• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제53권6호
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• pp.414-416
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• 2020

Hemitruncus arteriosus is a rare cardiovascular malformation in which one of the pulmonary arteries anomalously originates from the aorta. Left hemitruncus arteriosus, defined as the origination of the left pulmonary artery from the aorta, is less common than right hemitruncus arteriosus. In this study, we report the case of a neonate diagnosed with left hemitruncus arteriosus, ventricular septal defect, and atrial septal defect who underwent successful surgical treatment.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.164-169
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• 1983

The patient in whom corrected transposition of the great vessels is an isolated congenital anomaly has a physiologically normal circulation. A 19 year old male was perforemd with surgical correction for congenitally corrected transposition of great arteries (SLL) associated with ventricular septal defect (type I) and severe pulmonary stenosis. After right sided ventriculotomy, ventricular septal defect was repaired with Dacron patch and to provide adequate relief of severe valvar stenosis of pulmonary artery, valvulotomy was done. On immediate postoperative period, complete heart block and lower cardiac output state were ocurred, but adequate blood pressure could be maintained under using of inotropic agent and temporary pace-maker.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.286-289
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• 2018

A 4-year-old castrated male Maltese was referred to our hospital with heart murmur. The client did not recognize any symptoms. Auscultation revealed systolic murmur located at the left heart base. Radiographs showed right-sided cardiomegaly with the main pulmonary artery bulging and enlargement of pulmonary vessels. Echocardiogram revealed a small ventricular septal defect and a large atrial septal defect. There was also a common atrioventricular valve. Based on diagnostic imaging studies, the dog was diagnosed with transitional atrioventricular septal defect.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.957-969
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• 1988

There is tendency of increasing number and decreasing age of patients who are indicated for Rastelli operation for their cyanotic congenita heart disease. So there is the need to find the creiterion which saves the patients from early postoperative hemodynamic disturbances. We reviewed the 26 patients who had been performed Rastelli operation at Seoul national University hOipital from January 1981 to June 1988. mean age of the patients was 7.8 $\pm$ 3.4 years (range 2.5-1.5 years), mean body surface area(BSA) 0.79 $\pm$ 0.25 $m^{2}$(range 0.49-1.51 $m^{2}$) and mean hematocrit 57.95 $\pm$ 12%(range 48-80%). We diveded these patients into survived group and died group before postoperative 72 hours, and analysed preoperative arterial oxygen saturation($SaO_{2}$), the ratio of diameter of fight pulmonary artery to ascending aorta(RA:/AA), the ratio of both right and left pulmonary artery diameter to descending thoracic aorta(RPA+LPA/DTA), pulmonary artery index(PA index), cardiopulmonary bypass time, aorta cross-clamping time, postoperative perfusion state and total amount of dopamine infused postoperatively. The results showed that RPA+LPA/DTA and PA index were statistically significatn factors to influence early postoperative cardiac death rate (P<0.05). Especially there were good linear correlations between PA index(X) and perpheral perfusion index(Y)(Y = -1.15 + 0.02 X, r = 0.86, P<0.01) and between PA index(X) and total amount of dopamine infused before postoperative 72 hours(mg/kg, Y)(Y = 61.94 - 0.15 X, r = - 0.80, P<0.01). Also there were tendencies that the higher RPA + LPA/DTA(Y), the betterperipheral perfusion (X) and the lower need of dopamine(X), but no statistical significance. (Y = 0.78 + 1.60 X, r = 0.49, P>0.05) And the discrimant analysis showed that patients with PA index over 221 $mm^{2}$/BSA could undergo correction with 25 per cent of error rate. In conclusion, early postoperative hemodynamic states could be predicted by preoperatively measured PA index, and which can be used as a criterion for Rastelli operation performed on cyanotic congenital heart disease.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.641-647
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• 2016

