• 한국도로학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국도로학회 2009년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.697-701
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• 2009

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제11권10호
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• pp.4005-4011
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• 2010

본 연구는 도로 다이어트 (차로폭 축소) 기법을 적용해 자전거전용도로를 확보한 부산시 남구 자전거도로 시범사업을 중심으로 자전거도로 설치가 자동차흐름에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 분석결과 비첨두시간 동안 자동차의 평균지체시간 및 평균정지횟수는 자전거전용도로 설치 후 다소 증가하였으나 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 나타내지 않은 반면, 첨두시간 동안 자동차의 평균지체시간 및 평균정지횟수는 자전거전용도로 설치 후 유의한 증가를 나타냈다(alpha=0.1). 첨두시간 분석결과는 교통량이 많을 경우 도로 다이어트가 차로혼잡의 가능성을 높일 수 있다는 기존 국외 연구 결과와 일치하며, 비첨두시간 분석결과는 여유용량으로 인해 자동차의 흐름이 도로 다이어트에 의해 큰 영향을 받지 않는 사실을 반영한 결과로 판단된다.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.71-78
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• 2010

급격한 도시화는 교통지체를 포함하여 다양한 교통문제를 유발하였다. 따라서 도로건설, 교통소통 위주의 정책을 통해 교통지체 문제를 해결하기 위해 노력하였다. 그러나 차량중심의 교통소통 정책의 한계를 인식하고 최근에는 인간중심의 녹색교통 정책으로 전환 되고 있다. 도로다이어트는 이러한 녹색교통의 하나로 추진되고 있는 개념이다. 도로다이어트는 차로수, 차로폭 등을 줄여서 확보된 공간에 자전거도로, 보행자를 위한 쾌적한 보행로 등 녹색교통을 위한 공간으로 활용하고자 하는 방법이다. 도로다이어트는 최근에 도이된 개념으로 아직 구체적이고 실증적인 연구가 많이 수행되지 못하고 있는 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 도로다이어트를 위한 차로폭 축소 방안에 대한 기초적이고 실증적인 연구를 수행하였다. 현장조사를 통해 차로를 주행하는 차량의 차로중심선에서 이격량을 분석하여 차량이 주행시에 필요로 하는 최소한의 차로폭을 분석하였다. 분석결과 소형차의 경우 조사지점별로 2.34~2.70m, 대형차의 경우에는 2.62~2.89m의 차로폭이 필요한 것으로 나타나 도로다이어트 등 설계자의 목적에 따라 차로폭을 다소 축소할 수 있도록 설계기준을 완벽할 필요가 있을 것으로 판단된다. 본 연구결과는 도로다이어트, 도로공사 등으로 인해 동행이 가능한 도록폭이 축소되었을 때 차로폭 축소를 위한 설계기준으로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.123-134
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• 2015

PURPOSES : The key point of a multimodal LOS (level-of-service) evaluation system is that all of the modes are mutually associated to determine each mode's LOS. For example, the LOS of the bicycle mode is measured based on not only bicycle volumes, but also automobile volumes. However, the Korea Highway Capacity Manual (KHCM) still focuses on the automobile mode in evaluating the LOS of the roads. Additionally, the KHCM's LOS of the other modes, except for the automobile, is not consistent with actual road conditions. The KHCM, therefore, needs to develop and introduce a multimodal LOS system in order to evaluate the service conditions more accurately. METHODS: As a preliminary step to the introduction of multimodal LOS research, in this study the current problem of the KHCM's LOS system through a close review and comparison with other HCMs (highway capacity manuals) was identified. Secondly, a field survey and investigation of the urban streets to apply the HCM's multimodal LOS system was conducted. Finally, a comparison analysis of the results of the HCM and KHCM LOS was performed. RESULTS: In the study, it was found that the results of the LOS for the automobile mode did not show a significant difference between the HCM and KHCM. However, the LOS of the bicycle and pedestrian mode tended to be worse in the multimodal LOS system, which results from considering the effects of the automobile mode. Moreover, it was found that many cases have the potential to improve the overall LOS conditions, while reducing the automobile capacity. CONCLUSIONS: With the introduction of the multimodal LOS system, road diet and complete streets can be easily applied to ans actual road improvement project. Ultimately, the multimodal LOS system should be introduced into the KHCM, which can then be applied to traffic impact studies and other road improvement projects for more accurate evaluations.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.155-158
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• 1996

