• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.199-213
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• 1995

Multi-religious situation with one of the greatest characteristics in Korea society is forming the basic to induce the conflict among the religious, The outline of the research is as follows; 1. The religious conflict are occurred between Christiianity and Buddhism·Shamanism·Nonchurch 2. The problems of sacrificial rite oneself's persistent demand for religion and the other side's disallowance against the religion and so on are indicated as one of the complication problems with the heaviest weights. 3. The power structure in family the status of branch family the rank of sibling oneself's religion and so on are related as major variables which influence the religious conflict. 4. The outcomes from religious conflict are forming on tacit consent boycott discontinuation frequent quarrels and so on. 5. Most of the persons concerned about the religious conflict are put a great value on both home and religion and they are endearing for the harmony of them.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.327-331
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• 1996

This experiment was conducted to establish the efficient extraction condition for anthocyanin and tannin pigments contained in rice bran of colored rices. Efficiency of the pigment extraction was maximum when the concentration of mired solvent of methanol(3) : ethanol(7) was 70%. In purple rite(anthocyanin pigment), ‘Kilimheugmi’, 80% ethanol containing 0.5% malic acid showed the highest extraction efficiency and stability with a maximum absorbance wavelength$(\lambda_{max})$ at 538 nm. In red rice(tannin pigment), ‘Jagwangdo’, 80% ethanol containing 0.01% citric acid showed the highest extraction efficiency and stability with a maximum absorbance wavelength$(\lambda_{max})$ at 456 nm. The relative optical density of the pigments increased until the solvent temperature was reached at $70^{\circ}C$, but drastically decreased over at $90^{\circ}C$ due to color change. The higher amount of the pigment was ertracted from the longer shaking time of the solvent. Ten minutes was enough for the grinding time of rite bran in solvent. Supernatant of the pigment extractives after one day storage at $4^{\circ}C$ in dark chamber revealed higher optical density than the filtration of the pigment extractives.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.416-427
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• 2010

In this study, we attempted to elucidate the cultural characteristics of Korean food based on a traditional understanding on the Korean novel. To achieve this, food characteristics related to 'rites of passage' were analyzed in the representative Korean literary work "Hon-bool", which describes the life of a first-son's wife every three generations in the going to ruin but historic 'Lee's family of Maean district' family and the life of the common 'Geomeong-gul' people who lived with farming on the Lee's land at Namwon of Junbook province in the 1930~1940s, during the Japanese Colonial rule. Every nation possesses rites of passage at important points in life, such as at birth, age of majority, wedding and death. Korean culture, in particular, has several memorial rites relating to birth, death and passage into the afterlife in which special foods are prepared. In this manner, ceremonial foods represent the Korean peoples' traditional vision of the universe and life. The book "Hon-bool" describes these traditions. Especially, the book describes the table-settings related to the main character's childbirth, first birthday, wedding and death. Therefore "Hon-bool" represents a living history of Korean traditional food and the work of storytelling through the traditional understanding is expected that perform an important role in making of cultural contents of Korean foods.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.69
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• pp.349-371
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• 2017

