• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.832-837
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• 1999

lntrarenal resistive index (RI) was determined in normal, sedated and diuretic kidneys. The mean RI values of normal dogs were $0.64{\pm}0.03$ without statistically significant difference between left and right kidney. Interrenal RI difference (${\Delta}RI$) was $0.03{\pm}0.01$. No significant relationship was found between mean intrarenal RI versus body weight. The mean intrarenal RI values after administration of acepromazine, xylazine, thiopental, and ketamine were $0.66{\pm}0.03$, $0.64{\pm}0.03$, $0.56{\pm}0.05$, and $0.50{\pm}0.05$, respectively. After administration of acepromazine or xylazine, a significant change of the RI was not found. But, a significant decrease of the RI following thiopental or ketamine administration could be observed as compared with the normal RI. The mean intrarenal RI values were $0.63{\pm}0.06$ and $0.62{\pm}0.04$ at 10 minutes and 30 minutes after injection of furosemide, respectively. No significant change of intrarenal RI was found after administration of furosemide. But, mannitol significantly decreased mean intrarenal RI to $0.57{\pm}0.02$ and $0.58{\pm}0.03$ at 30 minutes and 60 minutes, respectively. Based on the obtained results, values of 0.72 and 0.05 may be proposed as the reasonable upper limits of RI and ${\Delta}RI$ of normal average. Acepromazine or xylazine are recommended as anesthetics for renal diseases because they have less effect on the RI. Further study using mannitol injection to increase ${\Delta}RI$ may be suggested in unilateral urinary tract obstruction since mannitol more effectively changed mean RI than furosemide.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.25-34
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• 1989

The author performed on epidemiological study of the TMD in 189 elderly people and 195 young people with Helkimo index. The clinical dysfunction index was based on data from clinical examination and the anamestic dysfunction index was based on data from the interview with the investigated person. The results were as follows : 1. In the elderly population, 27.5% reported that they had subjectively symptom of TMD but 43.4% had sign and symptoms of TMD in clinical examination. 2. The mean values for maximal opening differed significantly between elderly and young populations, 47.22mm and 51.44mm (p<0.001) and less than a 40mm opening was observed 7.9% in elderly population, 0.5% in young population (p<0.001). 3. The mean values for lateral movement to the right and left did not differ with age, which were 8.56mm and 8.47mm in elderly population, 8.90mm and 8.81mm in young population, but the mean value for protrusion differed significantly between elderly and young populations, 6.89mm and 7.64mm (p<0.01). 4. A higher incidence of TMJ noise was recorded in the elderly and young populations than young population, especially crepitus, but a higher incidence of clicking was recorded in young population (p<0.05).

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.67-80
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• 1989

The author studied the changes of muscle activity with Bioelectric processor Model EM2(Myotronics Corp., USA) before and after occlusal stabilization splint therapy. For this study, 15 temporomandibular disorders patients and 15 students without any temporomandibular disorders symptoms were selected, for experimental group and control group, respectively. Experimental group were treated with occlusal stabilization splint and checked about electromyographic activity before and after therapy. Electromyographic levels were measured in both groups at the following mandibular position, i.e., physiologic rest, tapping, light biting, hard open without pain, open with pain, right excursion and ipsilateral biting, left excursion and ipsilateral biting, protrusion, protrusive biting, edge biting and physiologic rest after movement. The obtained results were as follows : 1. In experimental group, post-treatment mean values of muscle activity were lower than pretreatment values. 2. In general, the pre-treatment mean values of muscle activity in experimental group were higher than those of control group. 3. In experimental group, no statistically significant difference appeared between affected and unaffected side. 4. The mean value of muscle activity in physiologic rest position after each movement check was lower than that before each movement check.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.237-246
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• 1995

