• Title/Summary/Keyword: rice processing technology

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Trends in Carbohyarate Supply as Energy Sources (에너지 급원식품(給源食品)으로서의 탄수화물(炭水化物)의 공급(供給)추세)

  • Lee, Young-Nam
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.15 no.3
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    • pp.300-305
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    • 1986
  • The contributing ratio and type of carbohydrate supply as an energy source were investigated for the period from 1974 to 1984. The major component of energy in food groups was cereals, but the cereals and potatoes were decreased almost steadily. The share from sugars, meats, oils, milk and eggs has been doubled with per capita income increase. Vegetable foods were consisted of 90% of total energy supply. In 1984, approximate 70% of the energy supply of cereals was provided by rice. The type and composition of carbohydrate supply were influenced by per capita income and food processing technology. Less carbohydrate intake and the ratio of complex carbohydrates to refined sugar and simple sugars also decreased.

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Rapid diagnosis and control of sulfonylurea resistant Monochoria korsakowii (Sulfonylurea계 제초제 저항성 물옥잠의 조기진단과 방제)

  • Park, Tae-Seon;Moon, Byeong-Chul;Cho, Jeong-Rae;Kim, Chang-Suk;Kim, Moo-Sung;Kim, Kil-Ung
    • The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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    • v.8 no.1
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    • pp.63-70
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    • 2004
  • Sulfonylurea(SU)-resistant Monochoria korsakowii has resently been found in rice fields in Korea. A quick, practical and accurate test of confirming herbicide resistance is necessary to take timely management decision. This article describes a rapid reliable assay to detect SU-resistant biotype of Monochoria korsakowii. Up to now, the resistance to SU has been usually checked by application seedlings with herbicide. This application technique is time consuming and not practical. Therefore, we have developed efficient, rapid and practical diagnosis which allow easy detection of the SU-resistant Monochoria korsakowii by survival rate and regenerated plant length to herbicide application after cutting plants $0.5\sim1cm$ from the planted surface. This new rapid diagnosis can determine the SU resistance of the Monochoria korsakowii within 7 days at least. If the resistance of Monochoria korsakowii is identified by the rapid diagnosis, the selection of herbicide according to the stages of plants for the effective control is very important. The resistant biotype which treated with SU herbicide-based mixtures survived from the fields could effectively be controlled by soil application of butachlor+pyrazolate GR or by foliar application of the mixtures of bentazone SL and 2,4-D SL.

Implementation of Phenotype Trait Management System using OpenCV (OpenCV를 이용한 표현체 특성관리 시스템 구현)

  • Choi, Seung Ho;Park, Geon Ha;Yang, Oh Seok;Lee, Chang Woo;Kim, Young Uk;Lee, Eun Gyeong;Baek, Jeong Ho;Kim, Kyung Hwan;Lee, Hong Ro
    • Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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    • v.25 no.6
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    • pp.25-32
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    • 2020
  • The seed, the most basic component, is an important factor in increasing production and efficiency in agriculture. Seeds with superior genes can be expected to improve agricultural productivity, crop survival, and reproduction. Currently, however, screening of superior seeds depends mostly on manual work, which requires a lot of time and manpower. In this paper, we propose a system that can extract the characteristics of seed phenotypes by using computer image processing technology, so that even a small number of people and a short period of time are needed to extract the characteristics of seeds. The proposed system detects individual seeds from images containing large quantities of seeds, and extracts and stores various characteristics such as representative colors, area, perimeter and roundness for each individual seed. Due to the regularity of input images, the accuracy of individual seed extraction in the proposed system is 99.12% for soybean seeds and 99.76% for rice seeds. The extracted data will be used as basic data for various data analyses that reflect the opinions of experts in the future, and will be used as basic data to determine the expressive nature of each seed.

Processing Characteristics of the Condensed Wastewater Resulting from Food Waste Disposal using a Submerged Polyethylene Hollow Fiber Membrane (음식물 소멸기에서 발생하는 응축폐수의 Polyethylene 침지형 중공사막을 이용한 처리 특성)

