• 한국분말야금학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국분말야금학회 2006년도 Extended Abstracts of 2006 POWDER METALLURGY World Congress Part 1
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• pp.633-634
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• 2006

The aim of present work is to link geometrical parameter of maximum area of structural defect $\sqrt{area}\;_{max}$ (proposed by Y. Murakami, 1983) with surface fatigue mechanisms. Determined relations allow making predictions of surface fatigue properties of cemented carbides (WC-Co hardmetal - H15 - 85wt% WC and 15wt %Co, TiC-based cermets - T60/8 - 60wt %TiC and Fe/8wt% Ni and T70/14 - 70wt %TiC and Fe/14wt% Ni) in conditions of rolling contact and impact cycling loading. Pores considered being equivalent to small defects. Three comparative defects conditions are distinguished: surface pore, just below free surface and interior pores. The Vickers hardness of binder (as main responsible for the fracture mechanism of hardmetal and cermets) assumed to be the basis of such assumption. The estimate of this prediction has been done by analyzing the pore sizes using the statistics of extremes. The lower bound of fatigue properties can be correctly predicted by considering the maximum occurring pore size.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.175-183
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to analyze the kinetic energy of putter head and ball movements during the process of impact. Highly skilled 5 golfers(less than 1 handicap) participated in this study and the target distance was 3 m. Movements of ball and putter head were recorded with 2 VHS video cameras(60 Hz, 1/500 s shutter speed). Small control object($18.5{\times}18.5{\times}78.5\;cm$) was used in this sdtuldy. Analyzing the process of impact, putter was digitized before 0.0835 s and after 0.0835 s of impact. Ball was digitized 0.1336 s after impact. The results showed that the maximum speed was appeared at Impact and prolonged for a while. Contact point of the club head was within 0.7 cm to the z axis. After contacting the club head, the ball was moved above the ground level(slide) and returned to the ground with sliding and rolling. After contacting the ground, the speed of ball was relied on the surface of the ground. During impact, 70% of kinetic energy of club head has been transferred to the ball.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제23권7호
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• pp.605-616
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• 2013

An important source of noise from railways is rolling noise caused by wheel and rail vibrations induced by acoustic roughness at the wheel-rail contact. In the present paper, characteristics of rail vibration and radiated sound power from concrete slab tracks for domestic high speed train(KTX) is investigated by means of a numerical method. The waveguide finite element and boundary element are combined and applied for this analysis. The concrete slab track is modelled simply with a rail and rail pad regarding the concrete slab as a rigid ground. The wave types which contribute significantly to the rail vibration and radiated noise are identified in terms of the mobility and decay rates. In addition, the effect of the rail pad stiffness on the radiated power is examined for two different rail pad stiffnesses.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.288-293
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• 2018

This study reported the dual functional self-cleaning PET fabrics prepared from $TiO_2$ and hexadecyltrimethoxysilane treatment, which have photodegradation and superhydrophobicity on the fabric surface. Phodegradation and superhydrophobicity of the resulting fabric were compared with $TiO_2$ or silane treated fabrics. The dual functional self-cleaning PET fabric showed less photodegradation than the $TiO_2$ treated fabric. However, the dual functional self-cleaning fabrics showed superior superhydrophobicity to silane treated fabric with increased water contact angle and significantly decreased roll-off angle. This suggested that the dual functional PET fabric has a great potential to be the commercialized self-cleaning fabric because it is repellent to soil or dust and even if soil or dust is adsorbed on the fabric surface, it can be removed by water rolling off on the surface or photodegradation by the photocatalyst.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.501-506
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• 2018

