• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.75-80
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• 1998

Organically cultured rice fields were surveyed to compare the population density and the structure of microarthropod communities between chemically controlled and un-controlled fields. In rice fields, microarthropod communities were also compared among four treatments based on different input of fertilzer : 1)No fertilizer, 2)Chemical fertilizer(N-P2O5-K2O = 11 - 7 - 8 kg/10a, 3) Compost (5,000kg/10a), 4) Compost com-plemented with chemical N. Richness index of microarthropod communities in rice fields was greater in the chemically uncontrolled field than controlled field. Within field. the compost plot had greater value of richness index for microarthopod commuities than the non-fertilizer polt. A total of 9 aquatic insects species were identified in the water of organic farming rice field the population density was found to be higher in the compost plot than the other plot. The population of insect pests was found to be high in the late stage of plant whereas the population of insects was high in the early stage of rice plant.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.135-148
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• 2002

In recent years, domestic market environment of rice production is confronted with the problems of excessive production and decrease in per capita consumption, resulting in steady decline of domestic rice price. Moreover, as new trade negotiations of WTO or FTA are being forwarded, cheap price of imported rice will also make the rice production environment being worse off. One of the possible production strategies to relieve this situation could be expanding farm size, which increases market competitiveness in terms of cost-saving. Since 1990's, one of the main agricultural policies for rice production in Korea has been expanding farm size. This study aims at 1)exploring brief history of Korean government's agricultural policy for expanding farm size, 2)examining economic effect of farming size expansion, and 3)discussing major role of government to promote appropriate programs for rice-farming and producers. Main conclusion suggests that appropriate farming size should be expanded upto at least five hectares per farm, with producers' effort to reduce farming costs and continuous investments on agricultural infrastructures including irrigation systems, etc. Continuous government's investment on operation and maintenance on water facility is also one of the important factors in expanding farm size.

• 한국유기농업학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국유기농학회 2009년도 하반기 학술대회
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• pp.284-284
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• 2009

EFA production systems have through necessity resulted in the development of innovative practices for weed, pest and diseases control, for example, using ducks and snails for weed control in paddy fields. These practices began to be introduced in the early 1990's and the techniques have become more popular and have been adapted to suit regional conditions. In this study, the production practices, productivity and economic performances of organic and non-chemical rice farming adopting ducks and snails for weed control were compared. In the production practices, Korean organic and non-chemical farming seem to have several concerns in terms of sustainability. It comprises lack of resistant variety use and rotational cropping system as well as high dependency upon external inputs such as organic fertilizer and farming materials for pest control. The production level of organic farming is approximately similar level but 20% higher income than non-chemical farming, while, when it was compared with conventional farming organic farming showed 20% lower productivity but 20% higher income. Organic farming shows 15% to 18% higher profits than non-chemical farming as the snail-using organic farming tends to have higher income and lower input costs than duck-using organic farming. This may encourage more farmers to convert to organic production using these techniques than simply non-chemical farming in the future. This organic conversion could be more promoted by policy intervention. However, it may result in increased supply and therefore decreased prices for organic rice in the long term unless further market demand occurs. Balanced policy measures considering production as well as marketing and consumption are urgently required for the sustainable development of organic farming.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.8-13
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• 2007

Cooked rice is a staple food for Koreans which provides more than 60% of daily required energy. In 1960's, Koreans ate 600 g-800 g of cooked rice per meal and the energy obtained from cooked rice was almost more than 80% of the daily intake of energy. However, as the economy of Korea improved, the major industry has been shifted from agriculture to various manufacturing industries and the export of those products has been increased thus increasing the national income but decreasing the farming population and thus rice consumption have been decreased. It has been said that the decreased rice consumption is caused solely by decreased farming population but it can also be said that the decreased farming population is caused by decreased rice consumption. As the national income increases, the type of foods people consume have become diversified. Various processed foods such as convenience food or ready-to-eat food have been widespread, which are mostly made of wheat flour rather than rice.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.319-323
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• 1998