  • Ryu, Jae-Sang;Jeon, Tae-Bong;Kim, Jin-Ho;Chung, Kun-Yong
    • Membrane Journal
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    • v.20 no.2
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    • pp.127-134
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    • 2010
  • This study is conducted about the system that reduces organism after fermenting food waste from a food waste disposal equipment, divides gas made when food waste is fermented into gas and water, and then sends gas to a reactor again, condenses water, and apply it to the MBR system with submerged MF hollow fiber membranes. A submerged MF hollow fiber membrane module was installed to a food waste disposal equipment and a water treatment system made by Bio Hitech Co,. Ltd. to process food waste generated from a staff cafeteria in a H institute for 90 days. For initial seeding of a food waste disposal equipment, 305 kg of rice bran, chaff, and sawdust as well as 1,648 kg of food were input during the operation, and 1,600 L of condensed wastewater occurred. Fermented by-product after finishing running a food waste disposal equipment was 386 kg and its reduction was shown to be 80%. The organism was processed by applying submerged MF hollow fiber membrane module to the MBR system of condensed wastewater, and the result shows reduction rates were BOD 99.9%, COD 97.5%, SS 98.6%, T-N 54.6% and T-P 34.7% and the total colon bacillus was perfectly eliminated.

Low-Temperature Microencapsulation of Sesame Oil Using Fluidized Bed Granulation (Fluidized bed granulation을 이용한 참기름의 저온 미세캡슐화)

  • Jeong, Chan-Min;Lee, Min-Kyung;Lee, Hyun-Ah;Park, Ji-Yong
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.41 no.1
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    • pp.27-31
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    • 2009
  • Top spray-drying method is frequently utilized for flavor encapsulation, but the top spray-dried products frequently suffer from high losses of volatile flavor as the result of a high processing temperature (150-$300^{\circ}C$). In an effort to solve these problems, a low-temperature fluidized-bed granulating method was utilized to encapsulate the flavor. For the encapsulation of sesame oil, oil-in-water emulsions of sesame oil and a mixture of maltodextrin, modified starch, gum arabic, and gellan gum were bottom-sprayed at milder temperatures (70-$100^{\circ}C$) using a fluidized-bed granulator. Sesame oil extracts from microcapsules were obtained via a simultaneous distillation/extraction technique, and the retention of volatile flavor compounds was analyzed via a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The retention of volatile flavors of sesame oil per se, spray-dried and fluidized-bed granulated microcapsules after 3-day-storage at $37^{\circ}C$ were 0.8%, 37.2%, and 42.0%, respectively. In addition, the low-temperature fluidized-bed granulation showed higher encapsulation yield and sensory preferences for the application of commercial products (beef rice porridge), as compared to spray drying.

Studies on the Utilization of Naked Barley Flour (I) (맥분(麥粉)의 이용(利用)에 관한 연구(硏究) (I))

  • Kim, Hyong-Soo;Lee, Ki-Yull;Choi, E-Soon
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.4 no.2
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    • pp.77-83
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    • 1972
  • In order to study the processing adaptability of naked barley, SEDOHADAKA variety produced in Cheolanam-do(1971) was milled after polishing and examined with respect to its proximate principles, amino acid composition, viscosity, raising power, and amylose content, alkali number, blue value and X-ray diffraction pattern of its starch. The results are summarized as fllows: 1) Crude fiber content of naked barley which was milled at 81.6% (A), 79.2% (B) and 74.1% (C) was $2.48{\sim}2.36%$, indicating higher level than wheat flour. 2) Whereas the initial gelatinization temperature of naked barley flour was similar to that of wheat flour, the value of naked barley starch was $89.5^{\circ}C$, higher than that of wheat starch, Amylose content of naked barley starch was 28.5%, similar to wheat starch. 3) Raising power of naked barley starch was generally lower than that common cereal starches. 4) According to the X-ray diffraction pattern diagram, the degree of crystallization was lower in naked barley starch than in non-glutinous rice starch.

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Manufacture of Pear Marc Nuruk by Aspergillus oryzae and Characteristics of Makgeolli Fermentation (Aspergillus oryzae를 이용한 배 착즙박 누룩의 제조 및 막걸리 발효특성)

  • Shin, Ja-Won;Kim, Young-Hun;Kim, Jae-Ho;Na, Kwang-Chul;Lee, Jong-Soo
    • The Korean Journal of Mycology
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    • v.41 no.4
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    • pp.255-260
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    • 2013
  • In order to develop new valuable pear marc nuruk and further, reduce environmental pollution by pear marc from pear juice processing, we prepared pear marc nuruk by incubation of Aspergillus oryzae into pear marc containing 50% of moisture at $30^{\circ}C$ for 7 days. ${\alpha}$-Amylase and glucoamylase activities of the pear marc nuruk were 320.2 IU and 442.8 IU, respectively and its acidic protease activity was showed 142.6 IU. After brewed makgeolli by using the pear marc nuruk, cooked rice and Saccharmyces cerevisiae, its physicochemical characteristics was investigated. Ethanol content of pear marc nuruk-makgeolli was 6.8% after fermentation at $25^{\circ}C$ for 10 days and also pear marc makgeolli showed 45.6% of antihypertensive angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity. In conclusion, pear marc nuruk had high amylase activity and pear marc-makgeolli had also good fermentation characteristics and antihypertensive ACE inhibitory activity. Therefore, it has the potential to become a new nuruk for brewing makgeolli.

