Parasites, Hosts and Diseases

The Korea Society for Parasitology and Tropical Medicine (대한기생충학·열대의학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Identification and Molecular Analysis of Ixodid Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) Infesting Domestic Animals and Tick-Borne Pathogens at the Tarim Basin of Southern Xinjiang, China

  • Zhao, Li (College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University) ;
  • Lv, Jizhou (Institute of Animal Quarantine, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine) ;
  • Li, Fei (College of Animal Science, Tarim University, Key Laboratory of Tarim Animal Husbandry Science and Technology of Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps) ;
  • Li, Kairui (College of Animal Science, Tarim University, Key Laboratory of Tarim Animal Husbandry Science and Technology of Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps) ;
  • He, Bo (College of Animal Science, Tarim University, Key Laboratory of Tarim Animal Husbandry Science and Technology of Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps) ;
  • Zhang, Luyao (College of Animal Science, Tarim University, Key Laboratory of Tarim Animal Husbandry Science and Technology of Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps) ;
  • Han, Xueqing (Institute of Animal Quarantine, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine) ;
  • Wang, Huiyu (Institute of Animal Quarantine, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine) ;
  • Johnson, Nicholas (Animal and Plant Health Agency, Woodham Lane) ;
  • Lin, Xiangmei (Institute of Animal Quarantine, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine) ;
  • Wu, Shaoqiang (Institute of Animal Quarantine, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine) ;
  • Liu, Yonghong (College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University)
  • Received : 2019.08.30
  • Accepted : 2019.11.06
  • Published : 2020.02.29
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Livestock husbandry is vital to economy of the Tarim Basin, Xinjiang Autonomous Region, China. However, there have been few surveys of the distribution of ixodid ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) and tick-borne pathogens affecting domestic animals at these locations. In this study, 3,916 adult ixodid ticks infesting domestic animals were collected from 23 sampling sites during 2012-2016. Ticks were identified to species based on morphology, and the identification was confirmed based on mitochondrial 16S and 12S rRNA sequences. Ten tick species belonging to 4 genera were identified, including Rhipicephalus turanicus, Hyalomma anatolicum, Rh. bursa, H. asiaticum asiaticum, and Rh. sanguineus. DNA sequences of Rickettsia spp. (spotted fever group) and Anaplasma spp. were detected in these ticks. Phylogenetic analyses revealed possible existence of undescribed Babesia spp. and Borrelia spp. This study illustrates potential threat to domestic animals and humans from tick-borne pathogens.

