• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.173-176
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• 1987

저자들은 경북 고령지방에서 발생한 tsutsugamushi 병 1예를 Weil-Felix test로 확진하였으며 Doxycycline으로 치료하여 그 경과를 보았기에 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다. 특히 환자의 거주지가 경북지역이고 최근 타지역을 여행한 경험이 없었다는 사실에 미루어 휴전선, 강원도, 경기도 지역뿐만 아니라 남부 지방에서도 tsutsugamushi 병이 발생가능하다는 사실을 본 증례를 통해서 확인할 수 있었다.

• 대한미생물학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.113-120
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• 1986

In Korea 8 tsutsugamushi disease patients were reported among the United Nations Forces personnel during 1951-54, but the disease was not known among the native Koreans. In Chinhae, patients with fever, chills, headache and rash were observed in every late autumn to early winter for many years, but etiologic diagnosis was not made. In 1985, there were 34 such patients. The authors were able to determine the disease as tsutsugamushi disease by observing the pathognomic eschar in 4 patients and demonstrating antibodies against Proteus OXK and Rickettsia tsutsugamushi antigens in 21 patients. The patients were mostly females of over 30 years of age. It was considered that most of them contracted the infection while doing farm works or picnic at the outskirts of Chinhae city and the adjacent areas. They were treated with chloramphenicol and no fatalities were observed.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제58권4호
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• pp.445-450
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• 2020

Trombiculid "chigger" mites (Acari) are ectoparasites that feed blood on rodents and another animals. A crosssectional survey was conducted in 7 ecosystems of southern Vietnam from 2015 to 2016. Chigger mites were identified with morphological characteristics and assayed by polymerase chain reaction for detection of rickettsiaceae. Overall chigger infestation among rodents was 23.38%. The chigger index among infested rodents was 19.37 and a mean abundance of 4.61. A total of 2,770 chigger mites were identified belonging to 6 species, 3 genera, and 1 family, and pooled into 141 pools (10-20 chiggers per pool). Two pools (1.4%) of the chiggers were positive for Orientia tsutsugamushi. Ricketsia spp. was not detected in any pools of chiggers. Further studies are needed including a larger number and diverse hosts, and environmental factors to assess scrub typhus.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.49-55
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• 1990

Zoonoses are those diseases and infections that are naturally transmitted between vertebrate animals and man. At present, approximately 175 diseases caused by virus, rickettsia, bacteria, protozoa and helminthes as well as some of arthropods and the number is continually increasing. Although zoonoses are generally recognized as significant health problems, the actual prevalence and incidence of zoonotic infections is difficult to determine. Medical services in a rural area are scarce and ill persons may have little chance to see a physician. Furthermore, a lack of physician awareness and of appropriate diagnostic support is made often misdiagnosis. In rural Korea, parasitic disease is still important subject in the field of zoonotic infections considering its number and morbidity. Recently there was conspicuous reduction of soil-transmitted parasitic diseases (i.e. ascariasis. hookworms, trichuriasis), but clonorchiasis. intestinal trematodiases and taeniasis are a considerable problem. This is often significantly related to human behavioral patterns based on socio-economic and cultural conditions and linked with the local biologic and physical environment. The most of all parasitic zoonoses to man and animals are the food-transmitted parasitic diseases, and domestic animals such as dog, cat, pig, as well as fat and some mammals, ruminants and birds are act as reservoir hosts. In the present topics, current problems of parasitic zoonoses caused by protozoan infections (i. e. toxoplasmosis, pneumocystosis and cryptosporidiosis) which are the most common opportunistic in AIDS or immunocompromised persons, trematode infections (i.e. clonorchiasis, paragonimiasis and some intestinal tremadodiases). cestode infections such as cysticercosis and sparganosis, and some nematode infections of anisakiasis, thelaziasis and strongyloidiasis, are discussed here those on the occurrence in man and animals and the source of transmission as well as prevention and control measures in Korea.

