• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.66-71
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• 2008

A total of 284 milled rice (MR) marketed in Korea were analyzed for grading characteristics (head rice, broken kernels, chalky kernels, and damaged kernels%), color characteristics (L-, a-, b-values, and whiteness), protein content (%), and the cooked rice (CR) sensory quality to investigate the key characteristics affecting the overall sensory quality of rice marketed in Korea. Relatively high correlation with the overall sensory quality of the CR was found in color characteristics such b-value of the CR (r=-0.779) and MR (r=-0.545), the a-value of the CR (r=0.513), and the whiteness (r=0.298) of the MR, compared to protein (r=-0.150), and the moisture (r=0.158) contents of the MR and the percentage of head rice (r=0.195). Partial least squares (PLS) regression of the CR b-value with various characteristics of the MR showed that CR b-value was increased with MR b-value effectively, followed by protein content, damaged kernels, chalky kernels, and colored kernels of MR while it was decreased with whiteness and moisture content for the MR.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.336-344
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• 2017

The physical characteristics of gluten-free rice bread, commercial rice as well as wheat bread marketed in Korea were delineated, a sensory descriptive analysis performed, and a consumer acceptability study conducted. Both the specific gravity and color of gluten-free rice bread were higher than those of commercial rice and wheat bread. The sensory descriptive analysis revealed that the adhesiveness, fracturability, fermentation odor, and the powdery mouthfeel of gluten-free rice bread were higher than those of commercial rice and wheat bread. In contrast, the sweet odor, sweetness, egg taste, butter taste, and milk taste of gluten-free rice bread were lower than those of commercial rice and wheat bread. The consumer acceptability results revealed differences regarding odor, appearance, taste, texture, and overall acceptance between a blind test and an informed test of gluten-free rice bread, commercial rice, and wheat bread. The consumer acceptability findings were associated with those of the sensory descriptive analysis. In overall, the results indicated that the quality of gluten-free rice bread can be improved by controlling the decrease of adhesiveness, fracturability, and powdery mouthfeel.

• 식품기술
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.125-131
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• 2013

즉석 쌀국수는 쌀 함량을 10~30% 첨가하는 수준으로 출발하여 최근에는 쌀 함량 100% 생면 및 인디카 품종을 활용한 베트남 쌀국수 타입으로 점차 쌀 함량이 높아지고 있으나, 쌀 고유의 특성으로 면의 가공적성이 어려우며, 조리 시 전분 용출량이 많은 단점이 있다. 따라서 현재 국내 시판 쌀국수 5종을 구입하여 쌀 함량별로 분류하여 품질특성과 관능특성을 비교하여 즉석 쌀국수의 품질특성을 알아봄으로써 즉석 쌀국수 개발 연구에 기초 자료를 제공하고자 하였다. 품질특성 결과 감자전분, 찰옥수수전분을 첨가한 제품의 경우 수분흡수지수가 높게 나타났으며, 조직감 측정결과 밀가루가 첨가된 처리구가 밀가루 무첨가 처리구에 비해 높은 값을 나타내어 전분 및 밀가루 첨가에 따라 경도, 응집성 및 검성이 증가하였으며, 관능특성 결과 국내쌀을 사용한 처리구가 수입쌀을 사용한 처리구보다 높게 나타내어 국내쌀로 만든 쌀국수를 더 선호하는 경향이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 향후 쌀국수 제품 개발 적용 시 쌀가루 용도별 제분기술의 발달 및 감자전분, 찰옥수수전분, 타피오카전분 등의 전분류를 첨가하여 쌀국수 개발기술을 확보하면 품질이 우수하고 다양한 형태의 즉석 쌀국수 제품개발이 기대된다.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2002년도 심포지엄
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• pp.43-46
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• 2002

The first record of buckwheat in Korea was revealed from an old Korean book, "Hyangyakguguebbang(鄕藥救急方)" written in the era of king 'Gojong' who governed the country from AD 1236 to 1251 in the Korea dynasty. Buckwheat in Korea has been known to be introduced from China in 5th -6th century. One of the most famous buckwheat noodles, 'Naengmyeon' had been used popularly among the people in the Korea dynasty. It is true that buckwheat had been cooked and sold in temples during the Korea dynasty, and was regarded it as one of the temple foods at that time. Buckwheat has been cultivated as an alternative crop and buckwheat grains have been used as a hardy plant when the food situation for people was lacking in Korea. Buckwheat was an important crop in a slash-and-burn field(shifting cultivation) of the mountainous area in Kangwon province. A written history of the shifting cultivation in Korea was found in an old book "Taekriji" which was written by Lee, Jung-Hwan in the Chosun dynasty. The area and number of households of shifting cultivation in Korea was 40,000 ha and 135,000 household, respectively in 1973. Fifty to sixty kilogram of buckwheat grains per la was harvested at an altitude of 600 - 800m. Folk songs which have been sung among the people in shifting areas include buckwheat meal. One of the folk songs for buckwheat is as follows; "they do not eat rice with or without waxy property but eat buckwheat mixture." Since 1974, shifting cultivation has been legally prohibited to allow revegetation of destroyed mountains and rehabilitation of woodlands in Korea. Buckwheat has been traditionally marketed as noodle or flour for the manufacture of noodles, and also as groats for food in Korea. Consumption in markets has increased over the past several years. Buckwheat grains are mainly consumed in the form of noodles in Korea. However, many people have recently pursued a desire to make food products of high quality in processing buckwheat materials for health reasons.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.321-331
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• 2019