Seventy two Black Bengal goats on road side grass based diet were fed on 0, 20, 40, 80, 100 or 120 g of fish meal (FM)/goat/day with or without ad libitum access to urea molasses block(UMB). The purpose was to assess the interaction of undegradable protein (UDP) and fermentable nitrogen(N) supplementation on feed intake, nutrient digestibility and growth of goats. Live weight gain of goats increased linearly with the increasing of dietary fish meal as an undegradable protein source. With the increasing level of fish meal the live weight gain(g/day) was 17, 23, 46, 48, 48 and 52 with urea molasses block and 12, 21, 31, 49, 47 and 47 without urea molasses block. It was concluded that the beneficial effects of urea molasses feeding to accelerate the dry matter intake, TDN intake and nutrient digestibility observed could not be exploited in terms of live weight gain.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.57-65
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 도시부도로의 곡선구간에서 주행차량의 횡방향 이격량을 분석하여 차량 주행에 필요한 최소 소요차로폭을 산정하였으며 본 연구결과와 선행연구에서 제시된 직선구간에서의 최소 소요차로폭을 비교 분석하였다. 이를 바탕으로 도로의 선형과 차종에 따라 곡선구간에서의 최소 소요차로폭을 제시하였다. 조사대상 곡선구간 도로의 차로폭은 2.79m~3.40m이다. 주행차량의 횡방향 이격량의 분포 및 조사대상 차량의 85%를 기준으로 누적분포를 분석하였다. 분석결과 곡선구간에서의 최소 소요차로폭이 소형차량의 경우 2.31m~2.58m, 대형차량의 경우 2.80m~3.27m로 산정되었다. 본 연구결과는 녹색교통 도입을 위한 공간, 도로공사 중, 소형차 전용도로의 건설 등에 활용될 수 있을 것이다. 또한 설계자의 목적에 따라 유연한 차로폭 설계기준의 적용에 필요한 기초적인 연구로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.97-106
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• 2010

지구온난화 등 기후변화로 지구가 위기를 맞이하고 있으며, 이에 따라 온실가스 감축은 시대의 흐름으로, 교통수단 중 자전거는 가장 빨리 이 목표를 가능하게 해주는 수단이다. 자전거 이용 활성화를 위해서는 자전거 인프라가 부족한 현 시점에서 자전거 전용도로를 새로이 건설하는 것이 효과적이나, 공간확보가 어려우므로 도로다이어트가도시 내에서 자전거전용차로를 확보하기 위한 가장 현실적인 대안이다. 그러나 도로다이어트에 대한 효과분석이 이루어진 사례는 거의 없다. 본 연구에서는 도로다이어트에 의한 자전거전용차로 설치 시 자전거수단분담률 변화에 따른 각 수단의 전환율을 산정하였으며 이로부터 편익을 추정하였다. 현재 자전거의 수단전환 모형이 구축되어 있지 않아 자전거로의 전환량 목표를 설정한 후 다른 수단의 전환량을 모형을 이용하여 추정하였다. 사례지역으로 서울을 선정하였으며 SECOMM 모형을 이용하여 분석하였다. 기존의 통행시간 절감편익 이외에 건강증진, 환경오염, 에너지절감 편익 등을 고려하였다는 것이 타 연구와의 가장 큰 차이점이라 볼 수 있으며, 도로다이어트의 시행으로 수단들의 총 통행시간이 증가하지만 자전거의 분담률이 5% 정도가 되면 상쇄하는 것으로 분석되었다. 분담률이 2% 일 때 통행시간 절감편익은 (-)이지만 전체 편익은 (+)이며 분담률이 5%를 넘어설 때엔 통행시간 절감편익도 (+)가 되는 것으로 분석되었다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권15호
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• pp.6243-6247
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• 2015