• 한국버섯학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.44-48
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 배양된 액체종균의 세균 오염 여부를 Giemsa 용액의 단일 염색으로 짧은 시간 안에 정확하게 판정이 가능한지를 조사하였다. Giemsa 용액은 혈액 골수 림프절 말라리아 원충 리케차 세포 등을 염색하는 것으로, 염기성 색소인 methylene azul과 methylene blue, 그리고 산성색소인 eosine을 methyl alcohol-glycerine에 녹여서 제조하였다. 그리고 팽이 액체종균의 폭기 배양액 분취하여 슬라이드에 올리고 Gimesa 용액으로 염색한 후 광학 현미경으로 검사하였다. 이 결과 40~60초 동안의 세균세포를 (팽나무)버섯(류) 균사세포의 부스러기나 잔존 대두박 등과 구별할 수 있었다. 이 Gimesa 용액을 이용한 염색 및 검경방법은 빠르고 간편하며 정확하므로 액체종균을 사용하는 버섯재배 농가에서도 세균 오염을 효과적으로 동정(감지)하는데 이용할 수 있다고 생각한다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제58권1호
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• pp.37-46
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• 2020

Livestock husbandry is vital to economy of the Tarim Basin, Xinjiang Autonomous Region, China. However, there have been few surveys of the distribution of ixodid ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) and tick-borne pathogens affecting domestic animals at these locations. In this study, 3,916 adult ixodid ticks infesting domestic animals were collected from 23 sampling sites during 2012-2016. Ticks were identified to species based on morphology, and the identification was confirmed based on mitochondrial 16S and 12S rRNA sequences. Ten tick species belonging to 4 genera were identified, including Rhipicephalus turanicus, Hyalomma anatolicum, Rh. bursa, H. asiaticum asiaticum, and Rh. sanguineus. DNA sequences of Rickettsia spp. (spotted fever group) and Anaplasma spp. were detected in these ticks. Phylogenetic analyses revealed possible existence of undescribed Babesia spp. and Borrelia spp. This study illustrates potential threat to domestic animals and humans from tick-borne pathogens.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.163-177
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• 2001

Most, if not all, aphids harbor intracellular bacterial symbionts, called Buchnera, in their bacteriocytes, huge cells differentiated for this purpose. The association between Buchnera and aphids is so intimate, mutualistic and obligate that neither of them can any longer reproduce independently. Buchnera are vertically transmitted through generations of the host insects. Evidence suggests that Buchnera were acquired by a common ancestor of aphids 160-280 million years ago, and have been diversified, since then, in parallel with their aphid hosts. Molecular phylogenetic analyses indicate that Buchnera belong to the g subdivision of the Proteobacteria. Although Buchnera are close relatives of Escherichia coli, they contain move than 100 genomic copies per cell, and their genome size is only one seventh that of E. coli. The complete genome sequence of Buchnera revealed that their gene repertoire is quite different from those of parasitic bacteria such as Mycoplasma, Rickettsia and Chlamydia, though their genome sizes have been reduced to a similar extent. Whereas these parasitic bacteria have lost most genes for the biosynthesis of amino acids, Buchnera retain many of them. In particular, Buchnera's gene repertoire is characteristic in the richness of the genes for the biosynthesis of essential amino acids that the eukaryotic hosts are not able to synthesize, reflecting a nutritional role played by these symbionts. Buchnera, when housed in the bacteriocyte, selectively synthesize a large amount of symbionin, which is a homolog of GroEL, the major stress protein of E. coli. Symbionin not only functions as molecular chaperone, like GroEL, but also has evolutionarily acquired the phosphotransferase activity through amino acid substitutions. Aphids usually profit from Buchnera's fuction as a nutritional supplier and, when faced with an emergency, consume the biomass of Buchnera cells as nutrient reserves.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.37.1-37.14
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• 2021

