• 한국작물학회지
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• 제51권spc1호
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• pp.292-296
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• 2006

Three rice cultivars of Goami2 (G2), Ilpumbyeo (IP), and Baegjinju (BJJ) of which physicochemical properties are significantly different, were blended by a simplex-lattice mixture design. The effect of blending those rice cultivars on pasting and texture properties were observed. Rapid Visco Analysis (RVA) indicated that the onset gelatinization temperature of pure blend of G2 rice $(83.80{\pm}0.07^{\circ}C)$ was higher than that of IP $(68.08{\pm}0.01^{\circ}C)$ and BJJ $(68.08{\pm}0.04^{\circ}C)$. Increasing G2 rice resulted in lower peak and breakdown viscosity, and adhesiveness and cohesiveness, whereas higher setback viscosity and hardness. Pasting and texture properties of IP and BJJ indicated that G2 rice has quite different physical characteristics compared to IP and BJJ. Thus, it is expected that blending those three rice cultivars can be used to formulate a desirable rice blend on purpose, furthermore to promote the consumption of G2 rice, which has higher indigestible carbohydrate contents.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.78-83
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• 2006

A simplex-lattice mixture design was applied to blend three varieties of rice; Ilpum (IP), Goami2 (G2) and Baegjinju (BJJ) all of which have very different physicochemical properties from one another. G2 and BJJ are mutant rice developed from IP. Increasing G2 portions in a rice blend increases indigestible carbohydrate contents. Blending at least 33.3% of G2 to either IP or BJJ increased indigestible carbohydrates, which were approximately $3.55{\pm}1.31\;to\;4.57{\pm}0.37$(g/100 g), respectively. Consumers rated higher than 6.0 (=like slightly) for the IP alone and binary blends of IP and BJJ, whereas less than 5.0 (=dislike moderately) for the blends containing G2 rice, indicating that consumers would not accept rice blends containing higher G2 portions. However, although blends with G2 were given lower consumer ratings, a rice blend with G2 could have health benefits in terms of nutritional and functional properties due to the higher indigestible carbohydrate contents.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.99-105
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• 2008

Laver-wrapped rice and laver-wrapped rice containing a vinegar blend (vinegar:sugar:water:salt = 5:2:2:1) were prepared and their degrees of aging from 10 to $30^{\circ}C$, total cell numbers, and total coliforms were examined and compared. The total cell numbers of the laver-wrapped rice increased to 1 log cfu/g at 36 hours, and the total cell numbers of the laver-wrapped rice with vinegar had increased to within 48 hours. At $20^{\circ}C$ for 24 hrs, the total cell numbers for the laver-wrapped rice had increased to 5 log cfu/g: whereas trhe total cell numbers of the laver-wrapped rice with vinegar(5ml of vinegar marinade mixed into 100g of steamed rice), stored at the same conditions had not increased. In the vinegar-marinated rice (2ml/100g rice), microorganisms appeared at 18 hours. However, at the concentration of 5ml/l00g of rice, microorganisms were not observed at 24 hours. Coliforms did not appear in the laver-wrapped rice nor in the laver-wrapped rice with vinegar(prepared at 10ml/100g) until 48 hours. When stored at 10 and $20^{\circ}C$, no microorganisms were found in the laver-wrapped rice with vinegar until 48 hours, respectively. However, at $30^{\circ}C$, microorganisms were observed in the laver-wrapped rice from 24 hours, and from 48 hours in the laver-wrapped rice with vinegar. These results suggest that laver-wrapped rice should be consumed within one day. The number of microorganisms inside the laver-wrapped rice reached 6 log cfu/g by 24 hours, but the increase in the laver-wrapped rice with vinegar was slower. The aging(% damaged starch) of the laver-wrapped rice with vinegar(5ml/100g the rice) stored at $20^{\circ}C$ was reduced, with 3% damaged starch at 24 hours. Consumer evaluations revealed that the laver-wrapped rice prepared with 5ml of the vinegar blend received higher scores for flavor, taste, texture, and overall acceptance as compared to the control. In particular, significantly higher scores were given for taste, texture, and overall acceptability. In summary, the laver-wrapped rice with vinegar had an extended shelf-life(more than 1 day) at storage temperatures of $20-30^{\circ}C$, as well as reduced retrogradation. In addition, based on consumer evaluations, adding vinegar to laver-wrapped rice laver is effective for increasing overall acceptability.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.75-88
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• 2008