Background: Thyroid cancer (TC) is a more common endocrine malignancy in females and is a major cause of death in developing countries. Therefore the aim of this study was to explore possible risk factors of thyroid cancer in females of Pakistan. Materials and Methods: This study covered 232 females, including 127 (54.7%) cases and 105 (45.2%) controls, from the INMOL Hospital and Sheikh Zayed Hospital, Lahore. Different risk factors were explored by the descriptive and inferentially statistics. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for different risk factors were computed using logistic regression. Results: The results showed six risk factors, marital status, family history of thyroid cancer, iodine in the diet, oxidative stress, fast food and fried food, to demonstrate positive significant links to thyroid cancer (odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals of :2.152, 1.104-4.198; 2.630, 1.416-4.887; 2.391, 1.282-4.458; 4.115, 2.185-7.750; 3.656, 1.851-7.223; 2.357, 1.268-4.382; and 2.360, 1.199-4.643, respectively). Conclusions: The Oxidative stress, marital status, family history of cancer, fast food, use of iodine diet and fried food are the risk factors of thyroid cancer in females.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.102-105
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• 2002

Seventy-two crossbred pigs weighing an average of 41.5 kg were assigned on the basis of sex, weight and litter to one of four dietary treatments in a factorial (4 treatments${\times}$2 sexes) arrangement. The control diet was based on barley and soybean meal while the experimental treatments consisted of diets in which a portion of the dietary protein was supplied by 20% of a 50:50 blend of extruded ($130^{\circ}C$ for 20 to 25 sec) peas and full-fat canola seed, 20% of a 50:50 blend of unextruded peas and full-fat canola seed or a diet containing 10% peas, 6% canola meal and 4% canola oil (to equal the level of canola oil provided by 10% whole canola seed). Digestibility coefficients for dry matter, crude protein and gross energy were significantly higher (p<0.05) for the control diet than for the other three diets. Extrusion produced no beneficial effects (p>0.05) on nutrient digestibility and there were no differences in digestibility between the diet based on intact canola seed compared with the diet containing canola meal and oil. Choice of protein supplement had no significant effects on gain, feed intake or feed conversion during the grower or finisher phases and over the entire experimental period. Extrusion of the pea-canola blend produced no beneficial effects on pig performance as the performance of pigs fed either the extruded or unextruded blend of peas and canola seed was similar. In addition, the performance of pigs fed diets containing intact canola seed was similar to that of pigs fed canola meal and oil. Castrates gained faster and consumed more feed than gilts (p<0.05). However, their feed conversion was poorer than that of the gilts during the finisher period. There were no significant differences in carcass traits between pigs fed the control and any of the experimental treatments. Extrusion had no effect on carcass traits and the carcasses of pigs fed canola meal and oil did not differ from those of pigs fed whole canola seed. Castrates had a significantly lower dressing percentage, lower estimated lean yield but greater loin fat depth than gilts (p<0.05). The results of this experiment indicate that peas in combination with canola seed or canola meal are an acceptable alternative to soybean meal as a protein supplement for use in growing-finishing swine diets. Extrusion did not appear to have any beneficial effects on the nutritional value of the canola seed-pea blend as nutrient digestibility, growth performance and carcass traits were similar for pigs fed the unextruded blend of peas and canola seed compared with the extruded product. Since the process adds to the cost of the raw products, its use is unlikely to be economical.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.485-490
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• 2001

Farmers in the centre of Vietnam have a tradition of dosing young cattle with groundnut oil before fattening them on a diet of rice straw and road-side grass. These farmers claim the cattle grow faster. It was hypothesized that the effect of the oil could be to eliminate the protozoa from the rumen. This is known to increase the net microbial growth efficiency in the rumen and increase the protein supply to the animal. To test this hypothesis, two experiments were undertaken; one on-station with four cattle fitted with rumen cannulae and the second a growth trial with 25 young cattle in smallholder farms. When the cannulated animals were drenched with groundnut oil, the protozoa were eliminated from the rumen and animals could be kept free of protozoa by isolation. The ammonia concentration in the rumen fluid was decreased when the protozoa were eliminated and there was an indication of improved rumen dry matter degradability of the forage components of the diet. In the practical condition on the smallholder farms, the growth rates of cattle drenched with groundnut oil were increased considerably (65%) compared with untreated control animals. The laboratory results when taken together with the on-farm results indicate that these resource-poor farmers had been able to defaunate their cattle and to maintain the fauna-free state by isolation of their animals from extraneous stock. This traditional practice in Central Vietnam, whereby one family keeps only one or two animals that are hand fed and tethered, has quite a large potential for all of those countries where animals are fed agro-industrial by-products, as it is highly economic. The use of 1 litre of oil compared with 1 kg of rice polishing per day (300 kg over 300 days), would be highly profitable in all countries of South-East Asia.