• 한국수자원학회논문집
• /
• 제38권1호
• /
• pp.37-48
• /
• 2005

본 연구에서는 국내ㆍ외의 하천자연도평가에 관한 방법을 조사하고, 국내에서 연구ㆍ제안된 하천자연도평가방법에 따라 내린천, 복하천과 안양천의 3개하천의 시범평가를 시행하였다. 시범평가 결과, 자연상태가 비교적 잘 보전된 내린천은 2등급, 인위적인 훼손에서 회복단계에 있는 복하천은 3등급, 인위적인 훼손이 심각한 안양천은 4등급으로 평가되어 비교적 하천의 생물서식처의 훼손정도를 적절히 반영하고 적용성이 우수한 것으로 검토되었다. 따라서 본 평가방법을 국가하천 및 지방1급하천 등 대하천에서도 적용이 가능하도록 평가부문 및 평가항목을 개선하여 하천의 생물서식처 복원을 위한 하천자연도평가 방법과 절차를 제안하였다. 금번 제안한 하천자연도평가는 하천형태와 하천환경의 2개 평가부문과 14개의 평가항목으로 구성하고, 평가척도는 자연성 저감정도에 따라 5등급으로 구분하였으며, 평가단위는 최적간격을 2,000m∼3,000m로 하였다.

• Animal cells and systems
• /
• 제6권3호
• /
• pp.215-219
• /
• 2002

In mid-April, 2000, hundreds of thousands of fish floated dead on the Chungnang River, one of the small branches of the Han River in Seoul. We examined the causes of the accident in detail, through analysis of monitorinq data from the Han River Monitoring Project, which employed the transplanted aquatic moss, Fontinalis antipyretica. This allowed investigation of another possible cause of the fish kill: release of trace metals into the river from industrial sources during the rainfall event. In addition, we aimed to verify the usefulness of aquatic mosses as bioindicators of the event. Water samples collected 48 h after the fish kill exhibited low pH and high Total-N and Total-p, indicating that acidic compounds rich in nitrogen and phosphorus might be a major contaminant. BOD and COD were also very high. On the whole, the conditions of the river water were degraded at that time. Distinct trends were not observed in the chlorophyll phaeophy-tinization quotient and photosynthesis rate of transplanted mosses. How-ever mosses sampled soon after the accident exhibited the lowest values for those variables (P < 0.01), suggesting that stress factors in the river were diluted out over time. Heavy metals with characteristics of industrial effluents (Cr, Pb, Zn, Fe, Cu, and Cd) increased (p ＜ 0.01), indicating that they were unlikely to be major causes of the accident.

• 한국물환경학회지
• /
• 제29권5호
• /
• pp.625-629
• /
• 2013

The objective of this study is to develop and evaluate simple and multiple regression models for Total Organic Carbon (TOC) concentration estimation in stream flow. For development (using water quality data in 2012) and evaluation (using water quality data in 2011) of regression models, we used water quality data from downstream of Yeongsan river basin during 2011 and 2012, and correlation analysis between TOC and water quality parameters was conducted. The concentrations of TOC were positively correlated with Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), TN (Total Nitrogen), Water Temperature (WT) and Electric Conductivity (EC). From these results, simple and multiple regression models for TOC estimation were developed as follows : $TOC=0.5809{\times}BOD+3.1557$, $TOC=0.4365{\times}COD+1.3731$. As a result of the application evaluation of the developed regression models, the multiple regression model was found to estimate TOC better than simple regression models.

