• 한국농업기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농업기계학회 1996년도 International Conference on Agricultural Machinery Engineering Proceedings
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• pp.967-976
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• 1996

Straw and other fibrous by-products are inevitably produced during cereal production and have traditionally been used for many purposes including feeding animals . The potential of these by -products as a feed resource for ruminants is being increasingly appreciated (FAO , 1977). In the future, the amount of cereals fed to farm animals will have to be reduced and livestock will have to rely more on by-products such as straw. The method of animal production can be classified by the major portion of feed. One is animal forage and the other is grains. In Korea , livestock farmers normally depend more than 70% upon grains for the feed stuff. The livestock production system causes the unbalance of nutrition, and results in low productivity of animal farming. In many livestock farms in Korea the rice straw is using as a major forage and the amount of rice straw fed takes 46% of total amount of required forages. Especially the rice straw is mainly using during spring, fall and winte season. However, there are still lots of problems to solved such as harvesting cost, transportation between rice farm ad livestock farm, and quality loss during drying and storage . Therefore the mechanization of straw harvesting is urgently needed to use the renewable agricultural by-products and to overcome the shortage of animal forage. The objective of this research is to develope a straw harvester with new concept which can solve the problems of the quality loss and the labor cost during drying in a field, collecting , and storage. The developed straw harvester is self-propelled machine rebuilt by rice combine and equipped with the pick-up device, the macerater and the mat-forming device.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.474-481
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• 1996

Farm mechanization has been rapidly progressed in rice farming since the 1980's, in Korea. The mechanization has been achieved up to 95-97% in the year of 1995, except irrigation and drying process. However, rice production cost remains much more expensive than the cost of other rice farming countries. Since labor cost shares a major portion of the production costs, it is essential to save labor cost with automation and more sophisticated mechanization. However, it requires great capital investment which causes farm management worse. Therefore, the computer program was developed which can select machines to minimize the management and maintenance cost by analyzing available working days in different areas, machinery to purchase, farming size, total farming size in a village, number of machines and custom fee.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.71-77
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• 1993

This study was conducted in order to figure out the energy consumption pattern in rice production system of Korea, with literature investigation focused on energy requirement in rice production system in worldwide. The investigation reveals that 24,994 MJ/ha was needed to produce 4,500kg of rice production or 5.55 MJ/kg was consumed. The major enegry consumptions are resulted from the application of nitrogen fertilizer, fuel for farm machinery, and farm machinery embodied energy, which showed somewhat different energy consumption pattern than that of the developed country, like, U.S.A. Based on the machinery chosen in this investigation, it was found that 32.7% of the fuel energy, 2,431.8MJ, was consumed in drying operation, 32.2%, 2.402MJ, in tillage and land preparation. 25.8%, 1.923.6MJ in harvest. A linear relationship was found in pre harvest energy input and output of rice production.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제19권spc호
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• pp.123-126
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• 2011

To investigate the forecasting of plant disease and insect for an agricultural complex and farm in environment-friendly cultivation of Rice, environment-friendly agricultural five complexs and five farms were selected in Youngam and Naju area, Jonnam, Korea. Preventation objects of plant disease and insect were leaf blast, neck blast, sheath blight, bacterial leaf blight, and hopper. Factors of sheath blight occurrence in environment-friendly agricultural complex were a fast transplanting time and a narrow planting density. Bacterial leaf blight in rice occurred severely in the area under water. Rice growth in environment-friendly agricultural complex was decreased heavy drying by hopper appearance.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.390-395
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• 2008

Current high oil price and the agreement on global climate change prevention have increased worldwide investment and research on renewable energy. In Korea, development of a rapeseed dryer for bio-diesel production has been started in 2007. Usually, rapeseeds are harvested in early summer, because rice cultivation is followed right after rapeseed harvesting. Early harvest and bad summer results in highly moistured rapeseed and development of artificial drying system is required to dry great amount of rapeseed that couldn't be processed by sun drying alone. The rapeseed dryer was modified from an existing circulation type grain dryer. Modification of the dryer was performed with the aid of CFD simulation. Drying test showed that drying rate of rapeseed was 1.51%/h and germination rate reduction was 4.5%p for the drying temperature of $60^{\circ}C$.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.66-72
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• 2016

