• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2015.05a
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• pp.236-236
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• 2015

Flood is one of the major natural disasters affecting millions of people. Thailand also, frequently faces with this type of disaster. Especially, 2011 mega flood in Central Thailand, inundated highway severely attributed to the failure of national economic and risk to life. Lesson learned from such an extreme event caused flood monitoring and warning becomes one of the sound mitigations. The highway flood hazard mapping accomplished in this research is one of the strategies. This is due to highway flood is the potential risk to life and limb, and potential damage to property. Monitoring and warning therefore help reducing live and property losses. In this study, degree of highway flood hazard was assessed by weighting factors for each cause of the highway flood using Multi Criteria Analysis (MCA) based Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). These weighting factors are the essential information to classify the degree of highway flood hazard to enable pinpoint on flood monitoring and flood warning in hazard areas. The highway flood causes were then investigated. It was found that three major factors influence to the highway flood are namely the highway characteristics, the hydrological characteristics and the land topography characteristics. The weight of importance for each cause of the highway flood in the whole country was assessed by weighting 3 major factors influence to the highway flood. According to the result of MCA analysis, the highway, the hydrological and the land topography characteristics were respectively weighted as 35, 35 and 30 percent influence to the cause of highway flood. These weighting factors were further utilized to classify the degree of highway flood hazard. The Weight Linear Combination (WLC) method was used to compute the total score of all highways according to each factor. This score was later used to categorize highway flood as high, moderate and low degree of hazard levels. Highway flood hazard map accomplished in this research study is applicable to serve as the handy tool for highway flood warning. However, to complete the whole warning process, flood water level monitoring system for example the camera gauge should be installed in the hazard highway. This is expected to serve as a simple flood monitor as part of the warning system during such extreme or critical event.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.26 no.1D
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• pp.169-175
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• 2006

Recently, slope failures are disastrous when they occur in mountainous area adjoining highways. The accidents associated with slope failures have increased due to rapid urbanization of mountainous area. Therefore, the inspection of slope is conducted to maintain road safety as well as road function. In this study, we apply to the remedy which is comparing existent description to advanced technology using GIS. We utilize a Terrestrial LiDAR, one of the advanced method, to generate precise and complete road slope model from expert point of view. In result, we extract hazardous slope information from external measurements referring to the evaluation criteria of external slope stability. We suggest not only the database but also the method of road risk evaluation based on internet GIS.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.5-12
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• 2019

On November 15, 2017, a unpredictable liquefaction damage was occurred at the $M_L=5.4$ Pohang earthquake and after, many researches have been conducted in Korea. In Korea, where there were no cases of earthquake damage, it has been extremely neglectable in preparing earthquake risk maps and building earthquake systems that corresponded to prevention and preparation. Since it is almost impossible to observe signs and symptoms of drought, floods, and typhoons in advance, it is very effective to predict the impacts and magnitudes of seismic events. In this study, 14,040 borehole data were collected in the metropolitan area and liquefaction evaluation was performed using the amplification factor. Based on this data, liquefaction hazard maps were prepared for ground accelerations of 0.06 g, 0.14 g, 0.22 g, and 0.30 g, including 200years return period to 4,800years return period. Also, the correlation analysis between the earthquake acceleration and LPI was carried out to draw a real-time predictable liquefaction hazard map. As a result, 707 correlation equations in every cells in GIS map were proposed. Finally, the simulation for liquefaction risk mapping against artificial earthquake was performed in the metropolitan area using the proposed correlation equations.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• v.1
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• pp.297-300
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• 2006

The knowledge of fuel load and composition is important for planning and managing the fire hazard and risk. However, fuel mapping is extremely difficult because fuel properties vary at spatial scales, change depending on the seasonal situations and are affected by the surrounding environment. Remote sensing has potential of reduction the uncertainty in mapping fuels and offers the best approach for improving our abilities. This paper compared the results of object-oriented classification to a pixel-based classification for fuel type map derived from Hyperion hyperspectral data that could be enable to provide this information and allow a differentiation of material due to their typical spectra. Our methodological approach for fuel type map is characterized by the result of the spectral mixture analysis (SMA) that can used to model the spectral variability in multi- or hyperspectral images and to relate the results to the physical abundance of surface constitutes represented by the spectral endmembers. Object-oriented approach was based on segment based endmember selection, while pixel-based method used standard SMA. To validate and compare, we used true-color high resolution orthoimagery

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.1065-1094
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• 2014

Civil engineers always face the challenge of uncertainty in planning, building, and maintaining infrastructure. These works rely heavily on a variety of surveying and monitoring techniques. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are an effective approach to obtain information from an additional view, and potentially bring significant benefits to civil engineering. This paper gives an overview of the state of UAV developments and their possible applications in civil engineering. The paper begins with an introduction to UAV hardware, software, and control methodologies. It also reviews the latest developments in technologies related to UAVs, such as control theories, navigation methods, and image processing. Finally, the paper concludes with a summary of the potential applications of UAV to seismic risk assessment, transportation, disaster response, construction management, surveying and mapping, and flood monitoring and assessment.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.145-151
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• 1999

