• 경영과정보연구
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.207-223
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 국내 금융회사중 내부모형을 승인받아 사용하고 있는 국내 은행의 실제 위험유형별 자료를 이용하여 시장위험과 신용위험간 관계를 고려한 통합위험을 측정하였으며, 이를 통하여 위험유형간 분산효과가 존재하는지 검증해 보았다. 검증방법은 법규상 규제자본과 내부모형을 통해 산출되는 시장위험과 신용위험의 단순 합산 및 위험액 자체에 직접 임의의 상관관계를 고려하는 단순통합모형을 이용하여 비교 검증하였다. 실증분석 결과, 다음과 같은 사실들을 확인할 수 있었는데, 먼저 내부모형은 시장위험에서는 평균적으로 규제자본에 비해 40.4%, 신용위험은 45.4%의 분산효과를 보였으며, 통계적으로도 유의한 차이를 보였다. 이는 내부모형의 경우 하위 위험요인간 분산효과로 인하여 규제자본에 비해 필요자본이 작아진 다는 것을 의미한다. 다음으로 실무에서 이용하는 위험액 자체에 임의의 상관관계를 적용하여 산출한 단순 통합위험을 경제적 자본의 대용치인 내부모형의 단순합산과 비교해 본 결과 분산효과는 크지 않았으며, 통계적으로도 유의하지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 이는 은행의 시장위험이 신용위험에 비해 규모면에서 과소하여 분산효과가 크게 나타나지 않는 것으로 설명할 수 있다.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권9호
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• pp.11-18
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• 2020

This paper analyzes factors affecting enterprise's financial risk listed on the Vietnam stock market. The panel data of research sample includes 524 non-financial listed enterprises on the Vietnam stock market for a period of eleven years, from 2009 to 2019. The Generalized Least Square (GLS) is employed to address econometric issues and to improve the accuracy of the regression coefficients. In this research, financial risk is measured by the Alexander Bathory model. Debt structure, Solvency, Profitability, Operational ability, Capital structure are independent variables in the study. Firm Size, firm age, growth rate are control variables. The model results show that in order to prevent and limit financial risk for enterprises listed on the Vietnam Stock Market, attention should be paid to variables reflecting Liability structure ratio, Quick Ratio, Return on Assets, Total asset turnover, Accounts receivable turnover, Net assets ratio and Fixed assets ratio. The empirical results show that there are differences in the impact of these factors on the financial risk in state-owned enterprises and non-state enterprises listed on the Vietnam stock market. The findings of this article are useful for business administrators, helping business managers make the right financial decisions to improve the efficiency of financial risk management in enterprises.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.107-114
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• 2002

최근 들어 국내 대형건설회사들을 중심으로 위험관리체계에 대한 관심이 급증하고 있으며, 각 회사들은 위험관리체계를 건설공사에 적용하기 위하여 많은 노력을 기울이고 있다. 그러나 기존의 외국 공공기관에서 적용되었던 위험관리 방법론들은 위험관리 프로세스가 일회성으로 완료되고, 프로젝트 관리자의 개인적 판단에 크게 의존하는 측면이 강하여, 이를 국내 건설공사에 적용할 경우 많은 문제점이 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 본 연구의 목적은 건설환경에 더욱 적합하고, 실용적인 위험관리 방법론으로 잔여위험을 고려한 위험대응 프로세스 모델을 제안하는 것이다. 이러한 프로세스는 특정 위험요인에 대한 위험대응 전략 수립시 전략의 효율성을 감안하여 잔여위험도를 계산한 다음 잔여위험도가 위험허용도 이하가 될 때까지 반복적으로 위험대응 전략을 수립하는 프로세스이다.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권7호
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• pp.59-72
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• 2020

