• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.113-118
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• 2016

Hydatidosis has become a real concern for health care institutions and animal rearers in Tunisia. The Tunisian endemicity is aggravated by the growing number of dogs and the difficulty of getting rid of contaminated viscera because of the lack of equipment in most slaughterhouses. Therefore, microscopic and molecular tools were applied to evaluate the role of slaughterhouses in canine infection and Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (s. l.) egg dissemination. Exposure risk to E. granulosus s. l. eggs in urban and rural areas was explored in order to implant preventive and adapted control strategies. Microscopic examinations detected taeniid eggs in 152 amongst 553 fecal samples. The copro-PCR demonstrated that 138 of 152 taeniid samples analyzed were positive for E. granulosus s. l. DNA. PCR-RFLP demonstrated that all isolated samples belonged to E. granulosus sensu stricto (s. s.). An important environmental contamination index (25.0%) by E. granulosus s. l. eggs was demonstrated. The average contamination index from the regions around slaughterhouses (23.3%; 95% CI: 17.7-28.9%) was in the same range as detected in areas located far from slaughterhouses (26.0%, 95% CI: 21.3-30.8%). Echinococcosis endemic areas were extended in both rural (29.9%, 95% CI: 24.8-34.9%) and urban locations (18.1%, 95% CI: 13.0-22.9%). The pathogen dissemination is related neither to the presence/absence of slaughterhouses nor to the location in urban or rural areas, but is probably influenced by human activities (home slaughtering) and behavior towards the infected viscera.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.329-335
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• 2011

The finite element method (FEM) has been used for various fields like mathematics and engineering. However, the FEM has a difficulty in describing the geometric shape exactly due to its property of piecewise linear discretization. Recently, however, a so-called isogeometric analysis method that uses the non-uniform rational B-spline(NURBS) basis function has been developed. The NURBS can be used to describe the geometry exactly and play a role of basis functions for the response analysis. Nevertheless, constructing the NURBS basis functions in analysis is as costly as a meshing process in the FEM. Since the isogeometric method shares geometric data with CAD, it is possible to intactly import the model data from commercial CAD tools. In this paper, we use the Rhinoceros 3D software to create CAD models and export in the form of STEP file. The information of knot vectors and control points in the NURBS is utilized in the isogeometric analysis. Through some numerical examples, the accuracy of isogeometric method is compared with that of FEM. Also, the efficiency of the isogeometric method that includes the CAD and CAE in a unified framework is verified.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.21-28
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• 2007

Along with the development of telecommunication technology, educational role has been considerably changed and NEIS is introduced and operated for the digital educational administration. However, the function of NEIS is so limited when operated in each school. As a result, Korean government prepares the plan to install and operate a new School Affairs System by separating 3 areas from 27 areas of NEIS. School Affairs System has been used in schools since March, 2006. In this regard, this study attempts to analyze the current status and tasks of using the system in elementary schools. The result of the study shows that about 67% teachers use the system once or twice a day. Most of teachers answer that they get help from other teachers if they have any problem in operating the system. Many teachers affirmatively answer to the design and function of the system, and they are satisfied with the convenience and efficiency of the system. However, they feel difficulty to be familiar with the system sue to the frequent change. The importance of electronic certificate and personal information is well recognized and managed in terms of the security of the system. Facilities need to be well equipped, and information exchange system need to be developed to accept each school's request to improve the function of the system. In addition, applicable laws need to be arranged, clear guideline of educational administration agency and principal's strong intention are required to relieve teachers' work load.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.222-243
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to present basic data in the nursing practice for the management of living kidney donor by understanding the nature and meaning of kidney donors, experiences. The research subjects were 11 living kidney donors who had donated from Mar 1991 to Feb. 1994 and discharged from the 3 hospitals in Pusan. Data has been collected by Intensive interview with donors. The data analysis has made by phenomenological method of Van Kaam for understanding the phenomenon and meaning of their experiences. The experiences of kidney donors were analyzed into the 4 situations, that is,'motivation of kidney donor', 'decision time to make kidney donation', 'pre-opperation','after donation'. The descriptive expression and common elements were drawn from original data of each situation on the basis of subjects' own words. From each situation, the com-mon elements of kidney donors' experiences were integrated, summarized and described as follows 1. Motivation of kidney donation They wanted to donate their kidney because of empathy of pain on the groung of love to the recipient and with exppectation of successful kidney transplant or as a solution of economic difficulty. 2. Experiences in deciding to make kidney do-nation In deciding to make kidney donation, donors had love toward the recipients. But they experienced conflict too. 3. Experiences before being operated on donated kidney In experiences from deciding to make kidney do nation to preoperation, donors had love toward the recipients. But they also felt anxiety or dissatisfaction. Therefore, they controlled their mind by their faith, support of medical staff or support of society. And they experienced regret for the sociological cognition or financial apprehension. 4. Experiences after kidney donation After kidney donation, donors experienced satis-faction and accompplishment in spite of mental and physical discomfortness, while they felt sense of loss / disappointment, repentance, regret, and apprehension of progress toward their condition. Thus, kidney donors donated their kidney on the ground of empathy and love to the recipient and with expectation of successful kidney transplant. But during the process of kidney donation, they ex perienced conflict, love, anxiety, regret, apprehension of economy. And after donation, they felt sense of satisfaction and accomplishment, while they felt sense of discomfortness, loss / disappointment, re-gret, repentance, or apprehension of progress toward their condition. This result contribute to nurses' role not only for the management of living kidney donors but also for the management of cadaver donors' family.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.111-132
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• 1970

