• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.271-283
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• 2013

식별형질이 적거나 명확하지 않아서 동정하는데 어려움이 있었던 한국산 현삼속 식물의 형태학적 형질을 재검토 하였다. 이에 근거하여 각 분류군의 변이의 한계와 식별형질을 파악하였다. 생육지, 뿌리의 형태, 엽질, 줄기와 잎에 분포하는 선모의 유무, 개화기, 꽃받침의 형태, 화관의 색, 화관 하부열편의 길이, 화반의 유무 등은 열을 구분하는 형질로 매우 유용하였다. 이번 연구에서 1) 개현삼열에 속한 개현삼과 섬현삼은 줄기 능각의 길이, 엽병의 너비, 화관 측열편과 상부열편의 중첩 정도, 화관 상부열편의 함입 정도 등에 의해 명확히 구분할 수 있었다. 큰개현삼열에 속한 2) 현삼은 수상형의 화서 형태, 길이가 매우 짧은 화경과 소화경, 연녹색의 화관 등이 중요한 식별형질로 확인되었고, 3) 토현삼은 피침형의 엽신과 꽃받침, 엽액형의 화서 형태 등이 좋은 식별형질이었다. 4) 좀현삼은 매우 작은 잎의 길이와 너비에 의해 큰개현삼과 구분되었으며, 5) 몽울토현삼은 줄기에 3~6개의 마디를 가지고, 엽신의 형태는 광난형~아원형이며, 매우 이른 개화기를 가지고, 화서는 정단에만 짧게 발달하는 특징 등을 가짐으로써 근연분류군과 뚜렷이 구분되었다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 한국산 현삼속을 2열 6종 1변종, 총 7분류군으로 정리하였고, 이들에 대한 검색표를 제시하였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권11호
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• pp.1666-1672
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• 2003

The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of an alumninosilicate clay, marketed under the trade name Biotite V, to improve growing-finishing pig performance and to determine its effects on nutrient digestibility and excretion. Sixty crossbred pigs (22.3${\pm}2.7kg$, Camborough 15 Line female${\times}$Canabred sire) were assigned on the basis of sex, weight and litter to one of four dietary treatments in a $2{\times}4$ (two sexes and four treatments) factorial design experiment. The experimental diets were based on barley and soybean meal and contained 0, 0.25, 0.5 or 0.75% biotite during the growing period (22.3-60.5 kg) and 0, 0.5, 1.0 or 1.5% biotite during the finishing period (60.5-110.3 kg). Each pig was allowed access to its own individual feeder for 30 min twice daily (07:00 and 15:00 h). Individual pig body weight, feed consumption and feed conversion were recorded weekly. The pigs were slaughtered at a commercial abattoir when they reached an average weight of 110.3 kg. Carcass weight was recorded and dressing percentage calculated. Carcass fat and lean measurements were obtained with a Destron PG 100 probe between the 3rd and 4th last ribs, 70 mm of the midline. Total tract digestibility coefficients for dry matter, energy, nitrogen and phosphorus were determined using three males and three females per treatment starting at an average weight of $52.2{\pm}3.8kg$. These pigs were housed under identical conditions as those used in the growing stage and were fed the same diets modified only by the addition of 0.5% chromic oxide as a digestibility marker. Over the entire experimental period (22.3-110.3 kg), daily gain was unaffected (p>0.05) by the inclusion of biotite in the diet. There was a cubic response for feed intake (p=0.06) and a quadratic response (p=0.07) for feed conversion due to biotite. Feeding biotite produced no significant (p>0.05) linear or quadratic effects on any of the carcass traits measured. Dry matter digestibility decreased linearly (p=0.02) with increasing levels of biotite in the diet. However, digestibility coefficients for energy, nitrogen and phosphorus were unaffected (p<0.05) by biotite inclusion. Lactobacilli and enterobacteria numbers were unaffected by inclusion of biotite while Salmonella was not detected in any of the fecal samples. The overall results of this experiment indicate that biotite inclusion did not reduce fecal excretion of nitrogen or phosphorus and failed to improve nutrient digestibility. Neither growth rate nor carcass quality was improved while a modest improvement in feed conversion was observed at lower levels of inclusion. Based on the results of this experiment, it would be difficult to justify the routine inclusion of biotite in diets fed to grower-finisher pigs. Whether or not a greater response would have been obtained with pigs of a lower health status is unknown.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제62권5호
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• pp.595-604
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• 2020