With the recent remarkable improvements in the average speeds of contemporary trains, a necessity has arisen for the development of new friction modifiers to improve adhesion characteristics at the wheel-rail interface. The friction modifier must be designed to reduce slippage or sliding of the trains' wheels on the rails under conditions of rapid acceleration or braking without excessive rolling contact wear. In this study, a novel composite material consisting of metal, ceramic, and polymer is proposed as a friction modifier to improve adhesion between wheels and rails. A blend of Al-6Cu-0.5Mg metallic powder, $Al_2O_3$ ceramic powder, and Bakelite-based polymer in various weight-fractions is hot-pressed at $150^{\circ}C$ to form a bulk composite material. Variation in the adhesion coefficient is evaluated using a high-speed wheel-rail friction tester, with and without application of the composite friction modifier, under both dry and wet conditions. The effect of varying the weighting fractions of metal and ceramic friction powders is detailed in the paper.

• 로봇학회논문지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.322-333
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• 2022

The Avatar robot, which is one of the teleoperation robots, aims to enable users to feel the robot as a part of the body to intuitively and naturally perform various tasks. Considering the purpose of the avatar robot, an end-effector identical to a human hand is advantageous, but a robotic hand with human hand level performance has not yet been developed. In this paper we propose a new 3-finger robotic hand with human-avatar hand posture mapping algorithm which were integrated with TOCABI-AVATAR, one of the teleoperation system. Due to the flexible rolling contact joints and tendon driven mechanism applied to the finger, the finger could implement adaptive grasping and absorb the impact force caused by unexpected contacts. In addition, human-avatar hand mapping algorithm using five calibration hand postures propose to compensate physical differences between operators. Using the TOCABI-AVATAR system with the robotic hands and mapping algorithm, the operator can perform 13 out of 16 hand postures of grasping taxonomy and 4 gestures. In addition, using the system, we participated in the ANA AVATAR XPRIZE Semi-final and successfully performed three scenarios which including various social interactions as well as object manipulation.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.171-179
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• 2002

운동 중에 있는 인체 무릎관절의 기능을 이해하기 위한 기구학적(Kinematic) 분석 과 동역학적(Kinetic) 분석을 행하는데 있어서 관절 표면의 기하학이 주요한 역할을 한다는 것은 잘 알려져 있다. 슬관절은 미끄러짐 (sliding)과 구름 (rolling) 운동을 고려하지 않고는 정확하게 모델 될 수 없다 본 연구에서는 미끄러짐 과 회전 운동 그리고 주요 인대 (ligament)를 고려한 3타원 인체 슬관절 모델을 제시한다 본 연구는. 슬관절의 전형적인측 평면 CT 영상의 확장으로부터 얻어진 두개의 캠 측면도를 이용하여 보다 실제에 가까운 관절의 기하학을 이용한 모델을 제시한다 개발된 모델은 보행 중 인체 슬관절을 통한 힘의 전달경로를 예측하는데 있어서 실험을 기초로 한 이전의 결과보고와 비교하여 볼 때 매우 잘 일치한다 대퇴골와 경골 사이의 접촉 점은 무릎의 굽힘이 진행되는 동안 전방에서 후방으로 이동하는데 이것은 무릎의 굽힘과 폄의 운동에 대한 전방/후방 운동의 커플링을 반영한 것이다. 본 연구에서 개발된 모델에 의하면 일회의 보행 사이클동안 경골 표면에 접촉 점의 전방/후방 이동변위는 바깥쪽 관절구 쪽이 약 16 mm 이고. 안쪽 관절구 쪽이 약 25 mm 이다 또한, 일회의 보행 사이클 동안 대퇴골 의 이동변위는 바깥쪽이 약 7 mm 그리고 안쪽이 약 10 mm 이다. 개발된 모델은, 관절의 퇴화를 진단 하는데 이용할 수 있는 가능성이 기대된다

• 비파괴검사학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.16-22
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• 1994