An analysis of nursing activities in a in-patient ward and its management was observed in order to assess necessary number of nursing hands and find out reasonable work management with them. The study was performed with two wards of St. Mary′s Hospital, Catholic Medical Center, for the period from July to December 1970. The results and conclusions were as the following 1. The role of the nurses are determined by doctor′s order in 57.7% in kind, 80.0% in amount. and by nurses decision 20.0% in amount. 2. Works related to patient care are found to be 20.6% in the internal medicine ward and 20.4% in the surgical ward while works related to treatment are 4.7% in the former and 27.2% in the letter. Medication occupies 40.0% in the internal medical ward while 26.6% in the surgery ward, and observation occupies 34.7% in the former while 25.8% in the letter. These can be said to reflect characteristic differences bet ween the two wards. 3. When nursing functions were evaluated by importance "A" level in the amount of works to be done occupied 67.6% in the surgical ward and 62.8% in the internal medical ward. In the kind of the important works, "B"level is found to be most frequent with 50% while "A"level 43%. When evaluated by difficulty, "B"level was found to be most frequent in amount in both internal medicine and surgical wards (52.6%, 38.2%). 4. Works needing professional knowledge and skills occupied 92% in the both wards while unprofessional works 2.8% and 4.2% respectively. There are indications, however, that unprofessional works have an increasing tendency. 5. When evaluated by the amount of works, the surgical ward has 11 nurses less and the internal medicine ward 3 nurses less then the necessary number of nursing staffs. There are shortage of 12 and 6 nurses respectively when evaluated by the number of patients and 18 nurses in the both wards when evaluated by the medical regulations of the Government. 6. The ratio of the nursing staff to patient was found to be 1:11.5, 1:23.0 and 1:34.5 in the morning, evening and night turn in the surgical ward. In the medical word the ratio was 1:9.4, 1:22.0 and 1:33.0. 7. The deficiency of necessary equipment and tension accompanying management of those equipment were found to lower the effective functioning of the head nurse who is a junior manager of the ward. They also consume much of the time and energy of the nurses at work who are over burdened in most of the cases. 8. The high rate of the number of nurses who leave the job impairs the functioning of team work which is considered to be most important in the effective performance of nursing activities and thus contributes to lower the efficiency of nursing functions.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.178-188
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• 1997

