• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.703-713
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• 2021

The field of vascularized composite allografts (VCAs) has undergone significant advancement in recent decades, and VCAs are increasingly common and accepted in the clinical setting, bringing hope of functional recovery to patients with debilitating injuries. A major obstacle facing the widespread application of VCAs is the side effect profile associated with the current immunosuppressive regimen, which can cause a wide array of complications such as infection, malignancy, and even death. Significant concerns remain regarding whether the treatment outweighs the risk. The potential solution to this dilemma would be achieving VCA tolerance, which would allow recipients to receive allografts without significant immunosuppression and its sequelae. Promising tolerance protocols are being studied in kidney transplantation; four major trials have attempted to withdraw immunosuppressive treatment with various successes. The common theme in all four trials is the use of radiation treatment and donor cell transplantation. The knowledge gained from these trials can provide valuable insight into the development of a VCA tolerance protocol. Despite similarities, VCAs present additional barriers compared to kidney allografts regarding tolerance induction. VCA donors are likely to be deceased, which limits the time for significant pre-conditioning. VCA donors are also more likely to be human leukocyte antigen-mismatched, which means that tolerance must be induced across major immunological barriers. This review also explores adjunct therapies studied in large animal models that could be the missing element in establishing a safe and stable tolerance induction method.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.4 no.5
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• pp.11-14
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• 1981

This study intends to decide the economic sample size based on the cost of sampling Inspection for destructive testing. The marginal percent defective is used as the lot tolerance percent defective (LTPD), and the Newton's iterative method is adopted to calculate the optimum sample size(n), given by the consumer's risk($\beta$ - risk) and the acceptance number(c).

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.142-142
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• 2017

Wheat (Triticum asetivum L.) is one of the major grain crops worldwide. The reduced productivity ascribed by adverse environment is increasing the risk of food security. Wheat cultivars have been actively released by public side since 1960s in Korea. Each variety has been developed for superior regional adaptation, pest resistance and mostly high yield. Heat stress tolerance is one of the major parameters that threaten wheat production in Korea. Heat stress during grain filling period has been conceived as critical level and directly influences on wheat production. We evaluated 11 common wheat cultivars ("Baegjoong", "Dajung", "Goso", "Hanbaek", "Jokyoung", "Joeun", "Jopum", "Keumgang", "Olgeuru", "Sinmichal", "Uri") that were exposed to abnormally high temperature during the grain filling period. Each plant was grown well in a pot containing "Sunshine #4" soil in controlled phytotron facility set on $20^{\circ}C$ and 16 h photoperiod. At 9 day-after-anthesis (DAA9), plants were subjected to a gradual increase in temperature from $20^{\circ}C$ to $33^{\circ}C$ and maintained constantly at $33^{\circ}C$ for 5 days. After the treatment, plants were subjected to gradual decrease to normal temperature ($20^{\circ}C$) and continue to grow till harvest. Seeds were harvested from each tiller/plant. Total chlorophyll contents decrease level as well as grain parameters were measured to evaluate varietal tolerance to heat stress. We also divide each spike into five regions and evaluate grain characteristics among the regions in each spike. The obtained results allow us to classify cultivars for heat stress tolerance. The pedigree information showed that typical wheat lines provide either tolerance or susceptible trait to their off-springs, which enable breeders to develop heat stress tolerance wheat by appropriate parental choice.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2020.06a
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• pp.147-147
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• 2020

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.90-97
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• 2016

The objective of this study is to evaluate the operator's safety for the risk assessment method of impulsive noise division. Literature reviews on the basis of the impulsive noise study, the measuring methods and procedures, based on the results of the analysis process presents a risk assessment methods. In this study, analysis of the MIL-STD-1474D, B-duration graph for the peak noise level to cross the line from the measurement results is limited by the risk retracted. It is possible to determine whether there is quick can be determined whether the risk. Measurement positions measured by the microphone is installed on the risk of applying results are so located within the tolerance impulsive noise in the measurement position can interpret subjective safety is ensured. In addition, Proportional Dose technology was the proposed by the Patterson with the risk assessment method was applied to the indoor-impulsive noise. As results of this study, results for the same value of applying the technique of Proportional Dose technology results calculated by MIL-STD-1474D methods allows 1 count once increased in comparison to the result obtained.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.47-61
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship among financial debt burden, psychological factors and financial stress. Data was collected by surveying 450 individuals who were over twenty years old, and 384 were used for the analysis. As the result, first, number of sources of debt, use of each debt, marital status/double income, housing, debt amount and financial stress were found to be significantly different among three groups(debt free, non risky, risky). In addition, marital status/double income, gender, housing and income were found to significantly influence to the probability of being one of the three groups. Second, level of debt burden, age, employment and income were found to significantly influence to financial stress, while psychological factors such as risk tolerance and self-control were not. It might be noteworthy that people in debt were likely to have higher level of stress, while the older, employed, and having higher income were likely to have lower level of stress. This study would provide useful information in terms of debt policy to relieve the financial stress.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.147-160
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• 2023

