• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.227-234
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• 2021

Background: The serratus posterior inferior (SPI) muscle originates from the spinous process of T11-L2 and inserts at the lower border of the 9-12th ribs. This muscle is involved in thoracolumbar rotation and stability. Several positions can be used to improve trunk stability; the quadruped position is a good position for easily maintaining a neutral spine. In particular, during one arm lifting, various muscles act to maintain a neutral trunk position, and the SPI is one of these muscles. If trunk stability is weakened, uncontrolled trunk rotation may occur at this time. Tape can be used to increase trunk stability. There have been no studies on the effect of taping applied to the SPI muscle on thoracolumbar junction (TLJ) stability. Objects: This study compared the TLJ rotation angle between three different conditions (without taping, transverse taping, and SPI muscle direction taping). Methods: Thirty subjects were recruited to the study (18 males and 12 females). The TLJ rotation angle was measured during one arm lifting in a quadruped position (ALQP). Two taping methods (transverse and SPI muscle direction taping) were applied, and the TLJ rotation angle was measured in the same movement. Results: SPI muscle direction taping significantly reduced TLJ rotation compared to that without taping (p < 0.001) and with transverse taping (p < 0.001). There was a significant difference in the TLJ rotation angle between transverse taping and SPI muscle direction taping (p < 0.017). Conclusion: SPI muscle direction taping reduces the TLJ rotation angle during ALQP. Therefore, SPI muscle direction taping is one method to improve TLJ stability and reduce uncontrolled TLJ rotation during ALQP.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제54권1호
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• pp.59-64
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• 2021

Background: Diaphragmatic injuries following blunt or penetrating thoraco-abdominal trauma are rare, but can be life-threatening. Rib fractures are the most common associated injury in patients with a traumatic diaphragmatic injury (TDI). We hypothesized that the pattern of rib fracture injuries could dictate the likelihood of acute TDIs. Methods: A retrospective study was carried out between April 2014 and October 2018 to analyze patients with TDIs and rib fractures at a major trauma center in London, United Kingdom. Results: Over the study period, 1,560 patients had rib fractures, of whom 14 had associated diaphragmatic injuries. Left-sided diaphragmatic injuries were found in 8 patients (57%). A significant proportion of the rib fractures were located posterolaterally (44.9%). The highest frequency of fractures was found in ribs 5-10, which accounted for 74% of all the fractures. Ten patients underwent surgery, of whom 7 were diagnosed with a diaphragmatic injury intraoperatively after video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery assessment of the pleural cavity. Two patients died due to severe injuries of other organs and the remaining 2 patients were managed conservatively. Conclusion: Our series of patients demonstrates a relationship between significant rib fractures and diaphragmatic injuries in trauma patients, and the diagnostic difficulties in identifying the condition. We found that the location of the rib fractures and the pattern of injury in patients with TDIs were much lower and posterolateral in the chest wall without a preference for laterality. We suggest using a thoracoscope in patients undergoing chest wall surgery post-trauma to aid in diagnosing this condition.

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2021

In this study, a real-sized experimental equipment (pilot plant) was built at the site based on the preliminary research data to develop a movable separator for the mixed construction waste that can be implemented in agricultural areas to review its feasibility through the evaluation of its separation efficiency by waste types. The final construction of the movable separator and experimental results of the separation efficiency are summarized as follows. 1) The separation performance according to the blade type was the best for the combustible wastes either with 26 numbers of L-type blades and 32 numbers of pin type blades. As far as combination of blade types, when the L-type and pin-type were combined, the best separation efficiency was achieved. 2) The separation efficiency for waste wood by the conveyor type and angle of inclination (slope) of the trommel was the best when the conveyor had ribs of seagull shape with the angle of inclination 45°. 3) The separation efficiencies by process showed that 65.9% was separated as inorganic demolition wastes, 18.2% as waste woods, and 16.0% as combustible wastes at conveyor speed of 2-3 rpm, and the error rate was the least from the waste types generated in the dismantle site.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.566-579
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• 2021

Ralstonia syzygii subsp. indonesiensis (Rsi, former name: Ralstonia solanacearum phylotype IV) PW1001, a causal agent of potato wilt disease, induces hypersensitive response (HR) on its non-host eggplant (Solanum melongena cv. Senryo-nigou). The disaccharide trehalose is involved in abiotic and biotic stress tolerance in many organisms. We found that trehalose is required for eliciting HR on eggplant by plant pathogen Rsi PW1001. In R. solanacearum, it is known that the OtsA/OtsB pathway is the dominant trehalose synthesis pathway, and otsA and otsB encode trehalose-6-phosphate (T6P) synthase and T6P phosphatase, respectively. We generated otsA and otsB mutant strains and found that these mutant strains reduced the bacterial trehalose concentration and HR induction on eggplant leaves compared to wild-type. Trehalose functions intracellularly in Rsi PW1001 because addition of exogenous trehalose did not affect the HR level and ion leakage. Requirement of trehalose in HR induction is not common in R. solanacearum species complex because mutation of otsA in Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum (former name: Ralstonia solanacearum phylotype I) RS1002 did not affect HR on the leaves of its non-host tobacco and wild eggplant Solanum torvum. Further, we also found that each otsA and otsB mutant had reduced ability to grow in a medium containing NaCl and sucrose, indicating that trehalose also has an important role in osmotic stress tolerance.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.254-261
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• 2021