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive disease characterized by vascular remodeling of pulmonary arteries (PAs) and increased vascular resistance in the lung. Monocrotaline (MCT), a toxic alkaloid, is widely used for developing rat models of PAH caused by injury to pulmonary endothelial cells; however, characteristics of vascular functions in MCT-induced PAH vary and are not fully understood. Here, we investigated hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) responses and effects of various vasoconstrictors with isolated/perfused lungs of MCT-induced PAH (PAH-MCT) rats. Using hematoxylin and eosin staining, we confirmed vascular remodeling (i.e., medial thickening of PA) and right ventricle hypertrophy in PAH-MCT rats. The basal pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) and PAP increase by a raised flow rate (40 mL/min) were higher in the PAH-MCT than in the control rats. In addition, both high $K^+$ (40 mM KCl)- and angiotensin II-induced PAP increases were higher in the PAH-MCT than in the control rats. Surprisingly, application of a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, L-$N^G$-Nitroarginine methyl ester (L-NAME), induced a marked PAP increase in the PAH-MCT rats, suggesting that endothelial functions were recovered in the three-week PAH-MCT rats. In addition, the medial thickening of the PA was similar to that in chronic hypoxia-induced PAH (PAH-CH) rats. However, the HPV response (i.e., PAP increased by acute hypoxia) was not affected in the MCT rats, whereas HPV disappeared in the PAH-CH rats. These results showed that vascular contractility and HPV remain robust in the MCT-induced PAH rat model with vascular remodeling.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.41-48
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• 2008

배경: 전부하의 정확한 평가와 수액요법을 통한 적절한 유지는 관상동맥질환자의 심박출량을 최적화하는데 있어서 매우 중요하다. 본 연구는 수액부하에 따른 일회 박출량지수의 변화와 전부하 지표들간의 상관관계를 살펴봄으로써, 이러한 전부하 지표들이 수액부하 반응을 예측할 수 있으며 수액요법의 지침으로 유용한가를 평가하였다. 대상 및 방법: 관상동맥우회술을 시행 받은 환자 96명을 대상으로 연구를 진행하였다. 마취유도 10분 후(T1)에 혈역학 변수들을 기록하고, 6% hydroethylstarch 130/0.4를 체중 kg당 10 mL를 20분에 걸쳐 정주하였으며, 이후 10분 후(T2)에 혈역학 변수를 다시 기록하였다. 결과: 수액부하에 따른 일회박출량지수 변화량(%)과 수액부하 전(T1)의 우심실박출계수가 통계적으로 유의한 상관관계를 보였으며(r=0.272, p=0.017), 중심정맥압, 폐모세혈관쐐기압, 이완기말우심실용적지수는 유의한 상관관계를 보이지 않았다. 이들 중 어떠한 지표도 ROC (receiver operating characteristics) 곡선아래 영역이 0.7을 넘지 않았다. 수액부하에 따라 일회박출량지수가 10% 이상 증가한 반응군으로, 증가하지 않은 군을 비반응군으로 정의하였을 때, 반응군은 31명, 비반응군은 65명이었으며, 우심실박출계수를 제외한 수액부하 전 지표들은 두 군간 차이를 보이지 않았다. 결론: 관상동맥 질환 환자에서 폐동맥카테터로 얻을 수 있는 전부하 지표들을 이용하여 수액부하에 따르는 일회박출량지수의 반응을 예측할 수는 없었다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제31권12호
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• pp.1222-1225
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• 1998

젊은 연령층 환자를 대상으로 한 대동맥판막치환술은 몇가지 내재하는 문제점을 안고 있는데, 조직판막의 경우 내구성의 제한으로 재치환이 필요하며, 금속판막의 경우 내구성은 좋지만 일생동안 항응고제 치료에 따른 불편을 감수해야 한다. 로스술식은 대동맥판막치환에 대한 하나의 대안으로서 젊은 연령층 환자를 대상으로 점차 널리 시행되는 추세이나 장기적인 관점에서는 우심실유출로 협착 등의 문제로 인해 재수술을 필요로 한다는 사실이 단점으로 지적될 수 있다. 저자 등은 로스술식의 이러한 단점을 보완하기 위해 대동맥판막폐쇄부전을 앓아온 21세 여자 환자를 대상으로 로스술식을 적용하면서 폐동맥판막 위치에 자가 대동맥판막을 이전해 주는 반월판막전환술을 시행하였다. 이러한 반월판막전환술의 결과 폐동맥판막 위치에 이전된 자가폐동맥판막이 병리학적 변화를 수반하더라도 이전 후의 낮은 폐동맥압과 폐혈관저항으로 인해 판막기능이 비교적 만족할 만한 수준으로 호전되는 것을 경험하였기에 보고하는 바이다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.533-541
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• 1995