BACKGROUND: Pinoxaden is the phenylpyrazoline herbicide developed by Syngenta Crop Protection, Inc. and marketed on 2006. The maximum residue levels for wheat and barley were set by import tolerance. Thus, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS) official analytical method determining Pinoxaden residue was necessary in various food matrixes. Satisfaction of international guideline of CODEX (Codex Alimentarius Commission CAC/GL 40) and National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation-MFDS (2017) are additional pre-requirements for analytical method. In this study, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was investigated to analyze residue of Pinoxaden (M4), which is defined as pesticide residue in Korea, in foods. METHODS AND RESULTS: Pinoxaden (M4) was extracted followed by acid digestion (2hr reflux with 1N HCl) and pH adjusting (pH 4-5 with 3% ammonium solution). To remove oil, additional clean-up step with hexane saturated with acetonitrile was required to high oil contained sample before purification. HLB cartridge and nylon syringe filter were used for purification. Then, samples were analyzed by LC-MS/MS using reserve phase column C₁₈. Five agricultural group representative commodities (mandarin, potato, soybean, hulled rice, and red pepper) were used to verify the method in this study. The liner matrix-matched calibration curves were confirmed with coefficient of determination (r²) > 0.99 at calibration range 0.002-0.2 mg/kg. The limits of detection and quantitation were 0.004 and 0.01 mg/kg, respectively, which were suitable to apply Positive List System (PLS). Mean average accuracies of pinoxaden (M4) were shown to be 74.0-105.7%. The precision of pinoxaden and its metabolites were also shown less than 14.5% for all five samples. CONCLUSION: The method investigated in this study was suitable to CODEX (CAC/GL 40) and National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation-MFDS (2017) guideline for residue analysis. Thus, this method can be useful for determining the residue in various food matrixes in routine analysis.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.119-128
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• 2017

본 연구는 최근 식생활 개선과 더불어 건강식의 원료로 수요가 크게 증가하고 있는 국내 유통 잡곡류에 대한 비소의 농도 수준을 확인하고, 비소를 구성하고 있는 화학종들을 분리 및 정량하여 섭취량에 따른 위해 수준을 확인하고자 하였다. 잡곡 12품목 188점을 현지 수거 후 분석에 활용하였는데, 총비소 분석은 일정량의 시료에 질산과 microwave를 이용하여 전처리한 후 ICP-MS를 이용하여 분석을 하였다. 비소 화학종 분리 및 정량을 위하여 HPLC로 화학종을 선택적으로 분리하고 검출기 역할을 하는 ICP-MS를 결합한 형태인 HPLC-ICP-MS를 이용하여 비소 화학종을 분리 분석하였다. 추출 용매로는 증류수, 말론산, 질산을 이용하여 추출 효율을 비교한 결과 1% 질산이 비소 화학종 모두에서 양호한 추출효율을 보여 최종적으로 1%질산을 추출용매로 선택하였고, 비소 화학종이 적절한 pH에서 전하를 띄는 특성을 고려하여 이동상으로는 ammonium carbonate, ammonium phosphate를 gradient 조건으로 분석하였다. 분석법 검증을 위하여 검출한계, 정량한계, 직선성 및 회수율 모두 AOAC에서 권장하는 기준을 만족하여 총비소 및 비소 화학종 분리 분석 결과에 대한 신뢰성을 확인하였다. 품목별 총비소 평균 농도는 찹쌀 $0.267{\pm}0.090mg/kg$, 검정현미 $0.241{\pm}0.137mg/kg$, 혼합곡 $0.183{\pm}0.045mg/kg$의 순으로 나타났고 무기비소 평균 농도는 찹쌀$0.149{\pm}0.056mg/kg$, 검정현미 $0.136{\pm}0.075mg/kg$, 혼합곡 $0.110{\pm}0.035mg/kg$의 순으로 총비소 결과값과 동일한 순서를 보였다. 총비소와 무기비소 농도의 상관 분석결과 총비소 농도가 높으면 무기비소 농도 또한 높은 농도를 보여 강한 양의 상관관계가 있음을 확인하였다. 위해 평가는 국민건강영양조사 자료(2012)를 근거로 잡곡에 대한 무기비소 위해 정도를 평가하였는데 품목별 무기비소 노출량은 혼합곡에서 $19.91{\mu}g/day$로 가장 높은 노출량을 보였고, 찹쌀 $1.07{\mu}g/day$, 검정현미 $0.77{\mu}g/day$, 보리 $0.13{\mu}g/day$, 콩 $0.11{\mu}g/day$ 순으로 나타났다. 품목별로는 혼합곡이 PTWI 대비 16.89%로 가장 높은 수준을 보였고, 찹쌀 0.91%, 검정현미 0.65%, 보리 0.11%, 콩 0.09%의 순으로 나타났다. 노출량에 따른 위해 수준은 잡곡 12품목 모두 일시에 섭취한다고 가정할 경우 PTWI 대비 18.69% 수준으로, 잡곡류에 대한 무기비소의 인체 노출 및 위해수준은 안전한 것으로 평가되었다.