This paper presents a mathematical model for strength and porosity of mortars made with ternary blends of ordinary Portland cement (OPC), ground rice husk ash (RHA) and classified fly ash (FA). The mortar mixtures were made with Portland cement Type I containing 0-40% FA and RHA. FA and RHA with 1-3% by weight retained on a sieve No. 325 were used. Compressive strength and porosity of the blended cement mortar at the age of 7, 28 and 90 days were determined. The use of ternary blended cements of RHA and FA produced mixes with good strength and low porosity of mortar. A mathematical analysis and two-parameter polynomial model were presented for the strength and porosity estimation with FA and RHA contents as parameters. The computer graphics of strength and porosity of the ternary blend were also constructed to aid the understanding and the proportioning of the blended system.

• 한국식품저장유통학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식품저장유통학회 2003년도 제23차 추계총회 및 국제학술심포지움
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• pp.224.1-224
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• 2003

The production of black rice in Korea has been increasing, as more Koreans are tending to blend black rice with medium-grain rice for serving. This increased production creates an opportunity for developing new products. In this study, the properties of sponge cakes produced from a blend of black rice flour (BRF) and wheat flour (WF) are investigated. Black rice sponge cakes (BRSC) were produced with constant process variables (e.g. baking temperature, fermentation time and BRP content (10, 20 & 30%)). Proximate compositions, farinogram, amylogram and extensogram analyses of BRSC were determined by AACC method. BRSC color was expressed to Hunter L, a and b values using a colorimeter. Sensory properties were evaluated by a trained 5-member panel. Moisture contents in BRSC decreased with increasing contents of BRF, while ash and protein contents were increased. Farinograph and amylograph data did not differ significantly between treatments, while extensograph data decreased with increasing BRF contents. With increasing BRF contents, Hunter L value decreased, while Hunter a value increased. When using 20% of BRP, sensory scores of BRSC were the highest in color, flavor and taste. In conclusion, 20% of BRF would be the optimum amount for producing sponge cake with BRP and WF.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제38권10호
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• pp.1438-1443
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• 2009

쌀빵 냉동반죽에 첨가제로 gum, 유화제 및 효소제를 복합처리하여 반죽한 후 $-20^{\circ}C$에서 냉동 보관하면서 냉동반죽의 저장기간에 따른 쌀빵의 품질 특성을 조사하였다. 유화제인 sodium stearoyl lactylate(SSL)와 gum류인 guar gum을 각각 0.5%, 그리고 효소제로 곰팡이 $\alpha$-amylase를 0.01% 수준으로 첨가하여 사용하였다. 냉동반죽의 저장 중 쌀빵의 부피는 냉동기간이 경과함에 따라 감소하였는데, 첨가제를 넣지 않은 대조구 반죽에 비해 guar gum+SSL+곰팡이 $\alpha$-amylase를 복합첨가 한 반죽이 냉동 4주 경과 후에도 쌀빵 제조시 부피의 감소폭이 크지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 쌀빵의 경도 변화에 있어서 대조구 냉동반죽의 냉동저장 기간이 증가함에 따라 그리고 쌀빵의 제조 후 시간이 경과할수록 경도의 변화가 큰 반면, guar gum+SSL 첨가한 쌀빵과 guar gum+SSL+곰팡이 $\alpha$-amylase를 복합첨가 한 쌀빵은 저장기간에 따른 경도의 증가폭이 현저하게 낮은 것으로 나타났다. Gum/유화제/효소제의 복합첨가는 쌀가루 냉동반죽의 저장기간 경과에 따른 쌀빵의 부피 감소를 개선하고 노화를 억제하는 효과를 주어 냉동반죽 쌀빵의 품질에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 평가되었다.