We recently developed a new model of moving actuator type totally implantable artificial heart[TIAH , based on the reverse position of the aortic and pulmonary conduits. This concept was proposed by one of surgeons in our team[Joon-Ryang Rho, M.D. to facilitate anatomical fitting of TIAHs. The moving actuator type electromechanical TIAH consisted of the left and right blood sacs, and the moving actuator including a motor. The inverted umbrella type polyurethane valves were used in the blood pumps. The aortic conduit was positioned anterior to the pulmonary conduit, which was the opposite relation to the conventional configuration of other total artificial hearts. We also adapted slip-in connectors for the aortic and pulmonary conduits. Two sheep , weighing 60-69 kg, were used for implantation. After small cervical incision and trans-sternal bilateral thoracotomy, cardiopulmonary bypass [CPB was administered using an American Optical 5-head pump and a membrane oxygenator[Univox-IC, Bentley . The anterior and posterior vena cavae were drained separately for venous return. An arterial return cannula was inserted into the right common carotid artery. During CPB, almost all of the ventricular myocardium was excised down to the atrioventricular groove and the artificial heart was implanted. We achieved 3-day survival in the first sheep and 2-day survival in the second. The day after operation the first sheep was successfully extubated and the second sheep was weaned from a respirator with good condition. After extubation, the first sheep walked around in the cage and fed herself. Serial laboratory and hemodynamic examinations were done during the experiments. In both sheep, pulmonary dysfunction was gradually developed, which was accompanied by acute renal failure. The animals were sacrificed and autopsy was done. Unexpected pregnnacy was incidentally found in both sheep. To our knowledge this is the first report of significant survival cases in the orthotopic implantation of electric TIAH using sheep.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.67-75
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• 2003

목 적 : 분지 폐동맥 협착 부위에 스텐트를 삽입하여 효과적으로 교정한 후, 이후 추적 관찰시에 협착이 없었던 반대편 분지 폐동맥 단면적이 감소하지 않고 증가하는 양상을 관찰하였다. 이에 분지 폐동맥 단면적의 변화에 영향을 끼치는 형태학적 혈역학적 요인들을 분석해 보았다. 방 법 : 1995년 1월부터 2002년 7월까지 연세대학교 심장혈관병원 소아심장과에서 좌폐동맥 분지 협착을 진단받고 스텐트 삽입을 시행받은 23명의 환아를 대상으로 하였다. 이들 환아에서 스텐트 삽입 전후로 심혈관 조영술을 통해 좌우 폐동맥 단면적의 변화, 도플러 심초음파 검사를 시행하여 폐동맥 부전을 측정하여 역류 분율의 변화를 관찰하였고, 폐관류 검사를 함께 시행하였다. 결 과 : 1) 좌폐동맥 협착으로 스텐트를 삽입한 후 좌폐동맥 지수는 $102{\pm}12mm^2/BSA$에서 $125{\pm}11mm^2/BSA$로 유의하게 증가하였다(P=0.001). 2) 협착이 없었던 우폐동맥 지수의 변화를 보면, 좌폐동맥에 스텐트를 삽입하기 전에 평균 $238{\pm}17mm^2/BSA$에서 추적 검사시 $249{\pm}20mm^2/BSA$로 유의한 증가는 없었다(P=0.474). 3) 스텐트 삽입 전후로 양측 폐동맥 지수의 합을 보면, 삽입전 $340{\pm}21mm^2/BSA$에서 추적 검사시 $374{\pm}26mm^2/BSA$로 증가하는 경향이 있었지만 유의한 차이는 없었다(P=0.09). 4) 폐동맥 폐쇄부전 역류 분율의 변화는 스텐트 삽입전 $50{\pm}5%$에서 $46{\pm}5%$로 감소하였으나, 유의한 감소량은 아니었다. 그러나, 폐동맥 폐쇄부전 역류 분율 증감 정도에 따라 세 군으로 나누어 비교해 보면, 3 군에서 우폐동맥지수는 삽입 전 $260{\pm}23mm^2/BSA$에서 추적 검사시 $325{\pm}33mm^2/BSA$으로 유의하게 증가하였다(P=0.041). 좌폐동맥 지수는 각 군에서 스텐트 삽입 전후로 증가하는 양상은 관찰되었으나, 1군에서만 유의하였고, 이는 폐동맥 폐쇄부전의 역류 분율 증감이 좌폐동맥의 단면적에 변화를 미치는 일차적 요인은 아닌 것으로 분석된다. 5) 스텐트 삽입 후 좌 우폐동맥 모두 폐동맥 폐쇄부전이 심할수록 폐동맥지수가 증가하여 유의한 양의 상관 관계를 가지고 (좌폐동맥; r=0.69, P<0.01 및 우폐동맥; r=0.53, P<0.01), 회귀분석상으로도 유의한 관계를 보였다. 또한 양측폐동맥 지수의 합도 유의한 양의 상관 관계(r=0.71, P<0.01)를 보였다. 결 론 : 협착이 있던 좌폐동맥은 스텐트의 삽입으로 교정되어 그 단면적 지수가 증가하였다. 그리고, 반대편 우폐동맥의 경우에는 잔존하는 폐동맥 폐쇄부전의 영향으로 단면적 지수가 감소하지 않고, 오히려 증가한 것을 관찰하였다. 그러나, 잔존하는 폐동맥 폐쇄부전의 장기적 예후를 고려해 볼 때, 이를 예방할 수 있는 것이 중요하다. 또한 역류 분율을 정확히 산출하기 위해 자기공명영상을 이용하는 것도 적극 검토해야 할 것이다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.593-606
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• 1984

