mania' level of a male works positively to maintain the relationship, that of a female has a negative influence. The contribution of this research is adopting a new technique of analysis using a datamining method for psychology. In addition, the results of this research can provide useful advice to couples for building a harmonious relationship with each other. This research has several limitations. First, the experimental data was sampled based on oversampling technique to balance the size of each classes. Thus, it has a limitation of evaluating performances of the predictive models objectively. Second, the result data, whether the relationship persists of not, was collected relatively in short periods - 6 months after the initial data collection. Lastly, most of the respondents of the survey is in their 20's. In order to get more general results, we would like to extend this research to general populations.