As a descriptive survey, this study was attempted to get basic data necessary to recognize the factors that disturb the therapeutic atmosphere of hospital wards as perceived by nurses and hospitalized patients, to identify differences between the perceptions of the nurses and of patients. The subjects, 159 patients in Pusan National Hospital and 68 nurses working there were sampled between March 18 and April 13, 1996. The tool used to measure the disturbing factors was an amended form of the one developed by Kim, Mae Ja(1983). The differences between each subject's score for each factor were analyzed using means & SD. and the highest 3 items above the mean score for each factor were collected and compared. The results are described below : 1. Subject's perception of main disturbing factors : patients reported that the main factors were 'loss of role & economic trouble', 'the prognosis of disease', 'the change of daily life' but nurses replied that the main factors were' the prognosis of disease', 'the communication trouble with the medical team & interpersonal relationships'. 'The change of daily life' was not a perceved factor by nurses, but ranked third by the patients. 2. Subject's perception degree of each disturbing factor : (1) among the items related to interpersonal relationship. the patient group reported that the worst disturbance was dur to severely ill patients in the same room' but the nurse group regarded 'greed to monopolize wheelchairs or other supplies' as the worst disturbance. (2) among the items related to physical factors. the patient group regarded 'limitations to wash their body, physical pain and limitations in physical activity' as the worst disturbance, but the nurse group regarded' physical pain', and 'limitations to activity or change of appearance' as the worst disturbance. (3) among the items related to the change of daily activity, the patient group regarded 'the boredom of hospitalization or infavorable diet' as the worst disturbance, but the nurse group regarded 'too much noise or unclean room' as the worst disturbance. (4) among the items related to the communication trouble with medical team, the patient group regarded 'the ignorance of their disease due to poor information. the inability to understand the language of the medical team or the difficulty in seeing physician in time' as the worst disturbance, but the nurse group regarded 'the inability to trust physicians and physician's poor attention to patients' as the worst disturbance.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.37-66
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• 2000

Volunteers activities in Health Centers are strategically important for the efficient utilization of human resource and local people's health promotion in community. With these backgrounds. this study is conducted to examine significant factors in relation to demand and utilization of volunteers in Health Centers. and the factors are the characteristics of Health Centers. volunteer management factors and external environment factors. Subjects in this study were 245 Health Centers all chosen. Data were collected from April. 12. 1999 to May. 31. 1999. and the data for analyses were ones of 116 respondents. Then. the data coded and submitted to Fisher's exact test. NPAR1WAY ANOVA, Correlation analysis. multiple regression analysis, multiple logistic regression analysis with SAS program. The key results from this study can be epitomized as follows: 1. 43.1% of responding health centers answered that they 'utilize volunteers'. The average number of volunteers who were engaged in responding health centers was 43, out of which 7 were men and 36 were women. As for the adequacy of the number of the volunteers. 55.1% responded 'not enough' and 30.6% responded 'adequate'. The more the number of volunteers needed. the more the number of utilizing volunteers is. When asked about their views concerning the utilization of volunteers in Health Centers. 88.7% of all respondents answered in the affirmative. The accountable factor for the utilization of volunteers was the present utilization of volunteers. 2. Concerning the reasons for using volunteers. 'to induce local people's participation in health services' was the highest comprising 76% of the responding health centers. 3. Most of volunteers were housewives and independent enterprisers. The most type of volunteer activities was 'just simple labor'. 4. As for the action duration of volunteers. 69.4% answered 'under 6 months'. The factor was significant difference with the action duration of volunteers was 'to provide social meeting' in the middle of rewards for volunteers. 5. Asked about the problem in utilizing volunteers. 53.2% answered 'the difficulty of recruitment and education for volunteers'. and 42.6% answered 'lack of budget and manpower needed for the utilization of volunteers.' 6. Concerning the evaluation of the performance by volunteers. 88% answered 'satisfactory'. With regards to the reason for that. 29.3% answered 'volunteers can provide various kinds of services' 7. 88.7% of responding health centers answered that they will continuously or newly utilize volunteers in the future. 8. The main health program services which expect utilization of volunteers were visiting health services(63.2%). old people's health services (25.3%). These were not significant difference with any explanatory variable. 9. The average number of volunteer needed in responding health centers was 38. The more the average number of utilizing volunteers. the more the number of volunteers needed is. The more the degree of financial independence. the more the number of volunteers needed is. In conclusions. Health centers are necessary to promote their role of recruitment. education and training for volunteers. the development of volunteer activities programs.