The applicability of rice husk fiber as a raw material for eco-friendly pulp mold was evaluated in this study. The higher demand of environmental friendly packaging material resulted in the more interest for the natural fiber based pulp mold. The rice husk which is an abundant agricultural byproduct in Asia could be defiberized by an alkaline digestion process. The changes in the pulp mold making process and the properties of pulp mold by the addition of the rice husk were investigated. The addition of rice husk fiber to the pulp mold made with OCC or UBKP resulted in the increase in drainage at the pulp mold forming process. In case of UBKP pulp mold, the addition of rice husk fiber increased the drying efficiency after pulp mold forming since the structure of pulp mold became more bulkier by the addition of the rice husk fiber. Those results showed the rice husk fiber could be applied to the pulp mold manufacturing as one of the eco-friendly natural fiber resources.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.317-324
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• 1999

This study was conducted to decide several design criterion for clean-washed rice processing system development. A Computer simulation was used to predict and analyze the mass balances and moisture changes of the process of clean-washed rice processing system. The following results were obtained from this study. 1. In order to attain the processing capacity of 1,000kg/h of the clean-washed rice processing system, that of the system was designed as 1,400kg/h which was based on the safety factor of 40% and handling capability of mass variations occurred during processing. 2. It was analyzed that the proper time required for aqueous cleaning process should be within one minute. 2. It was analyzed that the proper time required for aqueous cleaning process should be within one minute. 3. The final moisture content of clean-washed rice was controlled being 15%(w.b.) for the sake of safe storage. 4. It was proven that the optimum drying time was three minutes for the clean-washed rice dried by a rotary dryer.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.264-272
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• 1979

곡물(穀物)의 천일(天日) 건조(乾燥)와 연료(燃料)를 열원(熱源)으로 하는 열풍(熱風) 건조(乾燥)의 문제점(問題點)을 보완(補完)하기 위(爲)한 시도(試圖)로서 구조(構造)가 간단(簡單)하고 제작비(製作費)가 저렴(低廉)한 평판(平板) 집열기(集熱機)와 튜브형(型) 집열기(集熱機)를 설계(設計) 제작(製作)하여 활용(活用)에 필요(必要)한 기초적(基礎的)인 것을 연구(硏究) 검토(檢討) 하였으며, 실제(實際) 곡물(穀物)을 grain bin에 넣고 집열기(集熱機)를 부착(附着)하였을 때 건조(乾燥) 효과(效果)를 구명(究明)하였던 바 그 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 1978년도(年度) 대전(大田) 지방(地方)의 일조(日照) 시수(時數)에 의(依)한 수평면(水平面) 일사량(日射量)은 5월(月)이 $16,814\;KJ/m^2{\cdot}day$로 가장 높았고 12월(月) $4,254\;KJ/m^2{\cdot}day$로 가장 낮았으며 기록치(記錄値)와 계산치(計算値)에 의(依)한 유의성(有意性)은 인정(認定)되지 않았다. 2. 곡물(穀物) 건조(乾燥) 기간(期間)(10월(月) 21일(日)${\sim}$28일(日))동안 오전(午前) 오후(午後) 두차례에 걸쳐 집열기(集熱機)의 효율(效率)을 산출(算出) 하였던 바, 일사량(日射量)이 클수록 효율(效率)도 높았으며 11${\sim}$12시(時)사이의 평판(平板) 집열기(集熱機)의 평균(平均) 효율(效率)은 28.12 로서 튜브형(型)의 16.75 보다 11.37 %가 높았다. 3. 건조(乾燥) 기간중(期間中) 12시(時)를 기준(基準)으로 한 grain bin 입구(入口)의 온도(溫度)는 대비구(對比區)가 20.02, 튜브형(型) 집열기(集熱機)에 연결(連結)된 grain bin이 40.5, 평판(平板) 집열기(集熱機)의 grain bin이 $55.1^{\circ}C$로서 큰 차이(差異)를 나타냈으며 grain bin내(內) 곡물(穀物) 추적(推積) 두께에 따른 온도(溫度) 변화(變化)에서 평판(平板) 집열기(集熱機)와 튜브형(型) 집열기(集熱機)의 grain bin은 곡물층(穀物層)이 두꺼울 수록 낮았으나 대비구(對比區)는 별차이(別差異)가 없었다. 4. 초기(初期) 수분(水分) 함량(含量)이 27.4%인 곡물(穀物)을 17.0%(생체중(生體中) 14.5%)까지 떨어 뜨리는데 25 cm 곡물(穀物) 두께에서 대비구(對比區)가 32, 튜브형(型)의 grain bin이 18, 평판(平板) 집열기(集熱機)의 grain bin이 11시간(時間)이 걸렸으며, 곡물(穀物) 추적(推積) 두께는 건조(乾燥) 속도(速度)에 커다란 영향(影響)을 미쳤고, 건조(乾燥) 특성(特性)은 초기(初期) 감률(減率) 건조기(乾燥期)를 걸쳐 항률(恒率) 건조기(乾燥期)로 되었다.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.75-81
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• 1983