This paper examines whether lending structure can lower credit risk by employing econometric techniques of panel data for the Vietnamese banking system at the bank level used by economic sectors from 2011 to 2016. New light is being shed on assessing the impact of each industry's debt outstanding on credit risk. Adopting findings from previous studies, we assess credit risk from two different sources, including loan loss provision and non-performing loan. Moreover, we also focus on observing lending structure in many different aspects, from concentrative levels to the short-term and long-term stability levels of lending structure. The Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) estimator was applied to analyze the relationship between concentration and banking risks. In general, the results show that lending concentration may decrease credit risk. It is interesting to observe that the Vietnamese commercial bank lending portfolios have, on average, higher levels of diversity across different sectors. In particular, the increase in hotel and restaurant lending contributes to decrease credit risk while the lending portfolios of banks in agriculture, electricity, gas and water increase credit risk. This study suggests the need for further analysis and research about portfolio risks in lending activities for maintaining efficiency and stability in the commercial banking system.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.22-32
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• 2022

The domestic smart factory is being built and spread rapidly, mainly by mid-sized companies and large enterprises according to the government's active introduction and support policy. But these factories only promote production system and efficiency, so harmfulness and risk factors are not considered. Therefore, to derive harmful risk factors in terms of industrial safety for 12,983 government-supported smart factory workplaces from 2014 to 2019, industrial accident status analysis compared workplaces with automation facilities and government-supported workplaces with automation facilities. Also, to reduce risks associated with domestic smart factory processes, twenty government-supported workplaces with automation facilities underwent analysis, evaluating risks through a status survey using the process evaluation table. In addition, the status survey considered region, size, industry, construction level, and accident rate; the difference in risk according to the structure of the process was confirmed. Based on the smart factory process evaluation results, statistical analysis confirmed that serial, parallel, and hybrid structures pose different risk levels and that the risks of mixed structures are greater. Finally, safety control system application was presented for risk assessment and reduction in the smart factory process, reflecting the results of disaster analysis and actual condition investigation.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.183-193
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• 2015

Several transgenic marine medaka Oryzias dancena strains harboring a green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter construct regulated by an endogenous ${\beta}$-actin promoter were established and their expression characteristics in relation to transgene copy numbers were examined in 21 transgene genotypes. Most of the transgenic strains displayed transgene insertion patterns typical of microinjection-mediated introduction of foreign DNA into fish embryos, characterized by the random integration of multiple transgene copies (ranging from 1 - 282 copies per cell), often accompanied by the formation of concatemer(s), as assessed by genomic Southern blot hybridization analysis and qPCR. Transgenic strains showed ubiquitous and continued temporal and spatial expression patterns of the transgenic GFP during most of their life cycle, from the embryonic stage to adulthood, enabling assessment of the expression pattern of the endogenous ${\beta}$-actin gene. However, a comparative evaluation of transgene copy numbers and expression levels showed that copy number-dependent expression, the stability of the ubiquitous distribution and expression efficiency per transgene copy varied among the transgenic strains. Fluorescence expression levels were positively correlated with absolute transgene copy numbers, whereas the expression efficiency per transgene copy was inversely related to the number of transgene integrant copies. Data from this study will guide the selection of potentially desirable transgenic strains with ubiquitous expression of a fluorescent transgene, not only in this marine medaka species but also in other related model fish species.

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.372-378
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• 2015

In labor-intensive enterprise, such as garment factory, assembly line is widely used as a manufacturing process for reducing costs and production time. However, for the sake of the various working capacity of worker, idle or delay may happen and influence the rear processes. If these unforeseeable delay happened continuously, it may influence the whole manufacturing process and a model, which is called limited-cycle model with multiple periods (LCMwMP), is assumed to evaluate the influence risk. In order to minimize the risk, the assignment of the workers is focused on. In this paper, we deal with an assembly line as LCMwMP model when two kinds of workers exist, whose efficiency is assumed to two different groups. We consider an optimization problem for finding an assignment of workers to the line that minimizes total expected risk, which is exchanged to expected cost by reset model of LCMwMP. First, reset model as a simple model of LCMwMP is introduced. Then, some hypotheses of the rules of the optimal worker assignment are proposed and some numerical experiments are researched assuming the processing time as Erlang distribution. Finally, the other rules on other certain conditions are discussed.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.40-51
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• 2016