This study investigated the effects of dietary rumen-protected L-tryptophan (TRP) supplementation (43.4 mg of L-tryptophan kg^-1 body weigt [BW]) for 65 days in Hanwoo steers on muscle development related to gene expressions and adipose tissue catabolism and fatty acid transportation in longissimus dorsi muscles. Eight Hanwoo steers (initial BW = 424.6 kg [SD 42.3]; 477 days old [SD 4.8]) were randomly allocated to two groups (n = 4) of control and treatment and were supplied with total mixed ration (TMR). The treatment group was fed with 15 g of rumen-protected TRP (0.1% of TMR as-fed basis equal to 43.4 mg of TRP kg^-1 BW) once a day at 0800 h as top-dressed to TMR. Blood samples were collected 3 times, at 0, 5, and 10 weeks of the experiment, for assessment of hematological and biochemical parameters. For gene study, the longissimus dorsi muscle samples (12 to 13 ribs, approximately 2 g) were collected from each individual by biopsy at end of the study (10 weeks). Growth performance parameters including final BW, average daily gain, and gain to feed ratio, were not different (p > 0.05) between the two groups. Hematological parameters including granulocyte, lymphocyte, monocyte, platelet, red blood cell, hematocrit, and white blood cell showed no difference (p > 0.05) between the two groups except for hemoglobin (p = 0.025), which was higher in the treatment than in the control group. Serum biochemical parameters including total protein, albumin, globulin, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine phosphokinase, glucose, nonesterified fatty acids, and triglyceride also showed no differences between the two groups (p > 0.05). Gene expression related to muscle development (Myogenic factor 6 [MYF6], myogenine [MyoG]), adipose tissue catabolism (lipoprotein lipase [LPL]), and fatty acid transformation indicator (fatty acid binding protein 4 [FABP4]) were increased in the treatment group compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Collectively, supplementation of TRP (65 days in this study) promotes muscle development and increases the ability of the animals to catabolize and transport fat in muscles due to an increase in expressions of MYF6, MyoG, FABP4, and LPL gene.

• 한국어류학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.173-180
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• 2001

1991년 5월 27일 경북 포항시 청하면 방어리 소재의 포항수산종묘시험장 앞 해안에서 채집한 학공치, Hyporhampus sajori (Temminck et Schlegel) 수정란에서 부화한 자어를 사육하면서 발육단계에 따라 골격의 발달과 정을 관찰하였다. 부화 직후, 전장이 7.00~8.50 mm (평균 7.80 mm, n=5)인 자어(仔魚)는 두개골(頭蓋骨), 내장골(內臟骨)및 견대골(肩帶骨)의 골화가 시작되었며, 부화 후 8일째 전장 10.07~14.75 mm (평균 13.07 mm, n=5) 자어(仔魚)는 치골(齒骨)이 골화하기 시작하여, 앞쪽으로 가늘고 길게 골화가 진행되었다. 부화 후 14일째, 전장이 17.62~19.35 mm (평균 19.20 mm, n=5)인 자어(仔魚)는 담기골의 골화가 일어났으며, 척추골(脊椎骨)에 41개의 가늘고 긴 늑골(肋骨)이 골화하였다. 부화 후 16일째, 전장이 18.90~24.72 mm (평균 23.00 mm, n=5)인 자어(仔魚)는 3개의 상미측골(上尾軸骨)이 골화하였다. 골격의 골화는 섭이와 호흡에 연관된 약골(顎骨)과 기개골에서 골화가 시작되어, 부화 후 37일째에 전장이 32.37~ 44.95 mm (평균 35.25 mm, n=5)인 치어(稚魚)에 이르러 모든 골격이 완성되었다.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.150-157
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• 2008

목적: 견갑골 체부 골절의 수술적 치료 결과를 분석하고자 하고자 한다. 대상 및 방법: 7명의 환자를 대상으로 수술적 치료를 시행하였다. 견갑골 외측 경계가 100% 전위된 경우, 관절와가 $25^{\circ}$ 각변형 되거나 1 cm 이상 내측 전위된 경우, 견갑골 체부와 쇄골 골절이 동반된 경우를 수술적 치료의 대상으로 삼았다. 남자가 5명 여자가 2명, 평균 나이는 49(40~58)세, 평균 추시는 11(6~24)개월 이였다. 두 명은 다발성 늑골 골절과 척추 골절을 동반하였다. 기능적 평가를 위해 UCLA score 와 Korean shoulder score, 술 후 주관적인 만족도를 이용하였다. 결과: UCLA score는 평균29(17~33)점 이었고 평균 Korean shoulder score는 86(63~94)점이었다. 환자의 주관적인 만족도는 10점 만점에 7.7(4~9)이었다. 합병증으로 정복된 골절의 소실 없는 나사못 이완이 1예에서 관찰되었으며 관절와로 돌출된 나사못으로 1예에서는 교환하여야 하였다. 결론: 심하게 전위된 견갑골 체부골절에서는 견관절 및 견갑흉곽관절의 생역학적 이상으로 인한 견관절의 운동 장애를 예방하기 위해 수술적 치료가 도움이 될 것으로 판단된다.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.31-49
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• 2006