태양열(太陽熱) 축열장치(蓄熱裝置)의 개발(開發)을 위(爲)한 기초자료(基礎資料)를 얻기 위(爲)하여 태양열(太陽熱)의 축열매체(蓄熱媒體)로 돌을 이용(利用)한 평판집열기(平板集熱器)을 제작(製作)하여 집열기(集熱器)의 효율(效率), 총열전달계수(總熱傳達係數), 집열기(集熱器)에 의(依)한 상승온도등(上昇溫度等)을 분석(分析)하고 이를 열원(熱源)으로 벼와 고추에 대(對)한 건조실험(乾燥實驗)을 하였다. 초기함수율(初期含水率) 24.5%인 벼를 14.5%까지 건조(乾燥)시키는데 상온통풍건조(常溫通風乾燥)에서는 약(約) 18일(18日), 튜브형집열기(型集熱器)에서 약(約) 12일(12日), 평판집열기(平板集熱器)에서 약(約) 10일(10日)이 소요(所要)되었으며 통고추 건조(乾燥)의 경우 일광건조(日光乾燥)에서 약(約) 68시간(68時間), 튜브형집열기(型集熱器)에서 약(約) 38시간(38時間), 평판집열기(平板集熱器)에서 약(約) 36시간(36時間)이 소요(所要)되었다. 고추를 절단(切斷)하여 건조(乾燥)할 경우 수평(水平)으로 절단(切斷)하는 것이 효과적(效果的)이었으며 건조(乾燥) 과정중(過程中) capsanthine과 capsaicine성분(成分)의 변화(變化)는 건조방법(乾燥方法)이나 절단방법(切斷方法)에 따라 고추의 품질(品質)에 영향(影響)을 미치는 정도(程度)는 아니라고 사료(思料)되었다.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.42-52
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• 1982

This study was intended to develop a cost function for the natural air in-bin drying: system which could lead to an optimization of the drying system cost. Based on the cost function developed, a series of simulated drying tests were conducted with 10-year weather data (1970~1979) for 7 different regions by applying an appropriate levels of system factors. System performance factors treated in this study were initial moisture content, airflow rate, bin diameter and grain depth. An optimization procedure to find the least cost system was developed as follows: First, the worst year of the past decade was determined in consideration of the dryiang time and maximum dry matter loss. Second, the minimum airflow rate for a fixed bin diameter and grain depth was determined. Third, the optimum grain depth was found for the minimum airflow rate with different initial moisture contents and bin diameters. The results obtained in this study are summarized as follows: 1. The optimization procedure developed in this study was able to reduce the time and efforts significantly. 2. Optimum values of drying parameters including airflow rate, grain depth, and fan size were determined for different initial moisture contents and bin diameters in each region. The results are shown in Tables 3 to 9. 3. Optimum grain depths decreased as the initial moisture content and airflow rate increased. 4. Drying time for the least cost system should be reduced with higher initial moisture content and lower drying potential to prevent grain spoilage. 5. The fixed cost was 65 to 75 percent of the total system cost and the variable cost was 25 to 35 percent. To reduce the fixed cost it is desirable to use a drying bin 2 or 3 times a year.