The aim of this study is to quantitatively deduce the circulation efficiency and space arrangements of the outpatient department in geriatric hospitals in terms of spatial structure and to find a methodology that could promote the improvement of accessibility and spatial cognition while using the facilities. All space units of the selected twelve geriatric hospitals were located on the first floor. The study adopted the psychological distance concept of space syntax to the unitized spaces, and presented a set of indices, such as TD, PN, RF, PNT and TRF. These indices were calculated according to the standard clinical use procedures. The study evaluated the effectiveness of circulation. The analysis of circulation was based on the four major geriatric illnesses that were selected in this study. The study established the standard clinical use procedure with consideration of the medical treatment, examinations and space units of outpatient departments. The results are as follows: 1) Based on the statistical data, four major geriatric illnesses are examined, and space requirement and standard procedures are established. Development indicators are applied in order to quantitatively deduce the efficiency of spatial cognition. 2) The percentage of the risk of cognitive decline(TRF) has an inversely proportional correlation to the circulation efficiency(PNT) at a certain point. TRF is more influenced by the clinical use procedure than the scale. 3) The arrangement of the waiting space and types of corridor greatly affect the percentage of the risk of cognitive decline. 4) Vulnerable facilities are selected on the basis of the evaluation, and two alternatives that could promote the circulation efficiency are presented. The result of the reanalysis showed that cognitive efficiency had much improved compared to the existing facilities.

• 국제지역연구
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.205-219
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• 2010

지속가능성 (Sustainability) 또는 지속가능발전 (Sustainable development)에 대한 연구는 최근 G-20정상회의를 통하여 세계적인 중요의제로 부상하고 있다. 특히 중국 및 신흥국들의 급속한 경제발전과 이에 따른 원자재 부족 및 환경악화로 인한 문제가 단순한 협의안건에서 벗어나 실질적인 생존의 조건으로 부상하고 있다. 이와 같은 시각에서 특히 강조되는 것은 환경관련의제들이 외부비경제효과를 동반하는 속성상 특정국가나 기업만의 문제가 아닌 인류 사회 전체의 문제이며 이를 위해서는 지속가능성에 대한 엄정한 타당성이 검증되어야 한다는 점이다. 본 연구는 이와 같은 시각에서 경제발전과 환경보호라는 외견상 상호 갈등의 소지가 충분한 정책목표상의 균형과 조화를 위한 타당성을 모색하고 이에 대한 시사점을 도출하기 위한 목적으로 한국과 중국의 지속가능 발전모형을 유도하고 이를 실증분석하고자 한다. 본 실증분석 결과에서 나타난 점은 무엇보다 기존의 상식적인 선행연구와는 다르게 경제성장이 환경보호에도 긍정적으로 작용한다는 사실이며, 이를 통해 환경의 외부비경제적 특성에 대한 적절한 보상체계와 정부의 정책적 공조체계가 무엇보다 절실함을 지적하고 있다.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.327-331
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• 2002

Tea is a pleasant, popular and safe beverage in the world. During the past decade, epidemiological studies have shown that tea catechins intake is associated with lower risk of cardiovascular disease. Tea provides a dietary source of health-promoting components to help humans reduce a wide variety of cancer risks and chronic diseases. The antioxidative activity of tea-derived catchins has been extensively studied. The antioxidant effect is a synergistic action between catechins e.g. EGCG, EGC, ECG, EC, pheophytins a and b, and other components in tea leaves, which aye more bioavailable for human body. Green tea has a Higher content of catechins than other kinds of tea. Green tea extract with hot water has high potential and more efficiency to reduce cancer risk than any other tea products or pure EGCG. Protein, iyon, and other food components may interfere with the bioavailability of ten catechins. Interaction of catechins with drug affects the cancer-preventive activity of some cancer-fighting medication. Further studies are required to determine the bioavailability of tea catechins and cancer-preventive functionality.