This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of Gyoaesamultang in pregnant rats and their fetuses. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were orally administered with the Gyoaesamultang at dose of 5mg/kg/day for 20 days. Pregnant rats were sacrificed at 20th day of gestation, and observed internal and reproductive organs. Approximately, live fetuses in the 20th day of gestation were randomly selected and fixed in 95% ethanol. To observe skeletal malformations, fetuses were stained with alcian blue and alizarin red S. Maternal body weight of Gyoaesamultang treated group has a tendency to increase compared to that of control group. There were no significant difference in internal and reproductive organs. There were no significant changes between two groups in blood chemistry and hematological values. There were no significant changes in number of corpus luteum, implantation, live fetuses and implantation rate, delivery rate, late resorption rate and sex ratio. But Gyoaesamultang administered group showed lower early resorption rate than the control group. Neonatal body weight and number of fetus of Gyoaesamultang group were increased to that of control group. The fetuses of dams treated with Gyoaesamultang didn't showed external malformation. Vertebral and sternal variations were observed in Gyoaesamultang group but, compared to the control, those variations were insignificant. The number of ribs, cervical, thoracic, and lumber were normal. The number of sacral and caudal vertebrae were increased. Fetuses treated with Gyoaesamultang showed significant difference in the number of caudal vertebra(P<0.01). From these results, it can be concluded that Gyoaesamultang showed no toxicity effects on maternal body weight, early resorption rate, and number of live fetuses. There were no significant changes in organ weight, hematological data, reproductive organs. Although skeletal variations were showed in vertebrate and sternum, Gyoaesamultang were shown insignificant changes in bone malformation.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.404-407
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• 2009

43세 여환이 2달 전부터 간간히 생긴 좌측 흉부의 통증을 주소로 내원하였다. 시행한 흉부 전산화 단층 촬영상 좌측 흉부에 계란 모양의 종괴가 발견되었다. 신경원성 종양과의 감별이 어려워 국소 절제술을 시행하였고 조직 검사상 늑골 막에 생긴 골 외 유잉 육종으로 판명되었다. 양전자방출 단층 촬영 시행후 전이가 없어 재수술로 광범위 국소 절제술 및 흉부 재건술을 시행하였으며 항암 화학 요법으로 치료하였다. 환자는 1년간의 항암 화학 요법 치료를 받고 있으며 국소 재발 없이 건강한 상태이다. 환자의 나이와 종양의 기원이 일반적인 골 외 유잉 육종과 다른 특징이 있었다. 이에 국내에서 드물게 보고된 늑골 막에서 생긴 골 외 유잉 육종 1예를 치험하였기에 고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.91-104
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• 2010

The experiments were undertaken to evaluate the effects of herbal medicine, Bojungiggitang and Gwibitang in pregnant rats and their fetuses. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were orally administered with the Bojungiggitang and Gwibitang at dose of 5ml/kg/day for 20 days. Pregnant rats were sacrificed at 20th day of gestation, and the internal and reproductive organs. Approximately live fetuses in the 20th day of gestation were randomly selected and fixed in 95% ethanol. To observe skeletal malformations, fetuses were stained with alcian blue and alizarin red S. Maternal body weights of Bojungiggitang and Gwibitang treated group has a tendency to increase compared to that of control group. There were no significant differences in internal and reproductive organs. There were no significant changes between two groups in blood chemistry and hematological values. There were no significant changes in number of corpus luteum, implantation and live fetuses. But Bojungiggitang and Gwibitang administered group showed higher implantation rate than the control group. Also, Bojungiggitang and Gwibitang administered groups showed lower early resorption rate than the control group. And Gwibitang had the higher value in all the other groups in all items. From the sex ratio, the number of females were larger than the number of males in the control group, and more males than females in Gwibitang administered group. Neonatal body weight and the number of fetus of Bojungiggitang and Gwibitang group were higher than that of control group. The fetuses of dams treated with Bojungiggitang and Gwibitang did not show external malformation. Vertebral and sternal variations were observed in Bojungiggitang and Gwibitang administered group compared to the control group. Those variations were insignificant. There were no significant changes in number of ribs, cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral and caudal vertebras. From these results, it can be concluded that Bojungiggitang and Gwibitang showed no toxic effects on maternal body weight and the number of live fetuses. There were no significant changes in organ weight, hematological data, and reproductive organs. Although skeletal variations were shown in vertebra and sternum, Bojungiggitang, Gwibitang were shown insignificant changes in bone malformation.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.399-402
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• 1996

