• 한국농촌생활과학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.91-97
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• 1995

The sensory quality and the baking property of blonds containing 10-50% of rice flour with wheat flour were analysed by QDA. As sensory characteristics, color, air cell size, air cell distribution, flavor, softness, chewiness and overall quality were evaluated. Bread could be made successfully even using up to 50% rice flour. The color, flavor, softness and chewiness were increased in rice-wheat bread especially using 10∼30% of rice flour, but in case of using 40∼50% of rice flour those characteristics were not significantly different from those of wheat bread. The size of air cell in 10∼30% rice-wheat bread was not significantly different but in 40∼50% rice-wheat bread it was increased. The distribution of air cell was more even in 10∼30% rice-wheat bread than in wheat bread, but not in 40∼50% rice-wheat bread. The overall quality of rice-wheat bread was shown to be better in 10∼30% rice-wheat bread than in wheat bread.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.69-85
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to replace the highly imported wheat consumption with rice in order to improve the rate of food self-sufficiency. Also, the study focused on the possibility of compounded bread making with rice flour, its taste for the Korean who have westernized eating styles, and the development of rice flour compounded bread as an alternative for wheat allergic people. Therefore, the researcher produced the soaked-rice flour, toasted-rice flour, and Extrusion-Expansion of Rice (E-ER) flour by different processing methods to bake rice wheat bread with the 10～50% mixing proportion. The volume and structure of bread were observed with Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and the sensory quality and the baking property were analyzed with a seven-point Likert type scale of Quantitative Descriptive Analysis (QDA). The sensory quality consisted of seven qualities such as color, size and distribution of air cell, flavor, softness, chewing, and overall quality that were evaluated as higher rating showed the better quality. The results of this study are: 1. The volume of the three types of rice wheat bread was almost same or bigger than wheat bread with the 20% of mixed proportion. 2. The size and distribution of air cell of E-ER wheat bread observed by SEM were more evenly distributed that toasted-rice wheat bread. The E-ER wheat bread had soft structure and was relatively similar to wheat flour bread. However, the structure of soaked-rice wheat bread was significantly different to other types of rice wheat bread. The structure of 10% mixed all three types of rice wheat bread was similar and evenly distributed to wheat bread but was bigger and coarser as higher mixing proportion of rice flour. 3. The dark brown color of rice wheat bread showed low sensory quality. 4. Both soaking-rice flour and E-ER flour were able to be mixed with wheat flour up to the 50%, and the seven sensory quality of these wheat bread were better than those of wheat bread. Among the three types of rice flour, toasted-rice wheat bread showed low bread property and sensory quality compared to soaked-rice or E-ER wheat bread. Consequently, this study showed that rice wheat bread that contains 20～30% of rice flour was better than wheat bread in the appropriate volume, seven sensory qualities and bread property.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.185-191
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• 2009

This study investigated the effects of adding hard and soft wheat flour to Korean rice cakes(Karedduk) to retard retrogradation, by examining texture properties and descriptive sensory qualities after 2 and 24 hrs of storage at $5^{\circ}C$. The hard and soft wheat flour were combined with dry rice flour at levels of 0, 5, 10, and 20%. The texture properties, as analyzed by a Texture Analyzer, revealed that the springiness, cohesiveness, and adhesiveness of the rice cakes containing wheat flour were similar to those of the control, while chewiness, gumminess, and hardness were lower compared to the control. Also, in sensory analyses, hardness was significantly different in the rice cakes containing wheat flour compared to the control after 24 hrs of storage at $5^{\circ}C$. Overall, the instrumental texture properties were highly correlated with the sensory characteristics. These results suggest that adding hard and soft wheat flour to Korean rice cakes(Karedduk) is effective at retarding retrogradation.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.685-694
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• 2006

