• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.59-64
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• 1999

This study is about gaining orientation through anchorage act of a group of ferryman. In addition, a point acquisition and character of landmark that is closely realated to a point acquisition would be clarified by studying the form of configuration of the earth and object which is used landmark for anchorage. There are 13 anchorage points in the north part of Pusan harbor. 12 anchorage points are used to anchor. A ferryman let a ship which is temporarily anchoring move safely and speedily at the anchorage point. At that time, he uses landmarks by a technique of Overlay View. Between landmarks and viewer would be formed exquisite location combination. A mountain peak, a peak of island, nature configuration of land such as intermitent rock and location, size and form of buildings or structures of a city were variously appeared as landscape elements which were used landmarks. Looking at conditions to be easily captured as a target object, 1. A particular point of a mountain ridge line which was not shield by buildings. 2. In case objects have similar form, the building which was located in the front or the highest. 3. In case of a singular object, whatever there is physical elements, that would be a target object. Through this study a configuration of the ground such as a mountain peak which is become the background of harbor landscape is very important element to find anchorage point in configuration of the ground and object. So, the continuous preservation of the contour line of mountain is needed to do safe and effective anchorage act.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.18 no.9
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• pp.887-893
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• 2012

In this paper, we propose a new approach to extract directional features based on directional patterns of each region in fingerprint images. The proposed approach computes the center of gravity to extract features from fingerprint images of various shapes. According to it, we divide a fingerprint image into four regions and compute the directional values of each region. To extract directional features of each region from a fingerprint image, we spilt direction values of ridges in a region into 18 classes and compute frequency distribution of each region. Through the result of our experiment using FVC2002 DB database acquired by electronic devices, we show that directional features are effectively extracted from various fingerprint images of exceptional inputs which lost all or part of singularities. To verify the performance of the proposed approach, we explained the process to model Arch, Left, Right and Whorl class using the extracted directional features of four regions and analyzed the classification result.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.15-20
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• 2005

Moutain side ditch is constructed at the top of cutting slopes around road and it drains the surface water that flowed from upper part. About 70% of a country is composed of mountains so occurrence of cutting face by road general observation is necessary. Instability of cutting face is increased by permeation of underground water by rainfall the summer, pore water pressure increases. However, moutain side ditch is constructed on the top of cutting slopes has some troubles. For example, difficulty of qualify control and lack of drainage faculty. Therefore, stability variation of cutting slope is analyzed by hydraulic conductivity and construction depth of mountain side ditch and effective depth of mountain side ditch is decided in this paper.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.613-635
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• 2017

Strong downslope windstorms often occur in the Liguria Region. This part of North-Western Italy is characterised by an almost continuous mountain range along its West-East axis consisting of Maritime Alps and Apennines, which separate the Padan Plain to the North from the Mediterranean Sea to the South. Along this mountain range many valleys occur, frequently perpendicular to the mountain range axis, where strong gap flows sometimes develop from the top of the mountains ridge to the sea. In the framework of the European projects "Wind and Ports" and "Wind, Ports, and Sea", an anemometric monitoring network made up of 15 (ultra)sonic anemometric stations and 2 LiDARs has been realised in the three main commercial ports of Liguria. Thanks to this network two investigations are herein carried out. First, the wind climatology and the main statistical parameters of one Liguria valley have been studied through the analysis of the measurements taken along a period of 4 years by the anemometer placed at its southern exit. Then, the main characteristics of two strong gap flows that occurred in two distinct valley of Liguria are examined. Both these studies focus, on the one hand, on the climatological and meteorological characterisation of the downslope wind events and, on the other hand, on their most relevant quantities that can affect wind engineering problems.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.478-484
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• 2004

On 11 June 1991, eggs from the brood stock of small yellow croaker (Larimichthys polyactis) were artificially fertilized using the standard dry method and were hatched. Each of the fertilized eggs (1.1-1.2 mm in diameter) had an oil globule and was transparent and buoyant. The fertilized eggs hatched in a range of water temperatures $(17.5-20.3^{\circ}C)$ 44 hrs after fertilization. The total lengths of the newly hatched larvae were 3.1-3.3 mm, and these hatchlings had 31 myotomes (10+21). Melanophores and yellow-brown chromatophores were concentrated on the head, at the ventral part of the yolk, and in the middle of the tail. Four days after hatching, the larvae completely absorbed the yolk and became flexions of 5.1-5.5 mm in total length. Fifteen days after hatching, one spine (the anterior tip of the maxillary) appeared in the upper jaw and three spines developed at the upper parts of the eyes and on the posterior part of the head. At this stage, the larvae were approximately 8.3 mm long. Thirty-nine days after hatching, juveniles (1.9-3.4 mm in total length) had a pointed tail fin. By 66 days after hatching, the juvenile fish (about 4.0-6.5 mm in total length) were similar to adult fish in body shape. The larvae of L. polyactis could be distinguished from those of L. croacea by two distinct characteristics: the large number of vertebrae (28-29), and a relatively small bony ridge on the occipital region of the head.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.29 no.6 s.77
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• pp.637-648
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• 1999