유기자연농업 활용자재의 특성 및 효과를 검토하기 위하여 화학비료를 계분발효퇴비로 대체하고 농약대신 아미노산액, 미네랄, 현미식초 및 왕우렁이를 사용하여 수도에 대한 유기농자재 효과 검정을 수행하였는 바 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 이앙후 35일 조사시 벼의 생육은 유기농법>절충농법>관행>대조구 순으로 좋은 경향을 보였으나 이앙후 65일 조사시에는 유기농법구에서 경수 및 초장이 다른 농법에 비해 약간 떨어지는 경향이었다. 수량은 관행에 비해 유기농법은 7%, 절충농법은 4% 감소를 보였다. 왕우렁이에 의해 잡초방제 효과는 왕우렁이 5kg/10a 방사와 10kg/10a 방사간에 차이없이 이앙 직후 방사시는 96%, 이앙후 7일째 방사시는 98%, 이앙후 15일째방사시는 70% 정도의 방제율을 나타냈다. 수량은 일반관행 제초에 비해 10a당 5kg의 왕우렁이를 이앙후 7일 후에 방사시 2%감소, 이앙후 15일에 방사시는 5%의 감소가 있었다. 이상의 결과로 볼 때 일반관행에 비해 약간의 수량 감소는 있으나 환경친화형 농업을 위한 대안이라면 유기농법이나 절충농법의 가능성이 있고, 잡초방제를 위한 왕우렁이의 이용 가능성이 있다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제42권Spc호
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• pp.57-61
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• 2009

우리나라에서 가축 사육밀도가 가장 높고 오리농법을 가장 대규모로 실시하고 있는 충남 홍성군 홍동면, 장곡면의 흥동저수지 유역을 사례지역으로 선정하여 오리농법에 의한 벼 재배가 지역 환경과 주변 수질에 미치는 영향을 밝히고 이를 바탕으로 친환경농업의 달성을 위한 올바른 발전방안을 제시코자 오리농법에 의한 벼 재배가 토양 환경과 주변 수질에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 오리농법 실시 논의 토양화학성은 벼농사를 위한 적정범위 안에 있었지만 일반농법 실시 논보다 유기물 함량과 유효인산 함량이 높아 오리농법 실시 논의 양분투입량이 상대적으로 많은 것으로 추정되어 지속농업의 달성을 위해서는 적정량의 퇴비나 유기질비료의 시용이 요구됨을 알 수 있었다. 조사지역 하천수의 수질은 T-N, T-P, COD 값들이 높아 상당히 인근의 하천들이 오염되었음을 나타내고 있으며, T-N, T-P, COD 등으로 평가한 수질의 오염도가 논으로부터 비료성분의 유출 가능성과 일치한 결과로 볼 때 이 지역의 하천수가 벼재배에 의해 배출되는 오염물질의 영향을 일정부분 받고 있는 것으로 평가될 수 있었다. 오리농법 실시 논의 표면수 수질은 일반농법 실시 논보다 EC는 135.7%, COD는 220.1%, T-N는 172.0%, T-P는 227.9%가 높았으며 특히, COD와 T-P는 2배 이상이 높았으며 오리의 활동에 의해 발생하는 물의 탁도와 유의성 있는 상관관계를 보여 오리농법에 의한 벼 재배는 일반농법에 의한 벼 재배 방법보다 논물유출에 의한 잠재 수질오염 가능성이 큰 것으로 평가되었다. 따라서 오리농법 실시 논은 논물 유출에 의한 주변 수질오염 방지를 위해 더욱 철저한 물꼬관리가 필요한 것으로 판단되었다.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.19-26
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• 2002