The quality characteristics of cookies containing brown rice flour, which has a greater variety of functional components than wheat flour, were studied. The results of the pasting properties shows that the inclusion of brown rice flour to the wheat flour-mixture did not affect the pasting temperature for up to 30% inclusion. The total dietary fiber and total polyphenol content increased and color of the cookies became darker with increasing brown rice flour content. According to the results from TA on texture, the hardness decreased and the crispness increased significantly(p<0.001, p<0.05, respectively) with increasing brown rice flour content. From the acceptance test, the aroma and texture of the cookies with added brown rice flour were significantly(p<0.001) lower than those of the wheat flour cookies. However, the appearance, taste, and overall acceptance of the cookies with added brown rice flour did not differ significantly from those of the wheat flour cookies. According to the results from the sensory evaluation, the savory aroma of the cookie with 30% brown rice flour was significantly strong(p<0.001). The brown rice flavor of the cookies with brown rice flour was significantly stronger(p<0.001) than that of the wheat flour cookie, but there were no significant differences among the cookies with brown rice flour in it. The crispness of the cookies increased significantly(p<0.001) with the inclusion of brown rice flour in the mixture, especially for the mixture with 30% brown rice flour which had the highest value of crispness among the cookies. The graininess and brown color of the cookies increased significantly(p<0.001) with increasing brown rice flour content, especially for the mixture with 30% brown rice flour which had the highest values among the cookies.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.63-73
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• 1985

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of fermentation time and the proportion of wheat flour to rice flour on Jeung-Pyun's texture. Textural characteristics were examined through sensory Evaluation and Instron Universal testing machine. The properties examined through sensory evaluation were grain, softness, sourness, chewiness and overall quality. Wigh Instron, hardness, cohesivenessm elasticity, gumminess and chewiness were measured. RESULTS : 1. Sensory evaluation data indicated that Jeung-Pyun containing 25% wheat flour and fermented 2 hrs were obtained higher scores than any other Jeug-Pyuns in the grain, softness and overall quality. 2. pHs of Jeung-pyundough and Jeung-Pyun containing 100% rice flour were lower than pHs of those with wheat flour added. 3. Volume of Jeung-Pyun increased as the proportion of wheat flour to rice flour and the length of fermentation time increased. 4. Instron measurement indicated that the hardness of Jeung-Pyun with 50% wheat flour added and 2hrs fermentation time was higher than of others.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.541-547
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• 2012

This study was performed to compare the processing aptitudes of the rice muffins produced from the seven rice varieties, including Goami, Goami 2, Deuraechan, Baegjinju, Seolgaeng, Haiami and Hanareum, along with the use of hydroxypropyl methylcelluloses (HPMCs) as a replacement for the egg white. The water binding capacity of rice flours was significantly higher than that of wheat flour, but its fat binding capacity was lower than that of wheat flour (p<0.05). In the viscosity of the batter, Goami and Baegjinju were lower than that of the wheat flour. There was no significant difference in the specific gravity of Seolgaeng and the batter of wheat flour. The pH of all varieties except Goami 2 was higher than batter of wheat flour(p<0.05). Haiami flour produced higher muffin volume and specific volume compared with the wheat flour muffin. The textural characteristics, the muffins produced by Haiami and Hanareum flours had significantly lower hardness than the wheat flour muffin after 30 hours. All rice varieties except Gaomi 2 showed no significant difference compared to the wheat flour muffin in color, taste and texture (p<0.05). Furthermore, flavor of muffins produced from the Seolgaeng, Haiami and Hanareum flours tested higher than the wheat flour muffin. It was concluded that the rice varieties of Seolgaeng, Goami, Haiami and Hanareum were considered to be the most suitable rice cultivars for the rice muffins.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.6-14
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• 1981

쌀가루와 밀가루의 복합분으로 제면을 시도하였고, 쌀가루에 결착성을 주기위한 방법으로 팽화미가루를 조제하여, 쌀가루, 밀가루와 함께 복합분의 시료로 삼았다. 원료분 및 복합분들에 관한 amylogram 특성치를 측정하였으며, 복합분으로 제조한 면제품을 조리시험하여 밀가루면과 비교하였고 또한 관능검사를 실시하여 아래와 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 원료분의 amylogram 특성치는 그 최고점도에 있어서 쌀가루가 가장 높았고, 복합분에 있어서는 의 경우가 밀가루의 점도특성에 접근하였다. 2. <쌀가루+팽화미가루$30{\sim}40$> 복합분에 XG $1.5{\sim}2%$와 밀가루 $40{\sim}50%$를 혼합하였을때 제면적성과 조리시험 결과가 향상되어 밀가루면과 차이가 없었다. 3. 관능검사 결과 <쌀가루+팽화미가루+밀가루> 복합분에 XG을 첨가한 것이 약간 더 효과적이었으며 팽화미가루 함량이 30%인 복합분으로 만든 면제품은 기호성에 있어서 밀가루면과 유의차가 없었고, 냄새와 맛에서는 오히려 밀가루면 보다 우수하였다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.83-90
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• 1982