Background: Ticks are one of the most common external parasites in dogs, and are associated with the transmission of a number of major zoonoses, which result in serious harm to human health and even death. Also, the increasing number of pet dogs and pet owners in China has caused concern regarding human tick-borne illnesses. Accordingly, studies are needed to gain a complete understanding of the bacterial composition and diversity of the ticks that parasitize dogs. Objectives: To date, there have been relatively few reports on the analysis of the bacterial community structure and diversity in ticks that parasitize dogs. The objective of this study was to investigate the microbial composition and diversity of parasitic ticks of dogs, and assessed the effect of tick sex and geographical region on the bacterial composition in two tick genera collected from dogs in China. Methods: A total of 178 whole ticks were subjected to a 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) next generation sequencing analysis. The Illumina MiSeq platform targeting the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was used to characterize the bacterial communities of the collected ticks. Sequence analysis and taxonomic assignment were performed using QIIME 2 and the GreenGene database, respectively. After clustering the sequences into taxonomic units, the sequences were quality-filtered and rarefied. Results: After pooling 24 tick samples, we identified a total of 2,081 operational taxonomic units, which were assigned to 23 phyla and 328 genera, revealing a diverse bacterial community profile. The high, moderate and low prevalent taxa include 46, 101, and 182 genera, respectively. Among them, dominant taxa include environmental bacterial genera, such as Psychrobacter and Burkholderia. Additionally, some known tick-associated endosymbionts were also detected, including Coxiella, Rickettsia, and Ricketssiella. Also, the potentially pathogenic genera Staphylococcus and Pseudomonas were detected in the tick pools. Moreover, our preliminary study found that the differences in microbial communities are more dependent on the sampling location than tick sex in the tick specimens collected from dogs. Conclusions: The findings of this study support the need for future research on the microbial population present in ticks collected from dogs in China.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.341-348
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• 1992

1991년 8원부터 1992년 4월에 걸쳐, 쭈쭈가무시병 환자 다발생 지역의 하나인 제주도에서 털진드기류에 관한 연구를 실시하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. (1) 채집된 들쥐 155마리 중 등줄쥐 (Apedemus agrarirsschejuensis) 가 143마리 (92.3%)로 우점종이었고, 땃쥐 (Crocidura laciura) 11마리 (7.1%)와 멧밭쥐 (Micromys minutus) 1마리 (0.6%)였다. 이들 들쥐에 기생한 12,075개체의 털진드기를 동정한 결과 4속 9종이 확인되었다. 그 중, 사 계절을 통한 우점종은 L. zetum(43.3%)이었다. (2) 털진드기 개체군의 계절별 밀도를 비교하면 교. tetu변은 겨 울(46.2%)과 봄(42.9%)에 주로 출현하였고, L. orientale는 겨울(57.7%)에 피크를 보였다. L. scutellare는 가을에 96.0%로 집중적인 발생을 보였고, 가을에 출현하는 모든 털진드기의 79.8%를 차지하여 가을의 우점종으로 쭈쭈가무시병 환자 발생시기와 일치하였다. (3) 총 1,476 개체의 털진드기 유충을 해부하여 그 내용물을 간 접면역형광현미경법으로 관찰한 결과 1,142 개체의 L. scutellare 중 6 마리가 항원 양성으로 확인되어 (감염률 0.5%), 우리 나라에서는 처음으로 L. scutellare도 매 개종임이 밝혀졌다. (4) 채집된 139마리의 등줄쥐 가운데 44마리가 R. tsutsugamushi에 대한 함체 양성으로 나타나 양성률은 31.2%이었다. 사계절을 통한 양성률의 큰 차이는 보이지 않았다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제54권3호
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• pp.307-313
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• 2016

Serosurveillance for zoonotic diseases in small mammals and detection of chiggers, the vector of Orientia tsutsugamushi, were conducted from September 2014 to August 2015 in Gwangju Metropolitan Area. Apodemus agrarius was the most commonly collected small mammals (158; 91.8%), followed by Myodes regulus (8; 4.6%), and Crocidura lasiura (6; 3.5%). The highest seroprevalence of small mammals for O. tsutsugamushi (41; 26.3%) was followed by hantaviruses (24; 15.4%), Rickettsia spp. (22; 14.1%), and Leptospira (2; 1.3%). A total of 3,194 chiggers were collected from small mammals, and 1,236 of 3,194 chiggers were identified with 7 species of 3 genera: Leptotrombidium scutellare was the most commonly collected species (585; 47.3%), followed by L. orientale (422; 34.1%), Euchoengastia koreaensis (99; 8.0%), L. palpale (58; 4.7%), L. pallidum (36; 2.9%), Neotrombicula gardellai (28; 2.3%), and L. zetum (8; 0.6%). L. scutellare was the predominant species. Three of 1,236 chigger mites were positive for O. tsutsugamushi by PCR. As a result of phylogenetic analysis, the O. tsutsugamushi strain of chigger mites had sequence homology of 90.1-98.2% with Boryong. This study provides baseline data on the distribution of zoonotic diseases and potential vectors for the development of prevention strategies of vector borne diseases in Gwangju metropolitan area.