• Journal of Elementary Mathematics Education in Korea
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.487-521
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to investigate and analyze the effect of mathematics teaching experience during the teaching practicum on pre-service elementary teachers' beliefs about mathematics. The conclusions drawn from the entire research were, as follow: First, it can be said that mathematics teaching experience during the teaching practicum has a significant effect on the change of pre-service elementary teachers' beliefs about mathematics. Specifically, the teaching experience during the teaching practicum has statistically significantly negative effects(p=.05) on pre-service elementary teachers' beliefs about the teaching mathematics. Second, the factors which help pre-service elementary teachers the most in preparing for mathematics classes are collaborating teachers in charge of supervising them, the teacher's guidebook and materials acquired from the Internet. Third, pre-service elementary teachers are well aware of the importance of understanding students and emphasize concrete manipulative activities, but experience lots of failures due to difficulty of drawing students' attention. Fourth, collaborating teachers do not play a significant role in helping pre-service elementary teachers develop and change their beliefs about mathematics positively. The advise given by collaborating teachers to pre-service elementary teachers is mostly about simple techniques of managing the classroom. So, collaborating teachers do not affect significantly and positively on the change of pre-service elementary teachers' beliefs. Fifth, regardless of their belief tendency, pre-service elementary teachers teach more confidently and feel more satisfactory when they prepared for classes more thoughtfully and understanded students more deeply.

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.182-200
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• 2004

Purpose: This study is to explore the essence of those lives who have been living with their mothers- in- law for more than 10years since their marriage by applying Van Manen's hermeneutic phenomenological methodology. It consists of four steps such as concentration on the nature of lived experience, existential research, hermeneutic phenomenological reflection and hermeneutic phenomenological writing. Method: Six middle aged participants who have been living with mothers- in- law in middle size of cities were interviewed and observed with their written consent for one month from 20, April. 2000 to 20 May 2000. To expand insight by analyzing sayings, folks stories, writings, etymology of sigipsalee relevant to it were collected and reviewed. Result: Five essential themes were derived by repeated reviewing the transcription of those interview such as difficulty living with endless heart distress, feeling oppressed, feeling deeply lonely, having a stronger backing as time passes, in turn harmonizing with each other. On the basis of the five essential theme hermeneutic phenomenological writing was done as follow. Participants lived lives filled with uneasy feeling from the newly formed relationship among in laws but especially with mothers- in- law. Participants did their best to be acknowledged found that at a significant moment during family event they would be treated as strangers so that they felt isolated and alone. Mothers in laws played a dominant role in most of family decision even buying their children's clothes. Mother in laws rarely complemented them so that they felt inferior as a person. As time passes. Mothers-in-law and daughters-in-law become adjusted to this lifestyle with each other and assumed a more mature relationship which includes a mutual respect thus better harmony. Participants become to have stronger backing so that they express their opinion to mothers-inlaw. With time both of them are getting old, participants show form of pity to their mothers-in- law. Sometimes participant surprise themselves by noticing a change in their behavior to the same pattern Mothers-in-law have showed them. Conclusion: Although generalizations have limitations, findings resulting from the study will enrich family nursing knowledge and understanding the problems when living with mothers-in- law in the same house. It will give a cleared view of problems faced by middle aged korean women in the Korean patriarchal culture. Researchers have recommended to study experiences of married young adult korean women's generation and the findings compared with this study to show trends and changes.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.145-172
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• 2011

Prospective memory (PM) is memory for activities to be performed in the future, such as remembering to purchase a piece of fruit on the way home or remembering to give someone a telephone message. Theoretically, PM retrieval can be accomplished either by controlled monitoring of intended action or by a more automatic process that spontaneously responds to the presence of intended event. The present study examined the effect of meta-cognitive awareness in PM retrieval process. In Experiment 1, we manipulated PM condition with a salient cue to stimulate participants' meta-cognitive awareness. Results showed the salient cue condition spontaneously triggered remembering to perform an intended action. In Experiment 2, we manipulated participants' meta-cognitive awareness about PM task difficulty and about the degree to which cognitive capacity is required to realize the PM task. Results showed that PM retrieval process varied with meta-cognitive awareness (i.e., more resources were allocated if the PM task was expected to be difficult). These results imply that participants' meta-cognitive awareness play an important role in PM retrieval process.