• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.33-38
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• 2015

PURPOSES : The purpose of this paper is to investigate the application of thermoelectric technology to concrete structures for harvesting solar energy that would otherwise be wasted. In various fields of research, thermoelectric technology using a thermoelectric module is being investigated for utilizing solar energy. METHODS: In our experiment, a halogen lamp was used to produce heat energy instead of the solar heat. A data logger was used to record the generated voltage over time from the thermoelectric module mounted on a concrete specimen. In order to increase the efficiency of energy harvesting, various factors such as color, architecture, and the ability to prevent heat absorption by the concrete surface were investigated for the placement of the thermoelectric module. RESULTS : The thermoelectric module produced a voltage using the temperature difference between the lower and upper sides of the module. When the concrete specimen was coated with an aluminum foil, a high electric power was measured. In addition, for the power generated at low temperatures, it was confirmed that the voltage was generated steadily. CONCLUSIONS: Thermoelectric technology for energy harvesting can be applied to concrete structures for generating electric power. The generated electricity can be used to power sensors used in structure monitoring in the future.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.119-125
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• 2005

The current automotive is seeking the improvement of performance, the prevention of environmental pollution and the saving of energy resources according to miniaturization and lightweight of the components. And the variance analysis on the basis of structure analysis and DOE is applied to the lower control am. We have proposed a statistical design model to evaluate the effect of structural modification by performing the practical multi-objective optimization considering weight, stress and fatigue lift. The lower control arm is performed the fatigue analysis using the load history of real road test. The design model is determined using the optimization of acquired load history with the fatigue characteristic. The characteristic function is made use of the optimization according to fatigue characteristics to consider constrained function in the optimization of DOE. The structure optimization of a lower control arm according to fatigue characteristics is performed. And the optimized design variable is D=47 m, T=36mm, W=12 mm. In the real engineering problem of considering many objective functions, the multi-objective optimization process using the mathematical programming and the characteristic function is derived an useful design solution.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.62-70
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• 2007

The aiming ability is a to improve accuracy performance of the firing vehicle. This paper describes the detection method of chatter vibration using disturbance acceleration in the pointing structure. In order to analysis vibration trends of the pointing system occurred during vehicle drive, acceleration data was processed by using data processing algorithm with moving average and Hilbert transform. Specific mode constants of acceleration were obtained under various disturbances. Vehicle velocity, road condition, property of pointing structure were considered as factors which make change of vibration trend in vehicle dynamics. Finally, back propagation neural networks have been applied to the pattern recognition for the classification of vibration signal in various driving conditions. Results of signal processing were compared and analysed.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.85-93
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• 2008

This study analyzes areas, traffic lines and characteristics of block of traditional villages in order to suggest how to build urban village in the way that can solve problems occurring in residential areas these days. The study showed the following results: 1) Traditional villages have definite boundary and entrance, and the community area for the villages is close to the entrance to encourage community activities of villagers. 2) With an access in the form of a blind alley branched from the main road, traditional villages form a small-sized clustering and encourage community activities in a natural way. 3) Formed of block with a pattern of net, blind alley or standing in a line on both sides, traditional villages help residents to form close relations between. These findings suggest that for building desirable urban villages, 1) they should have definite boundary, 2) size and location of community area should be determined in the way to activate community activities of residents, 3) roads inside the village should have branched form rather than standardized check pattern so that small-sized clustering could be formed along the branched inner roads, and 4) clustering in villages should be arranged in a line on both sides or in the form of a blind alley giving consideration to the length and width of roads. The roads should be also of a closed type so that residents could create strong bonds with their neighbors.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.383-397
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• 2018

Traditional base isolation systems focus on isolating the seismic response of a structure in the horizontal direction. However, in regions where the vertical earthquake excitation is significant (such as near-fault region), a traditional base-isolated building exhibits a significant vertical vibration. To eliminate this shortcoming, a rocking-isolated system named Telescopic Column (TC) is proposed in this paper. Detailed rocking and isolation mechanism of the TC system is presented. The seismic performance of the TC is compared with the traditional elastomeric bearing (EB) and friction pendulum (FP) base-isolated systems. A 4-storey reinforced concrete moment-resisting frame (RC-MRF) is selected as the reference superstructure. The seismic response of the reference superstructure in terms of column axial forces, base shears, floor accelerations, inter-storey drift ratios (IDR) and collapse margin ratios (CMRs) are evaluated using OpenSees. The results of the nonlinear dynamic analysis subjected to multi-directional earthquake excitations show that the superstructure equipped with the newly proposed TC is more resilient and exhibits a superior response with higher margin of safety against collapse when compared with the same superstructure with the traditional base-isolation (BI) system.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.95-102
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• 2013