Finishing is usually accomplished about four to seven months before the removal of orthodontic appliance in order to achieve ideal occlusion and excellent aesthetics. This process, called finishing, is the key to obtain excellent final results. Some of orthodontists believe it can be accomplished at the final stage of orthodontic treatment, and they complete it without their special rationale and criteria for finishing. However, it should be considered as a part of the total treatment plan from the beginning to end, and a guideline for finishing, which is based on rationale and criteria for the removal of orthodontic appliance, is needed to obtain the desired results. The guideline should include a checklist for finishing. This checklist is divided into four categories: occlusal, aesthetic, periodontal, and habitual factors. Occlusal fators include alignment, marginal ridge discrepancy, interproximal contact, anterior inclination, posterior inclination, over-jet over-bite, arch fen and functional occlusion. Aesthetic factors include gingival form, crown fen crown width, and crown length. Periodontal factors include root angulation, bone level, and black hole in periodontal factors. Habitual factors consist of mouth breathing, tongue position at rest, tongue thrust, lip biting, nail biting, and finger sucking

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.87 no.1
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• pp.27-39
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• 1998

The Mt. Cheongok is located at the northern part of Kyungsangpookdo from $37^{\circ}$ 00' 00" to $37^{\circ}$ 05' 00" latitude and from $128^{\circ}$ 55' 00" to $129^{\circ}$ 00' 00" longitude. The altitude of the summit is 1,276.5m. This study was carried out to classify forest communities by the methods of Z${\ddot{u}}$rich-Montepellier schools. And, it also might be useful for selection of plant species, forest conservation, and prompting vegetation succession. The forest vegetation in Mt. Cheongok was classified into 12 communities, 4 groups, and 4 subgroups. Rhododendron micranthum subgroup of Pinus densiflora for. erecta community and Fraxinus mandshurica community were not found in cool temperate forest, southern zone yet. According to the coincidence method, Pines densiflora for. erecta community was mainly distributed from altitude 450m to 1,100m and from upper slope to ridge, and Quercus mongolica community was dominanced in the range of over altitude 700m. Pinus densiflora for. erecta community, distributed in upper slope and ridge, is judged to be maintained in the future. But Pinus densiflora for. erecta community, distributed in below middle slope, is judged to be changed into deciduous hardwood forest.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.645-655
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• 2009

Deformations of the dam have been monitored by control points buried in the upper and lower dam of Samrangjin pumped storage power plant. The horizontal and vertical deformation observations performed in 1997, 2002, 2007 are to identity movements of the dam body by comparing and analyzing control points. For that reason, it was difficult to analyze movements of the dam in detail. Therefore, this research has observed surface of the dam using terrestrial laser scanner and estimate movements of the dam by comparing and analyzing scanned and designed surfaces of the dam since building completion. Vertical deformation of upper dam took place in the middle of ridge of dam, maximum cross section, up to 1.5m. In the middle and middle bottom of the downstream slope, vertical deformation was produced 0.75m around SP4-2 point and 0.5m around SP4-4 point. The maximum subsidence of vertical deformation in the lower dam took place in the middle of ridge of dam and upper part of upstream slope and subsidence was analyzed from -0.4 to -1.0m respectively. The result of this research can be used as initial observation to analyze whole movement of the dam in the future.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.292-298
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• 1997

To compare the growth pattern of ginseng plant under between conventional shading(light transmittance rate 3％) and polyethylene net shading(light transmittance rate 10％), the distribution of leaf area, specific leaf weight (S. L. W), leaf and stem dry weight and changes in light intensity were investigated in 2, 4 and 6 year old ginseng plant populations. Light transmittance rate(L.T.R.) was 3％ at front line, 2％ at middle line and 1.5％ at rear line under conventional shading but it was 12, 10 and 8％ under polyethylene net(P.E) shading, respectively. In 2 year old population, there was a little difference in the growth characteristics investigated between conventional and P.E. shading. In 4 year old field, the leaf area, stem and leaf dry weight decreased in large amount in the order of middle, and rear line on ridge under conventional shading, but with a little difference under P.E. shading. And these trends enlarged in 6 year old field with appearance of a large part of shoot over furrow from ridge planted ginseng. Root yield index was much lowered at the rear 3rd, 4th and 5th line of the conventional shading bed, but there was no yield difference among lines except 5th lines under the P.E. shading with higher yield by 28％ than conventional shading.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.489-498
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• 1993

The Okbang amphibolites occurring as sill-shaped bodies within the Precambrian Wonnam Group have been studied in terms of geochemical characteristics for their tectonomagmatic environments. The amphibolites fall in the ortho-amphibolite fields in Ni and Cr versus Cu diagrams. They belong to subalkaline and tholeiitic series in total alkali versus silica and ternary AFM diagrams, respectively. They show the compositional variation corresponding to the differentiation trend of tholeiitic suites. In discrimination diagrams using high-field-strength elements such as Ti, Zr, Nb and Y, the amphibolites show geochemical affinities to both of volcanic-arc tholeiites and normal (depleted) mid-oceanic ridge tholeiites. The REE patterns of the amphibolites are nearly flat and extremely similar to those of back-arc tholeiites. $(La/Yb)_{CN}$ ratios vary from 0.89 to 2.02 with an average value of 1.23. Such low light-REE abundances in the amphibolites suggest that they were derived from the upper mantle source depleted in these elements. In view of geochemical characteristics showing strong enrichments of incompatible elements such as K and Rb, distinctive negative Nb anomalies, depletions of light-REE observed also in normal (depleted) mid-oceanic ridge tholeiites, and unfractionated immobile elements such as Y and Yb, the tholeiitic magmas, from which the parent rocks of the amphibolites were formed, would be generated from a depleted upper mantle source and contaminated by continental crustal materials en route to surface. Tectonomagmatic environment for the amphibolites can be assumed to be continental back-arc basin.