Between March 1989 and December 1994, one-stage repair was performed for correction of the intracardiac malformations associated with aortic coarctation in 34 patients or interrupted aortic arch in 8 patients via median sternotomy. There were 26 male and 16 female patients, and their body weight ranged from 1.8 to 8 kg [mean weight, 4.0 1.4 kg . The age at the operation ranged from 7 days to 18 months [mean age, 3.1 $\pm$ 3.8 months . The repair of aortic coarctation or interrupted aortic arch was performed using extended end-to-end anastomosis in most of the patients [86%, 36/42 , and six patients underwent ductal tissue excision and patch aortoplasty. Intracardiac defects were corrected concomitantly through the right atrium unless the anatomy dictated otherwise. Obstructive outlet septum was resected whenever necessary. There were seven early deaths [16.8 % , and three late deaths with a mean follow-up period of 25 months [range from 1 to 65 months . Three patients were reoperated upon residual subaortic stenosis, stenosis at the RPA origin, and subacute bacterial endocarditis respectively. None showed any significant residual or anastomotic stenosis postoperatively. One stage repair of the aortic coarctation and interrupted aortic arch associated with intracardiac defect leaves no native coarctation shelf tissue or residual hypoplasia in the repaired segment, has low incidence of recurrent or residual stenosis, minimizes reoperation and incisions, and manages arch hypoplasia easily. We concluded that surgical results of one-stage repair for the intracardiac malformation associated with aortic coarctation or interrupted aortic arch are reasonable.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.804-810
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• 1984

Two hundred twenty one cases of open heart surgery were done in the Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Pusan National University Hospital from July, 1981 to October, 1984. 1.There were 154 cases [73%] of congenital anomalies and 57 cases [27%] of acquired valvular heart diseases. Among the congenital cases, 128 cases were acyanotic and 26 cases were cyanotic. Among the 57 cases of acquired valvular replacement surgery, 3 cases had open heart commissurotomy, one had Kay annuloplasty. 2.The age distribution of the congenital acyanotic anomalies ranged from 5 to 32 years with mean age of 12.8 years, the congenital cyanotic anomalies from 3 to 29 years with mean age of 14.2 years and the acquired valvular diseases from 9 to 51 years with mean age of 30 years. The difference of sex distribution was no significance. 3.Three methods for debubbling process were used in our institute, in 133 cases, the vent was inserted into the left ventricular apex, in 61 cases inserted into the left atrium through right superior pulmonary vein and in 17 cases used needle aspiration only. 4.For cardioplegia, the GIK solution was infused repeatedly from 30 to 40 minutes interval and brought excellent results for myocardial protection during open heart surgery. 5.Overall mortality was 7.6%. The mortality along with each disease is 1.56% in congenital acyanotic cases, 26.9% in congenital cyanotic cases and 12.3% in acquired valvular disease.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.17-24
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• 1997

The purpose of the present study was to use digital profile image features and digital image analysis of fixed-dimension bone regions, extracted from standardized periapical radiographs of the maxilla, to determine whether differences exist in alveolar bone of younger women(mean age: 59.23±7.34 years) and just menopaused women(mean age: 59.23±7.34). Periapical films were used from two groups of 20 randomly selected women. None of the subjects had a remarkable medical history. To simplify protocol, we chose one interproximal bone area between the maxillary right canine and lateral incisor for study. Ech film was digitized into a 1312 x 1024 pixel x 8 bit depth matrix by means of a Nikon 35 mm film scanner(LS-35lOAF, Japan) with fixed gain and internal dark current correction to maintain constant illumination. The scanner was interfaced to a Macintosh LC III computer(Apple Computer, Charlotte, N.C.). Area and profile orientation were selected with a NIMH Image 1.37(NIH Research Services Branch, Bethesda, Md.). Histogram features were extracted from each profile and area. The results of this study indicate that mean pixel intensities didn't differ significantly between two groups and there was a high correlarion-coefficient between digitized radiographic profile features and area features.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.115-120
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• 2015

PURPOSE: Vertebrobasilar insufficiency (VBI) should be carefully assessed in patient for whom manipulation of the cervical spine is to be undertaken. The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in posterior cerebral artery blood flow velocity following head and body positioning by transcranial doppler ultrasonography (TCD) in healthy subjects. METHODS: Twenty two healthy female (mean age $20.77{\pm}1.30yrs.$) participants volunteered to participate in the study. None of the participants had a history of neck pain or headache within the last 6 months. To evaluate the cerebral blood flow, we measured the mean flow velocity of the posterior cerebral artery unilaterally (right side). The blood flow velocity was measured under 3 different head positions (in a neutral head position, ipsilateral head rotation and contralateral head rotation position) and 2 different body conditions (supine position and sitting position). RESULTS: The mean blood flow velocity of posterior cerebral artery was decreased in body positioning from supine to sitting (p<.05), but the decreased rate of blood flow velocity in posterior cerebral artery did not change significantly between ipsilateral head rotation and contralateral head rotation (p>.05). CONCLUSION: These result of our study show that body positioning (sitting and supine) affect the blood flow velocity in posterior cerebral artery.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.25 no.12
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• pp.1542-1549
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• 1992