쌀가루의 제면적성을 향상시키기 위해 찹쌀을 호화시켜 건조 제분한 것을 혼합시키고 여기에 쌀가루와 점성 개량제인 XG를 첨가하여 제면적성을 시험 검토하였다. 1. 원료분을 Amylograph에 의해 점도특성을 측정한 결과 밀가루의 최고점도에 비해서 쌀가루의 최고점도가 상당히 높았으며, 쌀가루 복합분 중 최고점도가 가장 높은 것은 (RF 85+GWRF 15+XG2%) 이고 가장 낮은 것은 (RF 35+GWRF 15+WF 50)인데 후자의 복합분이 밀가루와 비슷한 호화특성을 보였다. 2. (쌀가루+호화찹쌀가루 15)에 밀가루를 $40{\sim}50%$ 혼합했을 때 상온에서 반죽이 잘 되었고 삶은 국수의 중량, 부피와 용출되는 고형물이 밀가루면의 경우와 비슷하였다. 3. (쌀가루+호화찹쌀가루 15)에 XG를 2%첨가했을 때 면대형성과 조리 후 결착성을 주는데 효과적이었으며, (쌀가루+호화찹쌀가루 15 +밀가루)로 만든 면에서 XG 2% 첨가와 밀가루 40%를 혼합한 것이 그것의 조리특성을 크게 개선하였다. 4. 가장 기호도가 높은 밀가루 복합분면의 조성비는(RF 45+GWRF 15+WF 40+XG 2%)이었으며 밀가루면과 통계적으로 유의차가 없었다.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.397-404
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to help promote the consumption of rice by substituting rice powder for wheat flour in bread preparation and examining the effect of rice powder particle size in baked rice bread samples. Several experiments were carried to analyze and compare the quality characteristics of prepared samples of wheat flour and rice powder breads. The loaf volume index of the wheat flour bread was 6.34, and the indices of the rice powder bread samples, which were made from powder milled through 20, 35, and 45 mesh (S1, S2 and S3), were 5.37, 5.56, and 5.85, respectively. These data indicated that the loaf volume index of the rice powder bread was lower than that of the wheat flour bread, but the volume of the rice powder bread increased as the particle size of the rice powder became finer. According to texture analysis results using a rheometer, the hardness value of the wheat flour bread was $1.34{\times}10^3\;g/cm^2$, and values of S1, S2, and S3 were $1.74{\times}10^3\;g/cm^2$, $1.57{\times}10^3\;g/cm^2$, and $1.47{\times}10^3\;g/cm^2$, respectively. Therefore, S3, which was made from the finest powder among the rice powder samples, showed the lowest level of hardness. No significant differences were observed for springiness, cohesiveness, and gumminess among the bread samples. However, the wheat flour and rice powder breads had significant differences for bread crumb color. The L-value of S3(76.20) was similar to that of the wheat flour bread(77.22). but the L-values of S1(70.30) and S2(71.21) were lower than that of the wheat flour bread. In terms of redness and yellowness, the values of the rice powder breads were significantly different from those of the wheat flour bread. In terms of overall preference, the sensory evaluation results indicated that S3 was significantly the more preferred and the wheat flour bread was the least preferred among the bread samples. This study also investigated texture changes and mold occurrence in bread samples stored at $25^{\circ}C$ for 5 days. From the 3rd day of storage, bread texture became harder in all samples however, S3 showed the least level of change among the rice powder breads. The occurrence of mold began to increase abruptly from the 4th day of storage, and S2 and S3 showed mold numbers that were 2-fold greater than those of S1 and the wheat flour bread.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.574-579
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• 2002

찹쌀가루에 멥쌀가루나 밀가루를 첨가하여 탁주나 소주로 반죽하여 제조한 우메기떡의 기계적, 관능적 품질 특성을 평가하였다. 1. 찹쌀가루에 밀가루 첨가시료의 탄력성, 점착성이 멥쌀가루 첨가시료보다 높은 경향이었으며 응집성은 멥쌀가루나 밀가루 첨가 비율이 증가할수록 높았다. 밀가루 첨가, 소주반죽 시료가 견고성이 높았다. 2. 찹쌀가루에 대한 멥쌀가루, 밀가루 함량이 10～50%로 증가함에 따라 호화도가 감소하였다. 3. 관능검사 결과 찹쌀가루에 밀가루를 50% 첨가하고 탁주로 반죽한 GWT50% 시료가 색, 향, 맛, 촉촉한 정도, 씹힘성, 전치전인 기호도가 유의적으로 높았다.