Keywords

References

  1. Mediannikov O, Fenollar F. Looking in ticks for human bacterial pathogens. Microb Pathog 2014; 77: 142-148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micpath.2014.09.008
  2. Dietrich M, Gomez-Diaz E, McCoy KD. Worldwide distribution and diversity of seabird ticks: implications for the ecology and epidemiology of tick-borne pathogens. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2011; 11: 453-470. https://doi.org/10.1089/vbz.2010.0009
  3. Yu Z, Wang H, Wang T, Sun W, Yang X, Liu J. Tick-borne pathogens and the vector potential of ticks in China. Parasit Vectors 2015; 8: 24. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-014-0628-x
  4. Wu XB, Na RH, Wei SS, Zhu SJ, Peng HJ. Distribution of tick-borne diseases in China. Parasit Vectors 2013; 6: 119. https://doi.org/10.1186/1756-3305-6-119
  5. Wang YZ, Mu LM, Zhang K, Yang MH, Zhang L, Du JY, Liu ZQ, Li YX, Lu WH, Chen CF, Wang Y, Chen RG, Xu J, Yuan L, Zhang WJ, Zuo WZ, Shao RF. A broad-range survey of ticks from livestock in Northern Xinjiang: changes in tick distribution and the isolation of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto. Parasit Vectors 2015; 8: 449. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-015-1021-0
  6. Chen Z, Yang X, Bu F, Yang X, Yang X, Liu J. Ticks (acari: ixodoidea: argasidae, ixodidae) of China. Exp Appl Acarol 2010; 51: 393-404. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10493-010-9335-2
  7. Lu HF, Wang S, Jia D, Wang LS, Liu S. The Late Cenozoic Basin/Mountain Coupling Mechanics of the Tarim Basin and the Tianshan Mountains. Geol J Chin Univ 2005; 4: 493-503 (in Chinese).
  8. Feng Q, Jin H, Su Z. Desert evolution and climatic changes in the Tarim River basin since 12 ka BP. Sci China Ser D-Earth Sci 1999; 42: 101-112. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02878858
  9. Pi H, Sharratt B, Lei J. Windblown sediment transport and loss in a desert-oasis ecotone in the Tarim Basin. Sci Rep 2017; 7: 7723. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-04971-4
  10. Wang M, Wei W, Ruan Z, He Q, Ge R. Application of wind-profiling radar data to the analysis of dust weather in the Taklimakan Desert. Environ Monit Assess 2013; 185: 4819-4834. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-012-2906-4
  11. Hao X, Li W, Deng H. The oasis effect and summer temperature rise in arid regions - case study in Tarim Basin. Sci Rep 2016; 6: 35418. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep35418
  12. Karim S, Budachetri K, Mukherjee N, Williams J, Kausar A, Hassan MJ, Adamson S, Dowd SE, Apanskevich D, Arijo A, Sindhu ZU, Kakar MA, Khan RMD, Ullah S, Sajid MS, Ali A, Iqbal Z. A study of ticks and tick-borne livestock pathogens in Pakistan. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017; 11: e0005681. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0005681
  13. Lv J, Wu S, Zhang Y, Chen Y, Feng C, Yuan X, Jia G, Deng J, Wang C, Wang Q, Mei L, Lin X. Assessment of four DNA fragments (COI, 16S rDNA, ITS2, 12S rDNA) for species identification of the Ixodida (Acari: Ixodida). Parasit Vectors 2014; 7: 93. https://doi.org/10.1186/1756-3305-7-93
  14. Kawahara M, Rikihisa Y, Lin Q, Isogai E, Tahara K, Itagaki A, Hiramitsu Y, Tajima T. Novel genetic variants of Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Anaplasma bovis, Anaplasma centrale, and a novel Ehrlichia sp. in wild deer and ticks on two major islands in Japan. Appl Environ Microbiol 2006; 72: 1102-1109. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.72.2.1102-1109.2006
  15. Lv J, Wu S, Zhang Y, Zhang T, Feng C, Jia G, Lin X. Development of a DNA barcoding system for the Ixodida (Acari: Ixodida). Mitochondrial Dna 2014; 25: 142. https://doi.org/10.3109/19401736.2013.792052
  16. de Marco M, Hernandez-Triana LM, Phipps LP, Hansford K, Mitchell ES, Cull B, Swainsbury CS, Fooks AR, Medlock JM, Johnson N. Emergence of Babesia canis in southern England. Parasit Vectors 2017; 10: 241. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-017-2178-5
  17. Park HS, Lee JH, Jeong EJ, Koh SE, Park TK, Jang WJ, Park KH, Kim BJ, Kook YH, Lee SH. Evaluation of groEL gene analysis for identification of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato. J Clin Microbiol 2004; 42: 1270-1273. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.42.3.1270-1273.2004
  18. de la Fuente J, Atkinson MW, Naranjo V, Fernandez de Mera IG, Mangold AJ, Keating KA, Kocan KM. Sequence analysis of the msp4 gene of Anaplasma ovis strains. Vet Microbiol 2007; 119: 375-381. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2006.09.011
  19. Burland TG. DNASTAR's Lasergene sequence analysis software. Methods Mol Biol 2000; 132: 71-91.
  20. Anstead CA, Chilton NB. A novel Rickettsia species detected in Vole Ticks (Ixodes angustus) from Western Canada. Appl Environ Microbiol 2013; 79: 7583-7589. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.02286-13
  21. Tamura K, Peterson D, Peterson N, Stecher G, Nei M, Kumar S. MEGA5: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis using maximum likelihood, evolutionary distance, and maximum parsimony methods. Mol Biol Evol 2011; 28: 2731-2739. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msr121
  22. Tian ZC, Liu GY, Shen H, Xie JR, Luo J, Tian MY. First report on the occurrence of Rickettsia slovaca and Rickettsia raoultii in Dermacentor silvarum in China. Parasit Vectors 2012; 5: 19. https://doi.org/10.1186/1756-3305-5-19
  23. Yang XJ, Chen Z, Liu JZ. The valid genus and species names of ticks (Acari: Ixodida: Argasidae, Ixodidae) in China. J Hebei Norm Univ (Nat Sci Ed) 2008; 32: 529-533.
  24. Teng K. Notes on some chinese ticks of the genus ixodes with descriptions of two new species (acarina: ixodidae). Acta Entomologica Sinica 1973; 16: 73-81.
  25. Li B. Community constitution and distribution of ticks in the Tarim Basin. Chin J Vector Biol Control 2006; 17: 390. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1003-4692.2006.05.015
  26. Estrada-Pena A, Jongejan F. Ticks feeding on humans: a review of records on human-biting Ixodoidea with special reference to pathogen transmission. Exp Appl Acarol 1999; 23: 685-715. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006241108739
  27. Aktas M. A survey of ixodid tick species and molecular identification of tick-borne pathogens. Vet Parasitol 2014; 200: 276-283. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2013.12.008
  28. Najm NA, Meyerkayser E, Hoffmann L, Herb I, Fensterer V, Pfister K, Silaghi C. A molecular survey of Babesia spp. and Theileria spp. in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) and their ticks from Thuringia, Germany. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2014; 5: 386-391. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ttbdis.2014.01.005
  29. Abdullah S, Helps C, Tasker S, Newbury H, Wall R. Ticks infesting domestic dogs in the UK: a large-scale surveillance programme. Parasit Vectors 2016;9: 391. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-016-1673-4
  30. Milhano N, de Carvalho IL, Alves AS, Arroube S, Soares J, Rodriguez P, Carolino M, Nuncio MS, Piesman J, de Sousa R. Coinfections of Rickettsia slovaca and Rickettsia helvetica with Borrelia lusitaniae in ticks collected in a Safari Park, Portugal. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2010; 1: 172-177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ttbdis.2010.09.003
  31. Guo L, Jiang S, Liu D, Wang S, Chen C, Wang Y. Emerging spotted fever group rickettsiae in ticks, northwestern China. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2016; 7: 1146-1150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ttbdis.2016.08.006
  32. Guo W, Tian J, Lin X, Ni X, Chen X, Liao Y, Yang S, Dumler J, Holmes E, Zhang Y. Extensive genetic diversity of Rickettsiales bacteria in multiple mosquito species. Sci Rep 2016; 6: 38770. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep38770
  33. Jinnai M, Kawabuchi-Kurata T, Tsuji M, Nakajima R, Fujisawa K, Nagata S, Koide H, Matoba Y, Asakawa M, Takahashi K, Ishihara C. Molecular evidence for the presence of new Babesia species in feral raccoons (Procyon lotor) in Hokkaido, Japan. Vet Parasitol 2009; 162: 241-247. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2009.03.016