Despite the unfamiliar term "multifunctionality of agriculture" and the tremendous number of debates made over the past 10 years, multiple benefits from paddy rice farming in the Asian monsoon region are very significance due to the various inherent characteristics of paddy rice in this lesion. They were identified as rural vitalization, social security, nature and environmental preservations, and social and cultural functions. As studies estimating the monetary value of nature and environmental functions in Korea and Japan revealed, the economic value of multifunctionality from paddy rice farming reached to 70∼150% of total annual rice production cost of each country, and would have been even higher, had other functions been included. Therefore, interdisciplinary and international researches within the monsoon Asian countries are necessary to develop counter-measure logics against the Western dry land farming countries, emphasizing the efforts to disseminate worldwide the significance and recognition of the multifunctionality of paddy rice farming under the Asian monsoon climate.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.39-51
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• 2011

This study was carried out to present the measures for the stable organic rice production, farm income increase and consumption revitalization and so on by analyzing economic effects of the organic rice production complex and farmers by cultivation type. The farmers received prices of organic rice and Life and Environment Agriculture (LEA) were 2,965 won and 2,014 won per kilogram, respectively. Finally, the results of the productivity analysis show that LEA produces about 11% lower crop yield compared with the conventional farming. Meanwhile, the profitabilities of the organic farming per 10a were about 15% higher than the conventional farming. But, LEA per 10a was individually 23% lower then the conventional farming.

• 가족자원경영과 정책
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.111-132
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• 2007

The purposes of this study are to analyze the time use patterns of rice and barley for farm couples. The data used for this study were collected from farm households during the farming seasons (17th to 30th June) and the off-farming seasons (28th November to 11th December) of 2005, using a time diary. The sample for this study consisted of 118 couples, whose principal crops were rice and barley, living in rural area in eight provinces. SPSS Win 12.0 was utilized to analyze the data. The statistical methods used were frequency, percentage and paired t-test. The major findings of this study were as follows. First, the personal care time of wives was shorter than that of husbands, regardless of the fanning period, with the couples showing more personal care time during the off-farming season than during the farming season. Secondly, the total work(paid work plus housework) time of wives was longer than that of husbands during both the farming season and the off-farming season, showing that the labor burden of wives was bigger than that of husbands. Compared to the farming season, the total work time for both husbands and wives was shorter during the off-farming season, due to reduced farm work time, but the housework time increased for both husbands and wives. Thirdly, the leisure time of husbands was longer than that of wives during both seasons. The leisure time increased for both husbands and wives during the off-farming season, but the portion of the increase was bigger for husbands than for wives.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.267-273
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• 2008

안전농산물에 대한 국민의 관심 증대와 농업환경자원의 유지 보전을 위한 지속적인 농업생산 방안으로 친환경농업 육성의 필요성이 증대되어 왔다. 이에 우리나라에서는 친환경 농업이 빠르게 성장하여 1999년 1300호였던 인증농가가 2007년에는 100배 증가하여 13만호에 이르고 있다. 그러나 친환경농업의 빠른 증가 추세에도 불구하고 친환경농업이 농업생태계에 미치는 영향에 대한 정량적인 연구는 미흡한 실정으로 친환경농업의 올바른 확산을 위해서는 농업생태계에 미치는 영향을 규명하고, 지속가능성을 정량화하는 연구가 필요하다. 이에 친환경농업의 지속가능성을 평가하고자 2006년부터 2007년까지 완주군 고산면 광역친환경농업단지 벼유기농업단지에서 쌀생산 시 에너지효율 및 양분수지를 조사하였다. 그 결과 벼유기농업단지가 관행논보다 에너지효율은 낮았으나 재생가능한 에너지 자원을 사용하는 유기농법이 화학비료나 농약을 사용하는 관행농법에 비하여 자원이용의 지속가능도는 높았다. 또한 벼유기농업단지는 과량의 축분퇴비 시용으로 토양 내 인산과 칼륨이 과다 축적되어 있으므로 축분 퇴비의 시용량을 줄이고 질소대비 인산과 칼륨의 함량이 비교적 낮은 자운영 등을 이용한 시비개선이 필요할 것으로 판단된다.