From March 1986 to August 1992, 18 patients underwent diaphragmatic plication for the diaphragmatic paralyses complicating various pediatric cardiac procedures. Age at operation ranged from 16 day to 84 months with mean age of 11.8 months. In order of decreasing incidence, the primary cardiac procedures included modified Blalock-Taussig shunt [ 5 ], Arterial switch operation [ 4 ], modified Fontan operation [ 2 ], and others [ 7 ]. The suspicious causes of phrenic nerve injury included overzealous pericardial resection [ 7 ], direct trauma during the procedure [ 6 ], dissection of fibrous adhesion around the phrenic nerve [ 3 ] and unknown etiology [ 2 ]. The involved sides of diaphragm were right in 10, left in 7 and bilateral in one. The diagnosis was suspected by the elevation of hem-idiaphragm on chest x-ray and confirmed by fluoroscopy. The interval between primary operation and plication ranged from the day of operation to 38 postoperative days [mean : 14 days]. The method of plication were "Central pleating technique" described by Schwartz in 16 and other techniques in 2. Five patients expired after plication and the cause of death were not thought to be correlated directly with the plication itself. In the remaining 13 survivors, extubation or cessation of positive ventilation could be done between the periods of the day of plication and 14th postoperative days [mean; 3.8day]. We have made the following conclusions : 1] Phrenic nerve paralyses are relatively common complication after pediatric cardiac procedures and the causes of phrenic nerve injury are mostly preventable; 2] Phrenic nerve palsy is associated with corisiderable morbidity; 3] diaphragmatic plication is safe, reliable and can be applicable in patients who are younger age and require prolonged positive pressure ventilation.ntilation.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.36-43
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• 1993

Sixty four children [aged 2 days to 9 years] , 58 with complete transposition of the great arteries, 5 with Taussig-Bing double outlet right ventricle, and 1 with double outlet left ventricle plus left ventricular type single ventricle, have undergone anatomic correction from November 1987 to August 1992. Eleven underwent previous operations: pulmonary artery banding[7], modified Blalock-Taussig shunt[2], coarctoplasty[2], aortic arch reconstruction[1] . Of 58 patients with TGA, Type A coronary arteries of Yacoub were seen in 50[86%]. U-shaped coroanry arterial flaps were transfered to the neoaorta using trap door technique, and neopulmonary arterial tract was constructed using glutaraldehyde fixed autopericardium with Lecompte maneuver. There were 18 hospital deaths [28.1%] with no late mortality. Mean follow-up of 20.4\ulcorner11.9 months were achieved in all survivors. Postoperative cardiac catheterizations were done in 14 cases. Mean pressure gradients of pulmonary and aortic outflow tract were 15.0 $\pm$2.6 and 4.2$\pm$1.4mmHg, mild aortic valve insufficiencies were found in 2, and mean cardiac index was 5.18$\pm$0.19 L/min/M2. We conclude that we should continue anatomic correction for the complex congenital heart anomalies with the malposition of the great arteries because myocardial function seems to be well preserved, though we are still on the learning curve.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.136-142
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• 1988

Between February, 1983, and March, 1987, thirty-one systemic-pulmonary shunts were performed in 28 patients with cyanotic congenital heart disease. Age ranged from 8 months to 28 years [mean age, 5.4 years, Weight ranged from 7 kg to 48 kg [mean weight, 16kg]. There were 4 classic Blalock-Taussig shunts, 5 central polytetrafluoroethylene shunts, 1 aorta-right pulmonary artery shunt with graft, and 21 modified Blalock-Taussig shunts. One patient required another shunt immediately due to insufficient pulmonary blood flow with patent graft. There was no postoperative death. Conduit diameters included 4mm [2 cases], 5 mm [22 cases], and 6 mm [3 cases]. Long term follow up was available in 27 patients [96.4%] with mean period of 20 months [range, 4 months to 49 months]. The effectiveness of shunt was evaluated by cardiac catheterization with angiography [15 patients] or clinically. They showed improvement of systemic oxygen saturation values by 12% and decrease of hemoglobin by 2.3gm/dl [P<0.01]. There were 2 shunt occlusion in central shunts at 32 and 48 months respectively, and one narrowing of graft in modified Blalock-Taussig shunt at 12 months. The patency rate was 91.6% at 24 months for 5 mm grafts in modified Blalock-Taussig shunt.