• 한국물환경학회지
• /
• 제39권6호
• /
• pp.439-450
• /
• 2023

The Yeongsan River, a major water resource for Jeollanam-do, that is adjacent to industrial complexes and agricultural areas, is exposed to water pollution. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the impact of water pollution incidences and prepare response systems for river environment safety for other water resources in the future. Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code (EFDC) was applied to the mainstream of the Yeongsan River where residential, commercial, and agricultural areas are located to analyze the behavior of pollutants conducting the scenario analysis. Considering the pollutants that affected the study area, two pollutants, oil and benzene, with different physical and chemical characteristics were selected for the analysis. As a result of comparing the actual and simulated values of the water elevation, temperature, and flow rate, it was confirmed that the model adequately reproduced the hydraulic characteristics of the Yeongsan River. The oil flow dynamics showed that an increase in flow rate led to reduction in the maximum height of the slick. Notably, the behavior of the oil was predominantly influenced by the wind conditions. In the case of benzene, lower flow scenarios exhibited decreased arrival times and residence times accompanied by an elevation in the maximum concentration levels. From the results of pollutant behavior in the study area, it is feasible to utilize the section of tributary confluence for collection and the weir area for dilution. This study enhances the understanding of the pollutant's behavior with different characteristics and develops effective control systems tailored to the physicochemical attributes of pollutants.

• 한국농공학회지
• /
• 제35권3호
• /
• pp.117-129
• /
• 1993

This study was conducted to get reasonable and abundant hydrological time series of monthly flows simulated by a best fitting stochastic simulation model for the establishment of rational design and the rationalization of management for agricultural hydraulic structures including reservoirs. Comparative analysis carried out for both statistical characteristics and synthetic monthly flows simulated by the multi-season first order Markov model based on Gamma distribution which is confirmed as good one in the first report of this study and by Harmonic synthetic model analyzed in this report for the six watersheds of Yeong San and Seom Jin river systems. 1.Arithmetic mean values of synthetic monthly flows simulated by Gamma distribution are much closer to the results of the observed data than those of Harmonic synthetic model in the applied watersheds. 2.In comparison with the coefficients of variation, index of fluctuation for monthly flows simulated by two kinds of synthetic models, those based on Gamma distribution are appeared closer to the observed data than those of Harmonic synthetic model both in Yeong San and Seom Jin river systems. 3.It was found that synthetic monthly flows based on Gamma distribution are considered to give better results than those of Harmonic synthetic model in the applied watersheds. 4.Continuation studies by comparison with other simulation techniques are to be desired for getting reasonable generation technique of synthetic monthly flows for the various river systems in Korea.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
• /
• 제21권6호
• /
• pp.759-770
• /
• 1998

biotic indices scoring with the benthic macroinvertebrates were assessed as pollution monitoring tools in the north branch of the Han River system, Korea. We investigated the temporal variability of water quality at unpolluted, moderately polluted and heavily polluted sites using several biotic indices and assessed appropriate biological monitoring indices for lotic systems in Korea. The following biotic and chemical indices were employed in order to compare their applicability to the lotic systems : Trent Biotic Index (TBI), Chandler's Biotic Index-Average Score per Taxon (CBI-ASPT), Modified Biological Monitoring Working Party Score System-Average Score per Taxon (BMWP-ASPT), Hilsenhoff's biotic Index (BI) and Family-level Biotic Index (FBI) models for biotic analyses and National Sanitation foundation's Water Quality Index (NSFWQI) and comprehensive Chemical Pollution Index (Pb/n) for chemical analyses of water quality. Index and score values were compared with each other and with 24 water chemistry parameters. All biotic indices were significantly auto-correlated (p<0.001) and BI and FBI/ROK among them were highly correlated (r=0.84). BI and BMWP-ASPT models were also highly correlated with NSFWQI, while TBI values showed high correlation with the Pb/n. The BI and BMWP-ASPT were highly correlated with the most water chemistry parameters. We conclude that the BI model, which includes indicator species and abundance of taxa, is best suited for the bioassessment of lotic systems in Korea. For rapid field-based assessments, FBI/ROK and BMWP-ASPT models are also appropriate.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
• /
• 제7권6호
• /
• pp.328-331
• /
• 2008

Corrosion behaviour of water intake gate steel structures with different protective measures was investigated. Five material alternatives were taken for investigation, including: imported and recycled stainless steel, carbon steel with hot zinc spraying, painting and composite coatings. Results of corrosion rate for carbon steel, SUS 304, hot zinc spray coats in three water systems of Mekong river basin (saline, blackish and fresh) were also presented. Corrosion rate of carbon steel decreased with decreasing salinity in the investigated water environments. Meanwhile, these values for zinc coated steel, behaved by another way. Environmental data for these systems were filed and discussed in relation with corrosion characteristics. Method of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) was applied in materials selection for water intake gate construction. From point of Life Cycle Cost (LCA) the following ranking was obtained: Zinc sprayed steel < Recycled stainless steel < Composite coated steel < Painting steel < SUS 304 From investigated results, hot zinc spray coating has been applied as protective measure for steel structures of water intake systems in Mekong river basin.