일반적으로 구름 베어링 시스템에 비해 발전용 터어빈이나 내연기관 엔진과 같은 저어널 베어링을 가진 시스템은 상대적으로 대형 설비이거나 더 가혹한 운전조건에서 가동되는 경우가 많다. 이런 회전기계류에서의 베어링의 파손은 설비의 운전 중단 및 관련 설비의 파손까지도 초래할 수 있게 된다. 따라서 이로 인한 보수에 소비되는 시간 및 경제적인 손실등을 피하기 위해서는 저어널 베어링의 조기파손 감지의,역할은 매우 중요하게 된다. 본 연구에서는 음향방출 기술을 이용하여 베어링에서 발생할 수 있는 파손의 조기검출을 위해 실험실용으로 직접 제작한 저어널 베어링 시스템을 이용하여 여러 형태의 비정상 조건을 만들어 가며 실험을 행하였다. 베어링 손상 및 피로의 주 요인으로서는 윤활유 부족, 윤활층에의 이물질의 혼입, 조립 불량 등이 대표적인 원인으로서 알려져 있으며 이에 근거하여 실험 조건을 윤활유에의 이물질 혼입, 윤활유 부족, 그리고 축과 베어링간의 금속간 접촉등의 인위적인 형태로 구성하여 실험하였다. 그 결과로서 음향방출 기술이 저어널 베어링의 조기파손 감지에 매우 효과적인 도구라는 것을 입증하였다.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.1-5
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• 2015

In this study, we apply an ultrasonic nanocrystal surface modification (UNSM) technique to radial journal bearings (JBs) and disks made of SUJ2 and SCM440, respectively. We investigate frictional properties of untreated and UNSM-treated specimens using a ball-on-disk tester. We construct the Stribeck curve at the boundary, under mixed and full hydrodynamic lubrication conditions for the specimens using friction data obtained from JB tests. The friction at the boundary lubrication condition and the transition period to mixed lubrication condition on the UNSM-treated specimens is reduced, which improves the service life of JBs. The major effects of this reduction in the three lubrication regimes can be explained in the terms of improved mechanical properties and the presence of micro dimples. Moreover, we estimate the friction and fatigue properties of SCM440 specimens using a ball-on-disk specimen under dry and oil-lubricated conditions. Friction test results reveal that the UNSM-treated specimens show lower friction coefficient than the untreated specimens under both dry and oil-lubricated conditions. We evaluate the fatigue properties of SCM440 specimens by calculating the Hertzian stress with respect to the failure cycles. Fatigue tests results also reveal that the UNSM-treated specimens possess a longer fatigue life than the untreated specimens. The improved properties are effective in increasing the energy efficiency of bearings.

• 대한용접접합학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한용접접합학회 2002년도 Proceedings of the International Welding/Joining Conference-Korea
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• pp.720-725
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• 2002

In recent years, techniques for micro-assembly with high repeatability under a scanning electron microscope (SEM) are required to construct highly functional micro-devices. Adhesion phenomenon is more significant for smaller objects, becanse adhesional force is proportional to size of the objects while gravitational force is proportional to the third power of it. It is also known that adhesional force between micro-objects exposed to Electron Beam irradiation of SEM increases with the elapsed time. Therefore, mechanical manipulation techniques using a needle-shaped tool by adhesional force are often adopted in basic researches where micro-objects are studied. These techniques, however, have not yet achieved the desired repeatability because many of these could not have been supported theoretically. Some techniques even need the process of trial-and-error. Thus, in this paper, mechanical and adhesional micro-manipulation are analyzed theoretically by introducing new physical factors, such as adhesional force and rolling-resistance, into the kinematic system consisting of a sphere, a needle-shaped tool, and a substrate. Through this analysis, they are revealed that how the micro-sphere behavior depends on the given conditions, and that it is possible to cause the fracture of the desired contact interfaces selectively by controlling the force direction in which the tool-tip loads to the sphere. Based on the acquired knowledge, a mode diagram, which indicates the micro-sphere behavior for the given conditions, is designed. By refening to this mode diagram, the practical technique of the pick and place manipulation of a micro-sphere under an SEM by the selective interface fracture is proposed.