• Korean Security Journal
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• no.45
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• pp.221-242
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• 2015

Verification for the causality of factors affecting fear of criminal victim which has a bad influence on the senior's quality of life and directions to prevent the crimes against the elderly have been suggested. This study proves the applicability for fear of crime to old people especially based on risk interpretation model consisting of perceived risk of crime, behavioral response and fear of crime. Analysis results are as follows. First, disorder factors as social characteristics showed statistically significant influences on perceived risk of crime, behavioral response and fear of crime. Second, direct experienced crime victimization only affected perceived risk of crime while indirect experienced crime victimization had an effect on perceived risk of crime and fear of crime as well. Third, perceived risk of crime influenced fear of crime. Fourth, perceived risk of crime was concerned with fear of crime. Fifth, behavioral response was affiliated with fear of crime. These results reveal that risk interpretation model can be applied to senior's fear of crime. Moreover, disorder factor as social characteristic and experienced crime victimization as individual characteristic help the elderly perceive the risk of crime, bring behavioral response. Consequently, they play a role of factors affecting fear of crime. It is emphasized that support policy is required for the elderly who had experienced crime and stabilization of community environment if necessary to improve the quality of life.

• Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.108-111
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• 1999

Correlation between the tumorigenic dose (TD) and the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) was examined to search for the most relevant TD values related to the MTD. Using benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P) 2-yr bioassay data, correlation coefficients between values of $TD_{1-}$50/ and the MTD were estimated from linearized or non-linearlized dose-response curves. The highest correlation coefficients (0.9966-1.0000) were obtained from T $D_{1-}$10/ in linearized dose-response curves while the highest (0.9966-1.0000) were estimated from $TD _{5-}$10/ in non-linearized dose-response eurves. These data suggest that TDs-lo were more closely related to the MTD than the ,$TD_{5-}$10/ in B(a)P 2-yr bioassay and that in lieu of the $TD_{50}$ they could be efficiently applicable to risk assessment and management.ent.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.67-78
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• 2015

The purpose of the establishment of corporation's Business Continuity Plan(BCP) is to maintain corporations' own business and establish the response plan in order to resume operation in a short time period when crisis situations occur due to natural disaster and human error. This study has presented all types of procedures and criteria which are needed to establish the airport crisis response system in order to maintain the business continuity by utilizing BCP technique. Basically the risk response procedures must be established in the process of (1) preparation stage, (2) plan development stage, (3) documentation stage, (4) test & maintenance stage. The guideline has been suggested that each stage must be carried out in the sequence of Policy & Planning Responsibility, Business Impact Analysis, Recovery Strategy & Plans, Emergency Plan & SOP, Training Awareness and Maintenance & Review

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.205-211
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• 2024

The increasing number of botnet attacks incorporating new evasion techniques making it infeasible to completely secure complex computer network system. The botnet infections are likely to be happen, the timely detection and response to these infections helps to stop attackers before any damage is done. The current practice in traditional IP networks require manual intervention to response to any detected malicious infection. This manual response process is more probable to delay and increase the risk of damage. To automate this manual process, this paper proposes to automatically select relevant countermeasures for detected botnet infection. The propose approach uses the concept of flow trace to detect botnet behavior patterns from current and historical network activity. The approach uses the multiclass machine learning based approach to detect and classify the botnet activity into IRC, HTTP, and P2P botnet. This classification helps to calculate the risk score of the detected botnet infection. The relevant countermeasures selected from available pool based on risk score of detected infection.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.39-46
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• 2009

The selection of an evaluation response spectrum can have a significant effect on the seismic fragility evaluation of a structure. A method for modifying the seismic fragility parameters that are calculated based on the design spectrum is described in this study. The modification factor is used to modify the original fragility parameters. The HCLPF (High Confidence of Low Probability of Failure) acceleration levels of the electric system using previous design spectrum and uniform hazard spectrum (UHS) were compared. Finally, seismic risk analyses were performed according to a uniform hazard spectrum. From the results, it was concluded that based on the design spectrum, seismic risk for the electric system might be underestimated.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.705-714
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• 2019

Seismic assessment of underground structures is one of the challenging problems in engineering design. This is because there are usually many sources of uncertainties in rocks and probable earthquake characteristics. Therefore, for decreasing of the uncertainties, seismic response of underground structures should be evaluated by sufficient number of earthquake records which is scarcely possible in common seismic assessment of underground structures. In the present study, a practical risk-based approach was performed for seismic risk assessment of an unsupported tunnel. For this purpose, Incremental Dynamic Analysis (IDA) was used to evaluate the seismic response of a tunnel in south-west railway of Iran and different analyses were conducted using 15 real records of earthquakes which were chosen from the PEER ground motion database. All of the selected records were scaled to different intensity levels (PGA=0.1-1.7 g) and applied to the numerical models. Based on the numerical modeling results, seismic fragility curves of the tunnel under study were derived from the IDA curves. In the next, seismic risk curve of the tunnel were determined by convolving the hazard and fragility curves. On the basis of the tunnel fragility curves, an earthquake with PGA equal to 0.35 g may lead to severe damage or collapse of the tunnel with only 3% probability and the probability of moderate damage to the tunnel is 12%.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.155-165
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• 2021

