• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 1970

A pot experiment of paddy rice was carried out primarily to find out the effect of potash in relation to the application of wollastonite on paddy rice. The result which showed increased paddy rice yield has been evaluated from the factors of yield, yield components, soil and plant analysis data at different stages of plant growth and the summary of review is described as follows : 1. Effect of potash is likely to be greater in the presence of wollastonite and a larger quantity of wollastonite application would require correspondingly larger quantities of potash. 2. Application of potash and wollastonite resulted increased paddy rice yield may be largely due to increased contents of potassium, calcium and silica in the soil and increased concentration of $K_2O$, CaO and $SiO_2$, $SiO_2/N$ ratio and $K_2O/N$ ratio in rice straw. 3. The maximum paddy rice yield, at less than 300kg/10a application of wollastonite was obtained by applying 8kg of $K_2O$ per 10 are while 600kg/10a application of wollastonite gave the maximum yield by applying 16kg of $K_2O$ application per 10 are. 4. Application of wollastonite decreased the number of ears per hill and number of grains per ear. While ripening percentage and 1,000 grain weight tended to increase with wollastonite. The increased contents of CaO and $SiO_2$ in straw due to wollastonite application showed a negative correlation with the number of ears per hill and the number of grains per ear but a positive correlation was shown with ripening percentage and 1,000 grains weight. 5. Potash application appeared to be increasing the number of ears per hill and the number of grains per ear. There was a positive correlation exist between the higher content of $K_2O$ in rice straw and the number of grains per ear 6. Amount of nitrogen absorbed tended to decrease with increase in quantities of potash and wollastonite but the ratio of $SiO_2/N$ was increased by further application of potash and wollastonite. 7. $K_2O/N$ ratio was increased with incrementing in quantities of potash application but in the absence of potash, $K_2O/N$ ratio was decreased as to increasing wollastonite application.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.274-284
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• 2014

Crops and varieties are mostly affected by temperature, the amount of precipitation, and duration of sunshine. This study aims to identify the weather factors that directly influence to apple yield among the series of daily measured weather variables during growing seasons. In order to identify them, 1) a priori natural scientific knowledge with respect to the growth stage of apples and 2) pure statistical approaches to minimize bias due to the subject selection of variables are considered. Each result estimated by the Panel regression using fixed/random effect models is evaluated through suitability (i.e., Akaike information criterion and Bayesian information criterion) and predictability (i.e., mean absolute error, root mean square error, mean absolute percentage). The Panel data of apple yield and weather factors are collected from fifteen major producing areas of apples from 2006 to 2013 in Korea for the case study. The result shows that variable selection using factor analysis, which is one of the statistical approaches applied in the analysis, increases predictability and suitability most. It may imply that all the weather factors are important to predict apple yield if statistical problems, such as multicollinearity and lower degree of freedom due to too many explanatory variables used in the regression, can be controlled effectively. This may be because whole growth stages, such as germination, florescence, fruit setting, fatting, ripening, coloring, and harvesting, are affected by weather.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.235-243
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• 1978

A field experiment was conducted to confirm the effect of phosphorus, calcium silicate and different kinds of organic matter to a red-yellow heavy clay textured paddy soil, developed on alluvial terrace. 1. The yield response of phosphorus was very high in both Tongil (Indica x lap.) and Jinheung (Japonica type) varieties. Twenty percent of yield increase with 56kg $P_2O_5$ per 10a. 2. Yield increase by application of phosphorus was closely resulted from increase of tillers per plant. The increases of tillers per plant as observed at harvesting stage by phosphorus fertilization were 3.6 tillers in Tongil, 1.9 in Jinheung, while ripening ratio adversely was decreased 4% in Tongil and increased 3% in Jinheung. 3. High correlation between P content and yield was found at earformation and heading stages. The content of P in rice plant necessary to produce maximum yield in this soil was 0.8 percent at earformation stage. 4. The effect of silicate was not significant for Tongil but was obvious for Jinheung, and the effect of compost and rice husk was also significant for Jinheung. 5. Addition of silicate and lime to phoshorus treatment decreased the nitrogen content of rice plant, especially in Tongil. Accordingly, significant responses of silcate and lime seems be appeared by increasing the rate of nitrogen application.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2004

This study was carried out to identify the effects of seaweed extracts(GA14) on growth of two rice cultivars, Junambyo and Donganbyo. Seedling qualities of two cultivars were better in all items including heading dates at early stage treated at seedling plus 2-3 leaf stages than at single treatment of seedling. Ripening ratio of Junambyo in paddy field was increased 0.3% by seaweed extracts(GA14) treatment, but that of Donganbyo decreased 0.5%. 1,000 grain weight of Junambyo and Donanbyo by seaweed extracts(GA14) treatment was two to four grams higher and the yield of two cultivars was also higher by three to four percent. Appearance characters of two rice cultivars was high in head, while damaged, chalky and crack rate were low at seaweed extracts(GA14) treatment. Protein, moisture and amylose characteristics related to table quality of Junambyo were not different by seaweed extracts treatment, but table values was high in only treatment. Donganbyo was also similar to Junambyo, but table quality was slightly high at non-treatment.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.203-210
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• 2013