With the ligation of patent ductus arteriosus by Gross in 1938, surgeons first entered the field of congenital heart disease. Interruption of a ductus is one of the most satisfactory and curative operations in the field of surgery for congenital heart disease. 27 cases of isolated patent ductus arteriosus were operated from Jan. 1978 to July 1984 at the Department of Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surgery in Kyung-Hee University Hospital. Retrospective clinical analysis of these patients were: 1. Sex ratio, female: male, was 2:1. 2. Mean age at operation was 9.85\ulcorner.58 years. The youngest patient was a 23 month-old girl and the oldest one was a 24 year-old male. 3. More than half of the patients had less than 50 percentile of growth retardation. 4. Chief complaints of the patients were frequent URI [52%], dyspnea on exertion [33%], generalized weakness [22%], palpitation [7%], but 7 patients [26%] had no subjective symptoms. 5. Continuous machinery murmur could be heard at the 2nd or 3rd intercostal space on the left sternal border in 22 patients [81%]. The other S patients made systolic murmur with accentuation of the second heart sound and those were associated with pulmonary hypertension. 6. Radiologic findings of Chest P-A were cardiac enlargement in 15 patients [55%], enlargement of pulmonary conus and/or increasing density of pulmonary vascularity in 20 patients [74%]. 7. Electrocardiographic findings of the patients were within normal limit in 13 patients [48%], LVH in 4 patients [15%], biventricular hypertrophy in 3 patients [11%]. 8; echocardiogram was obtained from 11 patients. Ductus was directly visualized in 7 patients. Left atrial enlargement is the secondary change of left to right shunt, 10 patients had LA/Ao ratio more than 1.2. 9. Cardiac catheterization performed in 25 patients. The mean value of the results were:SO2[PA-RV]= 14.72\ulcorner6.01%, Qp/Qs=2.22\ulcorner.80, peak systolic pulmonary arterial pressure=48.28\ulcorner1.60 mmHg. 10. 26 patients were operated through the left posterolateral thoracotomy: closure of ductus by double ligation in 14 cases, triple ligation in 5 cases, and division with suture in 8 cases. One patient suffer from aneurysmal rupture of main pulmonary artery, endocarditis, hemopericardium was treated with cardiopulmonary bypass via median sternotomy and closure of ductus through the ruptured main pulmonary artery. 11.There was no death associated with the operation, but 3 cases were experienced with intraoperative rupture around the ductus resulting in massive bleeding. The other complications were transient hoarseness in one patient, atelectasis in left lower lobe in 3 patients, and postoperative systemic hypertension in 4 patients with unknown etiology. 12. Pulse pressure was reduced, 11.47+5.92 mmHg, postoperatively, as compare to preoperative status. 13. Intraoperative wedge lung biopsy from lingular segment for the evaluation of the pulmonary vascular disease was taken in S patients with severe pulmonary hypertension. The result was Heath-Edward grade I in one case, grade II in two cases, and grade III in two cases.