Unlike other currencies, cryptocurrency is not a currency used for general transactions, but is currently applied to various investment assets and its scope is expanding. The purpose of this study is to the effect of personal characteristics on investment intention. As a theoretical background, it was verified by applying the Extended Technical Acceptance Model (ETAM). self-confidence propensity, bandwagon propensity, risk tolerance propensity, network externality, attitude, and Investment intention were composed of variables. The research method collected data from 871 people who had experience in cryptocurrency investment through a survey and analyzed it after excluding the data of 71 people who were judged to be inappropriate. The structural equation modeling method using AMOS was used. As a result of this paper, five hypotheses were accepted as statistically significant. This study concluded that self-confidence propensity, bandwagon propensity, risk tolerance propensity, network externality, and attitude had statistically significant effects on Investment intention. In this respect, this study will be able to provide useful information for cryptocurrency research.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.1-8
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• 2011

The overall goal of a safety based railroad system is either to eliminate hazards in designing or to minimize the possibility of it. In order to indicate system safety or low risk although it may not be possible to achieve zero risk conditions, first, it shall ensure that any disasters would occur due to system operation because the prescribed specifications are properly fulfilled and there are no failures of any kind. Second, the risk of faults or failures leading to a mishap must be eliminated or minimized by using fault-tolerance or fail-safe procedures. This paper will attempt to summarize the personal and social risk criterion at widely scattered points, presently used as a safety approach in all over EU, in order to establish the step by step procedures of the detailed standard for railway facilities. In addition, we present the new safety analysis method using the SIL-based evaluation standard and the Reachability Graph of the Petri Net.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.143-151
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was to investigate the relations and odds ratio between hs-CRP and the risk factors of metabolic syndrome according to glucose intolerance and diabetes among the residents of a rural community. Methods: The subjects include 1,968 adults aged from 40 to 70 who were divided into four groups and a diabetes group according to glucose intolerance to compare the relations and risk ratio between hs-CRP and the risk factors of metabolic syndrome. Results: The results reveal that the greater the subjects' glucose intolerance was, the higher their hs-CRP became and the more risk factors of metabolic syndrome they had. The impaired glucose tolerance group showed 1.7 times higher blood pressure than the control group. The diabetes group showed a high odds ratio with 2.3 times higher blood pressure, 2.2 times higher abdominal obesity, and 2.4 times higherW/Ht than the control group. And the odds ratio increased significantly by 1.7 times in the hs-CRP intermediate risk group and 2.5 times in the high risk group compared with the control group. Conclusion: Considering the study results, it is very important to monitor abdominal obesity, blood pressure and the intermediate and high risk group of hs-CRP in order to reduce the contraction of cardiovascular diseases.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.677-682
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• 2013

Impaired glucose tolerance(IGT) & Impaired fasting glucose(IFG) were standardized in 1979 by the National Diabetes Data Group and the World Health Organization as a risk factor for type 2 diabetes. The main clinical significance of IGT & IFG shows some risk factors on type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and component of the metabolic syndrome. In 1997, the American Diabetes Association(ADA) proposed the new classification and diagnostic criteria for diabetes, which wss striction on the diagnostic baseline of Diabetes from 140 mg/dl to 126 mg/dl. This is because that the early diagnosis and treatments can prevent chronic complications. In the oriental medicine, Gamiyookmigihwang-tang has been using for the treatments of Diabetes including IGT & IFG; however, there have not been enough studies about the effect of the glycemic control objectively. So clinical studies have been performed on a mild DM(Diabetes Mellitus) patient with IGT and IFG in order to investigate whether there is hypoglycemic effect of Gamiyookmigihwang-tang. Prior to the study, for two weeks fasting blood sugar(FBS) and postprandial 2hrs(PP2hrs) glucose were checked. in addition ECG, T-cholesterol, TG, HbA1c levels were measured; then, Gamiyookmigihwang-tang has administrated for 4 weeks. and FBS, PP2hrs, T-cholesterol, TG, HbA1c were measured again after the herb medicine treatment. FBS, PP2hrs glucose levels and other measuring levels (T-cholesterol, TG, HbA1c) were decreased by the administration of Gamiyookmigihwang-tang. Gamiyookmigihwang-tang has hypoglycemic effects on a mild DM patient with IGT and IFG.