A Study on the Application of Gastrodiae rhizoma for Food Stuffs - Effects of Gastrodiae rhizoma on the Regional Cerebral Blood Flow and Blood Pressure - (천마의 식품학적 활용을 위한 기초 연구 - 포제천마 열수 추출물이 국소 뇌혈류량과 혈압에 미치는 영향 -)

  • Park, Sung-Hye;Cho, Choa-Hyoung;Ahn, Byung-Yong
    • Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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    • v.17 no.4
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    • pp.554-562
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    • 2007
  • This study was performed to provide basic data for predicting the usefulness of Gastrodiae rhizoma as a materials for functional foods. Changes in regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF) and blood pressure(BP) were measured in rats, following the intravenous injection of processed Gastrodiae rhizoma water extract. In its processing, we used rice water, Sderotium Poriae Cocos and Radix Ligustici Chuanxiaong. The rCBF and BP measurements were continually monitored by a laser-doppler flowmeter and a pressure transducer in the anesthetized adult Sprague-Dawley rats for approximately about two to two and a half hours, through a data acquisition system composed of a MacLab and Macintosh computer. The results of the experiment are as follows: the processed Gastrodiae rhizoma significantly increased changes in rCBF in the rats. The rCBF with processed Gastrodiae rhizoma did not change by pretreatment with propranolol, atropin, methylene blue, and indomethacin. But the rCBF of the processed Gastrodiae rhizoma was increased by pretreatment with L-NNA. The processed Gastrodiae rhizoma significantly decreased the changes in BP. However, BP with the processed Gastrodiae rhizoma did not change by pretreatment with propranolol, atropin, methylene blue and indomethacin. On the other hand, BP decreased with the processed Gastrodiae rhizoma pretreatment with L-NNA. These results indicate that processed Gastrodiae rhizoma might increase the rCBF and the BP which are related to nitric oxide synthesis. Also these results indicate that the used of processed Gastrodiae rhizoma in safe, as well as clinically applicable in diet therapy for cerebral related disease and hypertension.

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A study on the improvement of distribution system by overseas agricultural investment (해외농업투자에 따른 유통체계 개선방안에 관한 연구)