• 동력기계공학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.12-17
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• 2008

Biodiesel fuel(BDF) which is easily produced from vegetable oils such as soybean oil and rice bran oil can be effectively used as an alternative fuel in diesel engine. But biodiesel fuel can affect the performance and emissions in diesel engine because it has different chemical and physical properties from diesel fuel. To investigate the combustion characteristics of biodiesel fuel as an alternative fuel for D.I. diesel engine, the experiments were carried out at the three-cylinder, four stroke D.I. diesel engine with T/C. Experimental parameters adopted a conventional diesel fuel and a blend of biodiesel fuel derived from soybean. As a result of experiments in a test engine, BSFC with blend of BDF resulted in higher than with diesel fuel. The ignition delay decreased with blend of BDF than with diesel fuel.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.518-522
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• 2005

Yogurt containing high ${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acid (GABA) was developed using lactic acid bacteria and germinated brown rice. Lactobacillus acidophilus, L. plantarum, and L. brevis OPY-1 strains were inoculated into Lactobacillus MRS broth for use as yogurt starter. After treatment with 5% monosodium glutamate in MRS broth, L. brevis OPY-1 strain isolated from Kimchi produced GABA concentration of 8,003.28 nmol/mL. Starter was inoculated into fermentation substrate mixture containing germinated brown rice extract and blend of powdered whole milk and skim milk. Samples were incubated, and viable cell colonies were counted. Highest number of lactic acid bacteria was reached between 16 and 20 hr. Concentrated rice milk fermented with high GABA-producing strain contained GABA concentrations of $137.17\;{\mu}g/g$ D.W., whereas concentrated fermented milk prepared by conventional method contained GABA of $1.29\;{\mu}g/g$ D.W. Sensory evaluation panelists gave favorable ratings to fermented rice milk containing high GABA concentration.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.1148-1156
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• 2009

쌀을 주원료로 국수를 제조하기 위해 유기산과 증점제를 이용하고 단백질, 텍스트린, 정제염을 첨가하였다. 혼합 유기산과 증점제를 사용한 쌀가루 반죽의 증숙 후 물성은 최대응력(max weight)은 평균 $2040.00\;g/cm^2$ 이었고 탄성 139.12%, 응집력 66.05%, 씹음성 1,396.13 g, 깨짐성 190,456.12 g으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과 쌀가루를 이용한 쌀국수제조에 적합한 조건은 다음과 같다. 원료쌀의 수침은 $20{\sim}25^{\circ}C$에서 12시간 실시하고 $35^{\circ}C$이하 온도에서 분쇄를 2회 실시하는 것이 적합하였고, 쌀가루의 물성을 변화시키기 위해 혼합유기산 0.255%(무수 구연산 0.10%, 사과산 0.75%, adipic acid 0.03%, 양조식초 0.05%), 혼합 증점제 2.820%(산탄검 1.00%, 구아검 0.80%, 알긴산나트륨 0.96%, 폴리아크릴산나트륨 0.06%), 글루텐 3.00%, 덱스트린 1.00%, 카제인나트륨 1.00%, 정제염 3.88%를 혼합한 쌀가루로 국수를 제조하는 것이 적합한 조건으로 판단되었다.

• 산업식품공학
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.320-325
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• 2009

활성글루텐을 첨가한 쌀가루에 검의 첨가가 쌀가루의 신속점도측정기(RVA) 호화양상과 farinograph 반죽특성에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 검의 첨가에 의해 쌀가루의 RVA 최고점도는 증가한 반면 setback은 약간 감소함을 나타내었다. 활성글루텐을 첨가한 쌀가루에 검의 첨가는 farinograph 수분흡수율을 증가시키고 반죽의 안정도를 증가시켜 반죽을 강하게 하는 효과를 부여하였다. 쌀가루에 활성글루텐을 14% 첨가하고 검, 유화제 및 효소제를 복합처리하여 쌀빵을 제조한 후 쌀빵의 부피와 저장 중 경도변화를 조사하였다. 쌀가루에 첨가하는 활성글루텐의 양이 감소함에 따라 쌀빵의 부피가 감소하였지만 검, 유화제 및 효소제를 복합첨가 함으로써 쌀빵의 부피를 현저히 개선시킬 수 있었다. 활성글루텐만을 첨가한 쌀빵은 저장 중에 경도가 급격히 상승하였으나 검, 유화제 및 효소제를 복합첨가하여 제조한 쌀빵은 저장 중에 경도의 증가 폭이 현저하게 감소함을 나타내었다. 따라서 적절한 검, 유화제, 효소제의 복합처리는 쌀빵의 부피와 경도 변화 등 쌀빵의 품질에 매우 긍정적인 영향을 주는 것으로 평가되었다.