Endoscopic transthoracic sympathectomy (ETS) has recently become estabilished as a successful treatment for severe palmar and axillary hyperhidrosis. Descriptions have been published of neurolytic, operative and alternative endoscopic procedures involving thermocoagulation, laser coagulation, or or nonvideo-assisted ganglionectomy using equipment not widely available, with low morbidity and excellent results. All methods have advantage and disadvantages. A 19-year-old male who suffered from severe hyperhidrosis on face, palms and axillary areas, has been initially treated with stellate ganglion block in other pain clinic. He was transfered to our pain clinic for endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy. The patient was intubated left side 34 Fr. double lumen tube and positioned left semi-lateral position for right sympathectomy. Right side pneumothorax was created by clamping the ipsilateral side of the double lumen tube and aspiration of air. 11-mm trocar was introduced through incision at the third intercostal space in anterior axillary line, and then additional two 11-mm and 5-mm trocar was introduced through second and fifth intercostal space in mid axillary line. The lung was gently retracted and the parietal pleura over the heads of the appropriate ribs excised using 5-mm sharp insulated coagulating microprocesss. The T4, T3, and T2 ganglions, as well as accompanying rami communicantes, and other branchs arising from upper thoracic nerves to the brachial plexus and surrounding tissues were carefully dissected, coagulated. During sympathectomy, skin temperature of middle was continuously monitored. Elevation of palmar skin temperature intraoperatively indicated an adequate sympathectomy with a definite therapeutic effect. A No. 28 Fr. thoracotomy tube was introduced through a troca under video guidance, placed under water seal after the lung was reinflated. the controlateral side was performed same procedure. After bilateral sympathectomy, chest tubes were removed, and then, he was discharged 2 days after operation with great satisfaction. The ETS provides a well-tolerated, cost-effective alternative to thoracic sympathectomy for primary hyperhidrosis and sympathetic mediated neuropathic pain disorder. And T2 ganglion is considered the key ganglion for the treatment of primary hyperhidrosis. The low incidence of compensatory sweating may by explained by the limited extent of the sympathectomy.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.545-553
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• 2016

이 논문에는 교량바닥판의 지간장이 짧은 단지간용 프리캐스트 콘크리트패널에 대해 수행한 정적하중 재하실험 결과들을 나타내었다. 단지간용 콘크리트패널은 콘크리트패널 하면에 콘크리트리브가 부착되어 있으며, 기존 LB-DECK과 달리 콘크리트패널 상면에 Top bar가 없는 단면이다. 콘크리트패널에 부착되는 콘크리트리브의 개수와 단면 상세는 교량바닥판의 지간장과 철근콘크리트바닥판 두께 변화에 따른 설계하중에 대해 변수해석 결과를 토대로 결정하였다. 콘크리트패널 상면에는 현장타설되는 콘크리트와 합성거동을 위해 전단철근을 배치하였다. 변수해석을 통해 산정된 콘크리트패널이 설계하중에 대해 사용성과 안전성을 만족하는 가를 확인하기 위해 정적하중 재하실험을 수행하였다. 지간장 1.6 m인 단지간 콘크리트패널 실험체 3개 제작한 후 정적하중 재하하면서 각 실험체의 처짐, 균열, 그리고 최종 파괴양상을 살펴보았다. 설계하중이 작용할 때 각 실험체의 처짐, 균열하중, 그리고 균열폭을 토대로 사용성을 평가하였다. 또한 각 실험체의 최종 파괴양상과 극한강도를 토대로 계수설계하중에 대한 안전성을 평가하였다. 실험 결과 단지간용 콘크리트패널이 사용성과 안전성을 만족하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 추가적으로 단지간용 콘크리트패널을 적용할 수 있는 교량바닥판의 지간장 범위를 검토하였다.