"Hajaeilgi(荷齋日記)" was written by Ji Gyu-sik, a gongin of Saongwon(司饔院)'s branch, almost everyday for 20 years and 7 months from January 1st, 1891 until the leap month of June 29th, 1911. It deals with many different areas including domestic and foreign circumstances, custom, rituals, all the affairs related to the branch, and also everyday life events he did see or hear about. Particularly, Ji Gyu-sik did not belong to the yangban class, and we can hardly find diaries written by such class' people. Here, what this author pays attention to among the things written in "Hajaeilgi" is the contents about folklore. Ji Gyu-sik wrote in his "Hajaeilgi" about things related to folklore, for example, seasonal customs, folk plays, rituals, or folk beliefs that were actually practiced then as a person not belonging to the yangban class. Such diaries are rare, and its value is highly appreciated as a material, and it is meaningful in the aspects of folklore as well. Therefore, as part of the work to look into folklore found in "Hajaeilgi", this author focuses on national rituals and folk beliefs in it. The things that have been discussed earlier can be summed up as follows: About national rituals, it is sorry that it only deals with the emperor's enthronement and emperor and crown prince's birthday in garye(嘉禮); however, it is meaningful to know that the people faithfully carried out national ceremonies and celebrations then. Particularly, it is noteworthy that during the national ceremonies or celebrations, students were asked to sing the national anthem. About hyungrye(凶禮), only it deals with the court funeral rite. Aside from Minbi's funeral rite, the court funeral rite was performed properly at the right time according to the procedure like before, and also, it seems that the people fulfilled it faithfully by order of the government. Also, it can be learned from it that Japanese killed Minbi, burned the body with oil, and left the ashes behind. About folk beliefs, the branch held a memorial service at the shrine of the town regularly. The town, too, performed Gocheongsinsa each year. The money needed for the memorial service was collected from the town people differently according to their financial situations, and they prepared for jesu for the ancestral rite altogether. The memorial service was carried out in Sansindang or Bugeundang, too, and it was common that they summoned a shaman to perform a gut. The diary is valuable as material. After being a Christian, Ji Gyu-sik once tried to abolish sinsa jesa held in hoesa and get rid of saesin(賽神), that is, a gut or pudakgeori, but he had no choice but to follow the precedent. Meanwhile, it is also noteworthy that when the town suffered from floor and infectious disease, Ji Gyu-sik installed an altar in front of his house for the town's wellbeing and health, prepared for jesu including offerings and drinks, and held a memorial service to Hwangcheonhuto(皇天后土; the gods of heaven and earth) accompanied with the town people. Also, when he had any hardships in his family, Ji Gyu-sik summoned a shaman for a gut or offered a devout prayer to the mountainous god. Such shamanism or the things like worshiping Gwanseongjegun(關聖帝君) mostly in the beginning of January and telling fortunes about the year were all folk beliefs. This was very popular among the people, and it seems that it was deeply rooted in his life as well. Also, Ji Gyu-sik supported Fengshui beliefs, and it seems that it is not different from the people's general tendencies, either. As described above, "Hajaeilgi" dealing with national rituals and folk beliefs in it is valuable as material and is meaningful for research on forklore, and moreover, it is also significant in the aspects of forklore as well.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.35-44
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• 2003

In Anthropology, ceremonies which human should pass in lives are difined as ‘Rites of Passage’. Each Rite has its own Clothing style, which is little different from general Clothing in shape, composition, color, meaning, etc. This Study shows composition and characters on Birth Ceremony Clothing through Documents and Survey around Chonnam Area. Survey Area is subdivided into 3 parts : Koksung(A Basin of Sumjin River-Eastern Area of Chonnam), Na-ju( A Basin of Yeongsan River-Western Area of Chonnam), and Kangjin(Southern Area of Chonnam). This Study analyses characters on Baenaet Jogori, 100th-day Clothing and First-birthday Clothing in Chonnam Area. In case of Baenaet Jogori, its shape in Survey is similiar to that of documents. In case of 100th-day Clothing, New Jogori and Baji have been made usually. First-Birthday(called “Dol”) Clothing shows difference between male and female infant. Male clothing consists of Pungcha Baji, Jokki, Magoja, Doltti while Female clothing consists of Pungcha Baji, Chima, Jumoni, and Doltti. In making of infant Clothing, 5-colors(Blue. Red, Yellow, White, Black) which consists of basic color in the Theory of the cosmic dual forces and Shape of Letters such as 壽ㆍ福ㆍ亞ㆍ卍 are used usually. This kind of colors and Shape of letters symbolize longevity and fortune. As a result of study, I find what Ritual Clothing in Birth has many symbolic meaning which reflects life-style culture. This study lay meaning on that deals infant clothings as a kind of Ritual Clothing.

• Journal of Science of Art and Design
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• v.6
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• pp.226-248
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• 2004

The researcher has tried to develop the aesthetic value of the art and the function of metalwork in conjunction with our daily life. especially has been eager to develop the new possibility of metal urns through the investigation of ordinary metalwork. Funeral urns are vessels to fill the ashes of bodies. As the social issues, including problems of restricted land territory and environmental pollution are awakening, many people are much concerned about the use of urns in recent days. Although social concerns about cremation and urns are getting high, most urns in Korea have been made of ceramic and stone. The shape of old urns are pot style with lids, and their color is simple white or jade green. Moreover, old urns are expensive, unpractical, simple, and furthermore, the feature of urns has not preserved the sense of beauty. In this context, we have narrow choices to select urns, and it has been difficult for us to be familiar with the old-style urns. Therefore, the need for developing metal urns are necessary as the increase of public concerns towards cremation is widely spreading. As it is well known, metal is not only regarded as hard, antibacterial, pro-environmental material , but also regarded as good substance for urns. Metal is also suitable for making urns because of metal's characteristics of easy processing, mass production, and cheap price. The researcher has been tried to find the possibility of art of metalwork through the dissemination of metal urns to the public. The researcher has also attempted to represent the characteristics and symbolic implications of contemporary metal urns for ordinary people to adopt metal urns as their 'Rite Haven'.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.25-36
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• 2009