This study was conducted to investigate the optimum storage temperature and the effect of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) on the postharvest physiology and quality of plumcot (Prunus salicina Lindle. ${\times}$ Prunus armeniaca L.) 'Harmony' fruits. plumcot fruits were stored at 0, 5, 10, and $20^{\circ}C$, respectively, with three different ripeness stages grouped by skin color development. Furthermore, we treated $1{\mu}L{\cdot}L^{-1}$ 1-MCP was treated at $10^{\circ}C$ for 17 hours and stored at $10^{\circ}C$ for 12 days to evaluate the effectiveness for better shelf-life. The results indicated that lower storage temperature than room temperature effectively reduced the respiration rate with delaying quality changes. While, the fruits showed worse fruit taste than the fruits stored at 10 and $20^{\circ}C$. Reversely, the fruits stored at $20^{\circ}C$ showed more respiration rate and ethylene production. 1-MCP treatment effectively reduced the skin red color development, ethylene production, $CO_2$ and softening of plumcot 'Harmony' fruits. Overall data indicated that the optimum harvest time and storage temperature could be 30-50% red color and near $10^{\circ}C$. Postharvest 1-MCP application at the level of $1.0{\mu}L{\cdot}L^{-1}$ could maintain fruit quality well in plumcot fruits.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.21 no.1 s.85
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• pp.1-11
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• 2005

The application of Dongchimi liquid into Naengmyon broth for the improved eating quality of Naengmyon was scientifically explored by reviewing the quality properties of the product. Primarily, the optimum fermentation conditions for Dongchimi from which the liquid portion was extracted were pursued and the optimum mixing ratio was sought on the basis of sensory and microbiological properties of the product. The liquid portions which had been periodically extracted from Dongchimi at intervals of two or five days during fermentation at $10^{\circ}C$ were added to Naengmyon broth. The treatments were prepared with three levels, namely, basic broth only('A') and the ratios of 3:7(v/v, 'B') and 5:5(v/v, 'C') of Dongchimi liquid and basic broth, respectively. According to assessments of Dongchimi liquid on taste and intensity based on sensory analyses, the organoleptic factors such as color, smell, sour taste, carbonated taste, and overall acceptability were given higher values from day 11 to day 17 in all items. As for the assessment of Dongchimi liquid on intensity, color, sour odor, moldy odor, and carbonated taste have shown the increasing scores during with high intensities while those for clearness has stayed low. Most of the phenomena observed from the Naengmyon broth substituted with $30\%$ (Treatment 'A') and $50\%$ (Treatment 'B') of Dongchimi liquids with different storage periods ensued much of the previous fermentation pattern of Dongchimi itself. Organoleptic assessment on taste and its intensity showed that better(the best) scores could be obtained at between day 16$\~$25(17) and 13$\~$20(15) for Treatments A and B, respectively. The intensity scores of taste for color, smell, carbonated taste, sour taste, and mouthfeel were increased while those for clearness, palatability, and meaty ones were decreased with lapse of fermentation. The numbers of total cell and lactic acid bacterial counts of Dongchimi has increased until day 13 and then decreased in the later stages. Total cell count and lactic acid bacterial counts of Naengmyon broth also increased until the 13th day and then they began to decrease. It was also proven that slightly over-ripened Dongchimi liquid was more preferable for adding into Naengmyon broth. Granting the optimum ripening period of Dongchimi liquid itself to be 13 days, both Treatment A and Treatment B were evenly favored using Dongchimi liquids slightly over-ripened at days 13 to 17. However, Treatment A was more favored than Treatment B when Dongchimi liquid over-ripened for 20 to 26 days was used.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.478-482
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• 2001

This experiment conducted to know physiological characteristics and stress effect on different growth stage of soybean by night illumination. Soybean variety, Shinpaldalkong 2, Keumjungkong and Muhankong were treated by night illumination with 20~30 Lux (0.05~0.08W m$^{-2}$ , 0.24~0.36 $\mu$㏖ S$^{-1}$ m$^{-2}$ ) for 15 days at six different growth stage, seedling, pre-floral initiation, post-floral initiation, pod filling and seed ripening stage. Night illumination delayed flowering to 2~8 days compared to control. Delay of flowering by night illumination severely effected at the pre-floral initiation stage. Stem length was increased all the night illumination treatments except the pod filling stage. Number of nodes in Shinpaldalkong 2 and Keumjungkong 1 were increased until before post-floral initiation stage but in Muhankong were increased until after post-floral initiation stage by night illumination treatments. Number of pods were decreased all the night illumination treatments except seedling stage compared with control. Yield decreased all the treatments and severe the loss rate degree showed the order of prefloral initiation, post-floral initiation, seedling and flowering stage.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.340-346
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• 2000