Apolipoprotein B-100 (apo B-100) is an important component in plasma low density lipoproteins (LDL). It function as the ligand for the LDL receptor in peripheral cells. The LDLs are removed from the circulation by both high-affinity receptor-mediated and receptor-independant pathways. LDLs are heterogeneous in their lipid content, size and density and certain LDL subspecies increase risk of atherosclerosis due to differences in the conformation of apo B in the particle. In the present study , surface and core peptide fraction of Apo B-100 have been characterized by comparing peptide-mapping and fluorescence spectroscopy. Surface fragments of apo B-100 were generated by digestion of LDL with either trypsin , pronase, or pancreatin elastase. Surface fractions were fractionated on a Sephadex G-50 column. The remaining core fragments were delipidated and redigested with the above enzymes, and the resulting core peptides were compared with surface peptides. Results from peptide-mapping by HPLC showed pronase-digestion was more extensive than trypsin -digestion to remove surface peptide fraction from LDL. Fluorescence spectra showed that core fractions contained higher amount of tryptophan than surface fractions, and it indicated that core fraction wa smore hydrophobic than surface fractions. A comparison of the behavior of the core and surface provided informations about the regions of apo B-100 involved in LDL metabolism and also about the structural features concerning the formation of atherosclerosis.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.99-110
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• 2022

In decommissioning a nuclear power plant, numerous concrete structures need to be demolished and decontaminated. Although concrete decontamination technologies have been developed globally, concrete cutting remains problematic due to the secondary waste production and dispersion risk from concrete scabbling. To minimize workers' radiation exposure and secondary waste in dismantling and decontaminating concrete structures, the following conceptual designs were developed. A micro-blast type scabbling technology using explosive materials and a multi-dimensional contamination measurement and artificial intelligence (AI) mapping technology capable of identifying the contamination status of concrete surfaces. Trials revealed that this technology has several merits, including nuclide identification of more than 5 nuclides, radioactivity measurement capability of 0.1-10⁷ Bq·g^-1, 1.5 kg robot weight for easy handling, 10 cm robot self-running capability, 100% detonator performance, decontamination factor (DF) of 100 and 8,000 cm²·hr^-1 decontamination speed, better than that of TWI (7,500 cm²·hr^-1). Hence, the micro-blast type scabbling technology is a suitable method for concrete decontamination. As the Korean explosives industry is well developed and robot and mapping systems are supported by government research and development, this scabbling technology can efficiently aid the Korean decommissioning industry.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.367-380
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• 2016

This study reviewed and compared methods for mapping aggregated low birth weight (LBW) and geographic variations in LBW in South Korea. Based on this review, we produced LBW maps in South Korea. Standardized mortality/morbidity ratios (SMRs) and crude mortality rates have been widely used for many years in epidemiological research. However, SMR-based maps are likely to be affected by sample size of unit area. Therefore, this study adopted a model-based approach using Bayesian estimates to reduce noisy variability in the SMR. By using a Bayesian model, we can calculate a statistically reliable RR values. We used the full Bayes estimator, as well as empirical Bayes estimators. As a result, variations in the two Bayes models were similar. The SMR-based statistics had the largest variation. The result maps can be used to identify regions with a high risk of LBW in South Korea.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.179-193
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• 2019

Landslides are one of the most damaging geological hazards worldwide, threating both humans and property. Hence, there have been many efforts to prevent landslides and mitigate the damage that they cause. Among such efforts, there have been many studies on mapping landslide susceptibility. Geographic information system (GIS)-based techniques have been developed and applied widely, and are now the main tools used to map landslide susceptibility. We reviewed the status of landslide susceptibility mapping using GIS by number of papers, year, study area, number of landslides, cause, and models applied, based on 776 articles over the last 20 years (1999-2018). The number of studies published annually increased rapidly over time. The total study area spanned 65 countries, and 47.7% of study areas were in China, India, South Korea, and Iran, where more than 500 landslides, 27.3% of all landslides, have occurred. Slope (97.6% of total articles) and geology (82.7% of total articles) were most often implicated as causes, and logistic regression (26.9% of total articles) and frequency ratio (24.7% of total article) models were the most widely used models. We analyzed trends in the causes of and models used to simulate landslides. The main causes were similar each year, but machine learning models have increased in popularity over time. In the future, more study areas should be investigated to improve the generalizability and accuracy of the results. Furthermore, more causes, especially those related to topography and soil, should be considered and more machine learning models should be applied. Finally, landslide hazard and risk maps should be studied in addition to landslide susceptibility maps.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.52-61
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• 2004

Korea Water Resources Corporation carried out LiDAR survey to construct detailed terrain data for flood mapping and it is expected that much money is required in flood mapping of all over the country. Therefore, it is desirable to use NGIS digital map to construct preliminary modelling data for selection of flood mapping area. And the analysis of DEM error with respect to scale of digital map is necessary for the sake of applying digital map as the input data of flood mapping. We compared DEM from digital map with DEM from LiDAR survey. Especially we analyzed DEM error characteristics that is occurred with respect to the interpolation method that is used to construct DEM from TIN of digital map. As a result of analysis, digital map(1:1,000) showed smaller error than digital map(1:5,000) and DEM applying linear interpolation showed smaller error than DEM applying quintic interpolation. Especially, variation of DEM error by cell resolution was evaluated as very slight because urban district was composed of gentle slope.