Objectives: Acute exposure to high concentrations of chemicals can occur when a chemical accident takes place. As such exposure can cause ongoing environmental pollution, such as in the soil and groundwater, there is a need for a tool that can assess health effects in the long term. The purpose of this study was assessing the health risks of residents living near a chemical accident site due to long-term exposure while considering the temporal concentration changes of the toxic chemicals leaked during the accident until their extinction in the environment using a multimedia environmental dynamics model. Methods: A health risk assessment was conducted on three cases of formaldehyde chemical accidents. In this study, health risk assessment was performed using a multimedia environmental dynamics model that considers the behavior of the atmosphere, soil, and water. In addition, the extinction period of formaldehyde in the environment was regarded as extinction in the environment when the concentration in the air and soil fell below the background concentration prior to the accident. The subjects of health risk assessment were classified into four groups according to age: 0-9 years old, 10-18 years old, 19-64 years old, and over 65 years old. Carcinogenic risk assessment by respiratory exposure and non-carcinogenic risk assessment by soil intake were conducted as well. Results: In the assessment of carcinogenic risk due to respiratory exposure, the excess carcinogenic risk did not exceed 1.0×10-6 in all three chemical accidents, so there was no health effect due to the formaldehyde chemical accident. As a result of the evaluation of non-carcinogenic risk due to soil intake, none of the three chemical accidents had a risk index of 1, so there was no health effect. For all three chemical accidents, the excess cancer risk and hazard index were the highest in the age group 0-9. Next, 10-18 years old, 65 years old or older, and 19-64 years old showed the highest risk. Conclusion: This study considers environmental changes after a chemical accident occurs and until the substance disappears from the environment. It also conducts a health risk assessment by reflecting the characteristics of the long-term persistence and concentration change over time. It is thought that it is of significance as a health risk assessment study reflecting the exposure characteristics of the accident substance for an actual chemical accident.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.292-309
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• 1987

A large dry PWR containment response analysis for postulated severe accidents was performed as part of the Zion Risk Rebaselining study for input to the U.S. NRC's "Reactor Risk Reference Document," NUREG-1150. The Methodologies used in the present work were developed as part of the Severe Accident Risk Reduction Program (SARRP) at Sandia National Laboratory specifically for the Surry Plant, but they were extrapolated to Zion. Major steps of the quantification of risk from a nuclear power plant are first outlined. Then, the methodologies of containment response analysis for severe accidents used for Zion are described in detail: major features of the containment event tree (CET) analysis codes and CET quantification procedures are summarized. In addition, plant specific features important to containment response analysis are presented along with the containment loading and performance issues included in the present uncertainty analysis. Finally, a brief summary of the results of deterministic and statistical containment event tree analysis is presented to provide a perspective on the large dry PWR containment response for postulated severe accidents.accidents.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.2753-2758
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• 2013

Various studies examining the relationship between Ezrin overexpression and response to chemotherapy and clinical outcome in patients with osteosarcoma have yielded inconclusive results. We accordingly conducted a meta-analysis of 7 studies (n = 318 patients) that evaluated the correlation between Ezrin and histologic response to chemotherapy and clinical prognosis (death). Data were synthesized in receiver operating characteristic curves and with fixed-effects and random-effects likelihood ratios and risk ratios. Quantitative synthesis showed that Ezrin is not a prognostic factor for the response to chemotherapy. The positive likelihood ratio was 0.538 (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.296- 0.979; random-effects calculation), and the negative likelihood ratio was 2.151 (95% CI, 0.905- 5.114; random-effects calculations). There was some between-study heterogeneity, but no study showed strong discriminating ability. Conversely, Ezrin positive status tended to be associated with a lower 2-year survival (risk ratio, 2.45; 95% CI, 1.26-4.76; random-effects calculation) with some between-study heterogeneity that disappeared when only studies that employed immunohistochemistry were considered (risk ratio, 2.97; 95% CI, 2.01- 4.40; fixed-effects calculation). To conclude, Ezrin is not associated with the histologic response to chemotherapy in patients with osteosarcoma, whereas Ezrin positivity was associated with a lower 2-year survival rate regarding risk of death at 2 years. Expression change of Ezrin is an independent prognostic factor in patients with osteosarcoma.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.1815-1829
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• 2014

Recently frequent collapse of old fill dams has taken place, which increases social awareness in the safety of the infrastructure. Fill dams in Korea has been incautiously regarded as safe once the fill dam is considered to have a full capacity to retain a conservative design flood determined by government authorities. However, developed foreign countries has been managing their fill dams by introducing systematic risk assessment techniques over a long period of time. In this study, the system response probabilities of the deteriorated old fill dams in Korea were systematically evaluated and analyzed by using the internal erosion toolbox based on the event tree analysis technique. The probability of the existence of flaw and the magnitude of the hydraulic gradient through a potential crack can significantly influence the geotechnical system response probability. The results of this study show that the probability of the existence of flaw and the magnitude of the hydraulic gradient through a potential crack can significantly influence the geotechnical system response probability and the risk of the deteriorated fill dam can be quantitatively assessed.