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of nitrogen fertilization in job's tears (Coix lachryma-jobi L.) on the growth characteristics, grain yield, nitrogen accumulation, and chemical property of soil after harvest. Heading and budding stages were shorter than control but growth periods was increased because of the increase of ripening periods according to the increase of nitrogen fertilizer applications. Number of main culm node and culm diameter was similar but culm length and tiller number per plant were better according to the increment of nitrogen fertilizer applications than control but the decrease of grain yield was attributed to the fact that damage by corn borer was 30% in $240kg\;ha^{-1}$ of nitrogen treatment. Some of yield components was better according to the increment of nitrogen fertilizer applications but grain number per plant of $160kg\;ha^{-1}$ of nitrogen treatment was greater. So grain yield was the highest ($3,410kg\;ha^{-1}$) at the $160kg\;ha^{-1}$ of nitrogen fertilization. Nitrogen use efficiency decreased according to the increase of nitrogen fertilization. Total nitrogen of soil after experiment in 0, $80kg\;ha^{-1}$ of nitrogen treatments was lower and in 160, $240kg\;ha^{-1}$ of nitrogen treatments was higher than that before the experiment.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2019.10a
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• pp.69-69
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• 2019

해당화 열매를 숙기 별로 과육의 항산화물질 함량과 씨앗의 지방산 함량을 측정하여 평가하였다. 과육의 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) 항산화능을 갈산 환산농도로 나타내면 미성숙 과육은 $4.36{\pm}0.03mg/g$, 성숙 초기 과육은 $4.54{\pm}0.37mg/g$, 성숙 중기 과육에는 $4.78{\pm}0.21mg/g$, 성숙 후기에는 $4.30{\pm}0.22mg/g$ 범위로 항산화능을 보여주었다. 항산화능력은 성숙중기에서 높은 함량을 보여주었고 성숙함에 따라 감소함을 보여주었다. 미성숙, 성숙 초기는 유의한 걸로 나오지만 성숙 중기와 성숙 후기은 다른 성숙도와 유의하지 않았다. 총 페놀 함량의 미성숙 과육은 $1.60{\pm}0.03mg/g$, 성숙 초기 과육은 $1.80{\pm}0.08mg/g$, 성숙 중기 과육에는 $2.03{\pm}0.67mg/g$, 성숙 후기에는 $1.53{\pm}0.07mg/g$ 범위로 폴리페놀이 존재하였다. 성숙 초기에 제일 높은 항산화능력과 폴리페놀 함량을 보여주고 있으며 성숙할수록 항산화능력과 총 페놀 함량이 떨어지는 것을 알 수 있다. 씨앗의 지방산 함량은 리올레산, 리놀렌산, 올레산, 팔미트산 순으로 많았다. 리올레산은 미성숙 씨앗은 전체 함량 중 56.46%, 초기 과육 씨앗에는 54.26%, 중기 과육 씨앗에는 51.67%, 후기 씨앗에는 50.75%의 함량을 가지고 있다. 리올렌산은 미성숙 씨앗은 전체 함량 중 18.80, 초기 과육 씨앗에는 17.96%, 중기 과육 씨앗에는 18.90%, 후기 씨앗에는 21.42%의 함량을 가지고 있다. 올레산은 미성숙 씨앗은 전체 함량 중 13.54%, 초기 과육 씨앗에는 20.78%, 중기 과육 씨앗에는 22.44%, 후기 씨앗에는 20.81%의 함량을 가지고 있다. 팔미트산은 미성숙 씨앗은 전체 함량 중 6.80%, 초기 과육 씨앗에는 3.40%, 중기 과육 씨앗에는 3.37%, 후기 씨앗에는 3.32%의 함량을 가지고 있다. 리올레산은 미성숙 시기에 가장 많았고 리올렌산은 후기에 올레산은 중기에, 팔미트산은 초기에 많았다.

• Food Engineering Progress
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.324-331
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• 2011

Hyperspectral reflectance imaging technology was used to predict internal quality of cherry tomatoes with the spectral range of 400-1000 nm. Partial least square (PLS) regression method was used to predict firmness, sugar content, and acid content. The PLS models were developed with several preprocessing methods, such as normalization, standard normal variate (SNV), multiplicative scatter correction (MSC), and derivative of Savitzky Golay. The performance of the prediction models were investigated to find the best combination of the preprocessing and PLS models. The coefficients of determination ($R^{2}_{p}$) and standard errors of prediction (SEP) for the prediction of firmness, sugar content, and acid content of cherry tomatoes from green to red ripening stages were 0.876 and 1.875kgf with mean of normalization, 0.823 and $0.388^{\circ}Bx$ with maximum of normalization, and 0.620 and 0.208% with maximum of normalization, respectively.