Coastal village and Inland village was village in jeju. This study was cultural elements of stone to village in jeju. Memorial Stone and Stone Monument Street, Shrine, An altar of sarificial site for village tutelary spirits, Bangsatap(pagoda), 25 Bongsu(25 beacon fire stations) and 38 Yeondae(38 signaling sites), Hwanhaejangseong Fortress, Grave wall and Horse pasture walls were included in elements of history and culture to village in jeju. An altar of sarificial rite for village tutelary spirits was generally on the a hill near a village, built of Stone wall. Bangsatap(pagoda) was the kind and the size of stone to a location, that expresses the form and the scale. the form of grave wall was the oval or the rectangle, the latter was frequent. Thatched houses in jeju and facilities in a house, Stone wall, Tongsi(pigsty), Paeng namu and A heights of stone, Spring water and Water collected in a depression, Stone Weir, Horse mill and Dodaebul(Old Lighthouse) were included in elements of life and culture to village in jeju. Stone wall has the multiplicity of the size and the building method in the use, the function and the region. The form of Stone weir was the rectangular figure or the curvilinear figure, the section of that was the right triangle or the rectangular form.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.57 no.8
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• pp.125-136
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• 2007

This study is about the excavated female shroud while moving the graveyard of Nam-yang Hong clan in Yang-pyeong, Gyeonggi Province to other place. It is acquired as Yeon-An Kim clan who is a wife of one of Nam-yang Hong clan and history is estimated to 16th Century. Significance of this excavated female costumes is, 1) a Dan-ryeong, which is typical costumes during 16C. for woman is excavated. It is embroidered with peacocks shaped badge in fore and backside on a clothes, which is understood as the symbol of highest status but it is considered as much higher than actual status of her husband. from this, we can assume that burial costumes and regulation for actual clothes by the status are not exactly matched. 2) Various form of Chima and Jegori also found in the grave along with a Buddhist banner(幡) printed with Darani(多羅尼) which is unusual in Chosun dynasty, under confucian influence. 3) An embroidered design pillow was collected first time, which make us enable to understand the in-house life style of 16C.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.153-161
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• 2001

The rubber pads era tank which undergo dynamic deformations with the sufficient amplitudes and frequencies lead to a considerable internal temperature rise due to the heat generation. The heat generation which is dependent on the viscoelastic characteristics or a rubber is due to the conversion of partial mechanical energy into thermal energy identical to the area oi hysteresis loop. Heat generation without adequate heat dissipation leads to heat build-up and the excessive temperature rite exerts a bad influence upon the performance and the life of rubber products. In this paper, temperature distributions of the rubber pads of a tank track subjected to dynamic loads are obtained under the assumption of the steady state. Heat generation rates used in this finite element analysis are acquired through experiments and the computed temperature fields are displayed in isothermal contour regions.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.38
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• pp.337-358
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• 1998

Underlying principles on the origin and establishment of the concept fo Right-and-Left (R-&-L) in Korean traditional costume is studied in this paper. Among Korean traditional costumes, ordinary and funeral costumes are considered in this study. Thed concept of R-&-L expanded into different elements of daily life among Korean people is also considered as a process of conceptual development : starting from astron-omy principle, then developed to pragmatism principle, and expanded to abstraction principle. No evidence on the case where the astro-omy principle was directly applied to was found in this study. In most cases, pragmatism and abstraction principles are observed as underly-ing principles. In ordinary costumes, pragmatism principle is the fundamental base for R-&-L through right-hand-use rule. Even though abstraction prin-ciple was found in some ordinary costumes, we believe that this was generated for adding more meanings in addition to the pragmatism principle. In funeral costumes, pragmatism principle was almost totally ignored unlike in ordinary costumes because the funeral rite was performed though formality with abstract thoughts. The abstraction principle was exercised with the form of simple-discrimination rule based on the dual system along with Yin-Yang related cultural rules such as‘Yang-left-and-Yin-right’or‘father-left-and-mother-right’. However, the case where‘left-male-and-right-female’rule is applied to was not found in this study.