  • Sun, Il-Suck;Lee, Dong-Ok
    • Journal of Distribution Science
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    • v.8 no.3
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    • pp.17-26
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    • 2010
  • Recently concerns have been raised due to the unbalanced supply of crops: the price of crops has been unstable and at one point the price went up so high that the word Agflation(agriculture+ inflation) was coined. Korea, in particular, is a small-sized country and needs to secure the stable supply of crops by investing in the produce importation at a national level. Investment in foreign produce importation is becoming more important as a measure for sufficient supply of crops, limited supply of domestic crops, weakened farming conditions worldwide, as well as recent changes in the use of crops due to the development of bio-fuels, influence of carbon emission on crops, the price increase in crops, and influx of foreign hot money. However, there are many problems with investing in foreign produce importation: lack of support from the government; lack of farming information and technology; difficulty in securing the capital; no immediate pay-off from the investment and insufficient management. Although foreign produce is originally more price-competitive than domestic produce, it loses its competiveness in the process of importation (due to high tariffs) and poor distribution system, which makes it difficult to sell in Korea. Therefore, investment in foreign produce importation is being questioned for feasibility; to make it possible, foreign produce must maintain the price-competitiveness. Especially, harvest of agricultural products depends on natural and geographical conditions of each country and those products have indigenous properties, so distribution system according to import and export of agricultural products should be treated more carefully than that of other industries. Distribution costs are differentiated into each item and include cost of sorting and wrapping, cost of wrapping materials, cost of domestic transport, cost of international transport and cost of clearing customs for import and export. So transporting and storing agricultural products generates considerable costs compared with other products. Also, due to upgrade of dietary life, needs for stability, taste and visible quality toward food including agricultural products are being raised and wrong way of storage causes decomposition of food and loss of freshness, making the storage more difficult than that in room temperature, so storage and transport in distribution of agricultural products needs specialty. In addition, because lack of specialty in distribution and circulation such as storage and wrapping does not solve limit factors in distance, the distribution and circulation has been limited to a form of import and export within short-distant region. Therefore, need for distribution out-sourcing which can satisfy specialty in managing distribution and circulation and it is needed to establish more effective distribution system. However, existing distribution system of agricultural products is exposed to various problems including problems in distribution channel, making distribution and strategy for distribution and those problems are as follows. First, in case of investment in overseas agricultural industry, stable supply of the products is difficult because areas of production are dispersed widely and influenced by outer factors due to including overseas distribution channels. Also, at the aspect of quality, standardization of products is difficult, distribution system is quite complicated and unreasonable due to long distribution channels according to international trade and financial and institutional support is not enough. Especially, there are quite a lot of ineffective factors including multi level distribution process, dramatic gap between production cost and customer's cost, lack of physical distribution facilities and difficulties in storage and transport due to lack of wrapping containers. Besides, because import and export of agricultural products has been manages under the company's own distribution according to transaction contract between manufacturers and exporting company, efficiency is low due to excessive investment in fixed costs and lack of specialty in dealing with agricultural products causes fall of value of products, showing the limit to lose price-competitiveness. Especially, because lack of specialty in distribution and circulation such as storage and wrapping does not solve limit factors in distance, the distribution and circulation has been limited to a form of import and export within short-distant region. Therefore, need for distribution out-sourcing which can satisfy specialty in managing distribution and circulation and it is needed to establish more effective distribution system. Second, among tangible and intangible services which promote the efficiency of the whole distribution, a function building distribution environment which includes distribution information, system for standard and inspection, distribution finance, system for diversification of risks, education and training, distribution administration and tax system is wanted. In general, such a function building distribution environment is difficult to be changed and supplement innovatively because its effect compared with investment does not appear immediately despite of its necessity. Especially, in case of distribution of agricultural products, as a function of collecting and distributing is performed individually through various channels, the importance of distribution information and standardization is getting more focus due to the problem of repetition of work and lack of specialty. Also, efficient management of distribution is quite difficult due to lack of professionals in distribution, so support to professional education is needed. Third, though effort to keep self-sufficiency ratio of staple food, rice is regarded as important at the government level, level of dependency on overseas of others crops is high. Therefore, plan for stable securing food resources aside from staple food is also necessary. Especially, governmental organizations of agricultural products distribution in Korea are production-centered and have unreasonable structure whose function at the aspect of distribution and consumption is quite insufficient. And development of new distribution channels which can deal with changes in distribution environment and they do not achieve actual results of strategy for distribution due to non-positive strategy for price distribution. That is, it implies the possibility that base for supply will become vulnerable because it does not mediate appropriate interests on total distribution channels such as manufacturers, wholesale dealers and vendors by emphasizing consumer protection excessively in the distribution of agricultural products. Therefore, this study examined fundamental concept and actual situation for our investment to overseas agriculture, drew necessities, considerations, problems, etc. of overseas agricultural investment and suggested improvements at the level of distribution for price competitiveness of agricultural products cultivated in overseas under five aspects; government's indirect support, distribution's modernization and distribution information function's strengthening, government's political support for distribution facility, transportation route, load and unloading works' improvement, price competitiveness' securing, professional manpower's cultivation by education and training, etc. Here are some suggestions for foreign produce importation. First, the government should conduct a survey on the current distribution channels and analyze the situation to establish a measure for long-term development plans. By providing each agricultural area with a guideline for planning appropriate production of crops, the government can help farmers be ready for importation, and prevent them from producing same crops all at the same time. Government can sign an MOU with the foreign government and promote the importation so that the development of agricultural resources can be stable and steady. Second, the government can establish a strategy for an effective distribution system by providing farmers and agriculture-related workers with the distribution information such as price, production, demand, market structure and location, feature of each crop, and etc. In order for such distribution system to become feasible, the government needs to reconstruct the current distribution system, designate a public organization for providing distribution information and set the criteria for level of produce quality, trade units, and package units. Third, the government should provide financial support and a policy to seek an efficient distribution channel for foreign produce to be delivered fresh: the government should expand distribution facilities (for selecting, packaging, storing, and processing) and transportation vehicles while modernizing old facilities. There should be another policy to improve the efficiency of unloading, and to lower the cost of distribution. Fourth, it is necessary to enact a new law covering exceptional cases for importing produce in order to maintain the price competitiveness; currently the high tariffs is keeping the imported produce from being distributed domestically. However, the new adjustment should be made carefully within the WTO regulations since it can create a problem from giving preferential tariffs. The government can also simplify the distribution channels in order to reduce the cost in the distribution process. Fifth, the government should educate distributors to raise the efficiency and to modernize the distribution system. It is necessary to develop human resources by educating people regarding the foreign agricultural environment, the produce quality, management skills, and by introducing some successful cases in advanced countries.

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