• 한국지역지리학회지
• /
• 제11권1호
• /
• pp.40-53
• /
• 2005

영산강은 내륙수로로서 중요한 기능을 수행하였으나, 1981년 영산강하구둑 축조 이후에 주운기능이 소멸되었다. 그 이후에 영산강 하류지역을 중심으로 주운복원과 활용방안에 대한 주장이 제기되어 지금까지 지속되고 있으나, 이러한 논의들이 영산강의 지형적, 수문학적인 특성에 충분히 기초하지 못하고 있다. 영산강 주운복원 및 활용은 과학적인 타당성을 기초로 추진되어야 하는데, 영산강의 특성을 고려할 경우, 주운복원은 구진포에서 영산강하구둑까지 수심이 얕은 일부 구간의 저수로를 준설하여 환경탐사, 생태관광을 목적으로 하는 소형 선박을 운항하는 방안이 바람직하다. 영산강 주운복원 및 활용방안을 모색하기 위해서는 자치단체, 유관기관, 전문가, 민간단체 등이 거버넌스에 입각하여 참여와 협력 체계를 구축하는 것이 필요하다.

• 한국지구과학회지
• /
• 제24권4호
• /
• pp.346-360
• /
• 2003

광주광역시 하천에 분포하는 표층퇴적물의 지구화학적 특성을 살펴보기 위하여 영산강 본류, 황룡강, 광주천에서 채취한 시료를 대상으로 입도, 금속원소, 유기탄소의 함량에 대한 분석을 실시하였다. 퇴적물의 입도는 잔자갈에서 니질 크기로 다양하게 나타났다. 퇴적물 내 금속원소의 함량변화는 영산강 본류와 황룡강에서는 퇴적물 입도와 주변 지질에 의한 의존성을 보였다. 광주천에서는 생활하수 등의 유기물에 의한 많은 영향을 받은 것으로 나타났다. 퇴적물에 함유된 금속원소들의 오염을 알아보기 위한 부화계수와 농집지수는 영산강 본류와 황룡강이 특별하게 오염되지 않음을 지시한다. 그러나 광주천에서는 부화계수가 P=8.30, Cu=5.54, Zn=14.28, Pb=7.41 등으로, 농집지수는 P=3.78, Cu=2.79,Zn=3.66, Pb=1.59 등을 보였다. 특히, 광주천의 지류인 서방천과 동계천 등이 유입되는 지점에서 중금속 오염이 상당히 진행된 것으로 보여진다. 따라서, 광주광역시를 관류하는 하천들의 금속오염은 상당 부분 도시지역의 생활 하수에서 비롯된 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국물환경학회지
• /
• 제27권6호
• /
• pp.868-876
• /
• 2011

A five-year field monitoring was conducted to monitor characteristics of suspended solid (SS) export from paddy fields. The observed EMCs of SS ranged 1.2~517 mg/L (avg. 52.1 mg/L) during storm period. The concentration of SS during non-storm period were 1.1~349.5 mg/L (avg. 36.1 mg/L). Monthly load of SS was high during summer when rainfall amount was high. The load was higher than that of May when tillage effect is expected. There was no significant relationship between SS EMCs and rainfall or drainage amount. However, effects of rainfall and drainage were found to be significant for event load of SS. But, there was no apparent relationship between rainfall amount of cropping period and load of SS for that period. The observed SS load was 164.8~456.0 kg/ha (avg. 301.2 kg/ha) and mostly occurred during storm period. This study results also suggested that SS load estimation by USLE equation for paddy field could be overestimated, if not carefully handled. Monitoring studies for various climate, soil, and agricultural management are required to get better scope of SS export from paddy fields.