PURPOSES: The existing method evaluating the existence of the hollows in concrete pavement does not consider the stiffness of pavement. In addition, the method uses unreasonable logic judging the hollow existence by the deflection caused by zero loading. In this study, the deflection of slab corner due to heavy weight deflectometer (HWD) was measured in concrete pavement sections where underground structures are located causing the hollows around them. METHODS: The modulus of subgrade reaction obtained by comparing the actual deflection of slab to the result of finite element analysis was calibrated into the composite modulus of subgrade reaction. The radius of relative stiffness was calculated, and the relationship between the ratio of HWD load to the radius of relative stiffness and the slab deflection was expressed as the curve of secondary degree. RESULTS: The trends of the model coefficients showing width and maximum value of the curve of secondary degree were analyzed by categorizing the pavement sections into three groups : hollows exist, additional investigation is necessary, and hollows do not exist. CONCLUSIONS: The results analyzed by the method developed in this study was compared to the results analyzed by existing method. The model developed in this study will be verified by analyzing the data obtained in other sections with different pavement structure and materials.

• International Journal of Contents
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.15-29
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• 2021

The purpose of this paper is to explore how the Confucius Institute Chinese international promotion could better promote the development of China's foreign trade, by analyzing the distribution of the Confucius Institute worldwide, based on the theory of language economics, using SWOT analysis to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of the internal environment, opportunities and challenges of the external environment of Chinese international promotion of Confucius Institute. The following findings were gathered: as a language teaching institution and information exchange platform, Confucius Institute has the ability to share trade information and increase trade opportunities; to improve cultural identity and reduce transaction costs; to promote cultural communication and integration, and drive the development of related industries. The internal disadvantages were mainly reflected in the mismatch between the global regional distribution structure of Confucius Institutes, and the economic and trade structure, such as, the asymmetry between language, culture output, and demand. In addition, the management mechanism was not perfect. External opportunities were mainly new opportunities brought by economic globalization, cultural diversity, and the development of the Belt and Road initiative. External challenges were mainly influenced by the China threat theory and the fierce cultural competition among countries. The corresponding countermeasures were put forward based on the advantages of the platform and grasping the external opportunities: improving the quality of operation and speeding up the localization process; respecting cultural differences and realizing cultural common learning; seeking multilateral cooperation and enhancing the capacity for independent development.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.17-26
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• 2018

Connected car plays an important role on Intelligent Transport System (ITS). ITS is able to secure drivers' convenience and safety, however, the overall system can be threatened by hacking attempt. Blockchain is one strong candidate of the remedy to promote the security of the ITS network. However, there will be many challenges to adopt previously proposed blockchain technologies to ITS. This work presents a new ITS structure based on blockchain technology. Proposed scheme includes three major layers. The first layer is central manager which is initiated once to register a certain connected car. The third layer is RSU (Road Side Unit) layer which exploits PoS (Proof of Stake) for consortium blockchains and retains real-time information. In addition, this layer performs block expiration based on timers to maintain manageable block length. In the second layer, the generated blocks of the third layer without expiration are housed as private blockchains. We finally demonstrate possible merits of newly proposed scheme.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.12 no.9
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• pp.31-42
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• 2021

Purpose: After the reform and opening up, China's overall economic development has entered a new era. From mutual investment and trade transactions between domestic provinces and regions to investment and trade with foreign companies, the continuous supplement of investment funds makes the follow-up development of all aspects of economic development smoother and has played a strong impetus. effect. Foreign direct investment has many influences on the economic development of a country or region. Research design, data and methodology: This article uses the sample data of Shandong Province from 2011 to 2019 to analyze the foreign direct investment in Shandong Province by industry, region, method and other aspects, and study the relationship and influence between foreign direct investment and economic growth. Results: The results show that there is a relatively close relationship between foreign direct investment and economic growth, and it has played a role in promoting economic development in many aspects such as industrial structure, foreign trade, and employment. Conclusions: At the same time, corresponding suggestions are put forward based on the analysis and conclusions drawn.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.183-192
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• 2022

Function and performance degradation in tunnel structure can cause road's function loss, proactive maintenance is needed to prevent the initial damage from progressing to intensified damage. Inspection and diagnosis are implemented in accordance with regulations, but it does not fully reflect maintenance processes such as inspection and diagnosis, planning rehabilitation and carrying out. It was carried out for 5,540 cases inspection and diagnosis result in 1,728 tunnels was analyzed to suggest rational maintenance plan in this study.