본 연구는 강교량의 폐합부재 등 시각적으로 탐지하기 어려운 부위의 강재에 대한 손상을 탐지하기 위한 방법을 개발하기 위한 목적으로 시작되었다. 본 연구에서는 초음파 속도법을 활용하여 강재의 두께를 추정하는 방법에 대한 정확도를 향상시키기 위한 알고리즘을 개발 및 적용하였다. 또한 정적인 스캐닝과 연속 스캐닝의 비교를 실시하였고, 실용적인 범위의 정확도에서는 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 강재 부재 내에 물이 고여 있는 상황을 고려하여 물이 있을 경우에 대한 물 높이 추정 알고리즘을 제안하였고, 이를 통해 측정한 결과 물의 높이가 강재 부재보다 두꺼울 경우에는 적절한 추정이 가능했으나, 작을 경우에는 물의 존재 유무만을 판단할 수 있었다.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.173-180
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• 2022

Purpose: The use of surgical stabilization of rib fractures (SSRF) has steadily increased over the past decade. Recent literature suggests that a larger population may benefit from SSRF, and that the geriatric population-as the highest-risk population-may receive the greatest improvement from these interventions. We sought to determine the overall utilization of SSRF in the United States. Methods: The National Trauma Database was analyzed between 2016 and 2017. The inclusion criteria were all patients ≥65 years old with rib fractures. We further stratified these patients according to age (65-79 vs. ≥80 years old), the presence of coding for flail chest, three or more rib fractures, and intervention (surgical vs. nonoperative management). The main outcomes were surgical interventions, mortality, pneumonia, length of stay, intensive care unit length of stay, ventilator use, and tracheostomy. Results: Overall, 93,638 patients were identified. SSRF was performed in 992 patients. Patients who underwent SSRF had improved mortality in the 65 to 79 age group, regardless of the number of ribs fractured. We identified 92,637 patients in the age group of 65 to 79 years old who did not undergo SSRF. This represents an additional 20,000 patients annually who may benefit from SSRF. Conclusions: By conservative standards and the well-established Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma clinical practice guidelines, SSRF is underutilized. Our data suggest that SSRF may be very beneficial for the geriatric population, specifically those aged 65 to 79 years with any rib fractures. We hypothesize that roughly 20,000 additional cases will meet the inclusion criteria for SSRF each year. It is therefore imperative that we train acute care surgeons in this skill set.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제64권1호
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• pp.135-142
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• 2022

It is impossible to know the amount of pork primal cut by pig carcass grade which is determined only by carcass weight and backfat thickness in the Korean Pig Carcass System. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between the pig carcass grade and the amount of pork primal cut estimated with AutoFom III. A total of 419,321 Landrace, Yorkshire, and Duroc (LYD) pigs were graded with the Korean Pig Carcass Grade System. Amounts of belly, neck, loin, tenderloin, spare ribs, shoulder, and ham were estimated with AutoFom III. Regression equations for seven primal cuts according to each grade were derived. There were significant differences among the three carcass grades due to heteroscedasticity variance (p < 0.0001). Three regression equations were derived from AutoFom III estimation of primal cuts according to carcass grades. The coefficient of determination of the regression equation was 0.941 for grade 1⁺, 0.982 for grade 1, and 0.993 for grade 2. Regression equations obtained from this study are suitable for AutoFom III software, a useful tool for the analysis of each pig carcass grade in the Korean Pig Carcass Grade System. The high reliability of predicting the amount of primal cut with AutoFom III is advantageous for the management of slaughterhouses to optimize their product sorting in Korea.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.255-262
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• 2022

In this study, by analyzing the examination time for each procedure, the appropriate workload of radiologic technologist is analyzed based on the actual examination time in the current clinical setting by comparing with the examination time in the radiology field setting of the health insurance review and assessment service. In addition, this result is introduced into the calculation of relate value units; it was attempted to provide accurate and objective evidence in the field of radiology. From May 2020 to December 2021, the study retrospectively investigated the examination times recorded in the electronic medical record and picture archiving and communication system at 5 tertiary general hospitals and 1 general hospital. The total of 16 examination parts are applied in this study, including the head, sinuses, chest, ribs, abdomen, pelvis, cervical, thoracic, lumbar, shoulder, elbow, wrist, hip, femur, knee, and ankle. The minimum number of images that could be obtained per radiation generator was 3.6 images for one hour, and the maximum was 6.4 images. When 50% median of procedure time is calculated, the minimum number of images that could be obtained was 16.7 images and maximum was 35.3 images; in addition, minimum examination time is 1.7 minutes, and maximum time is 3.6 minutes. In conclusion, it is judged that there will be insufficient explanation time for basic infection instructions such as hand hygiene during the examinations in current clinical practice. It is believed that radiologic technologists will contribute to providing higher-quality of radiation examination services to the public by complying with guidelines for work and setting appropriate workload on their own.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.359-373
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• 2023

This study examined the α-glucosidase inhibitory, and apoptosis- and anti-muscular-related factors of goat meat extracts from forelegs, hind legs, loin, and ribs. The goat meat extracts were evaluated for their α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. The gene and protein expression levels of Bcl-2-associated X (bax), p53, and p21 were examined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunoblotting in AGS and HT-29 cells. The expression levels of Atrogin-1 and MHC1b were examined by RT-PCR in C2C12 myoblasts, and the expression levels of Atrogin-1, muscle atrophy F-box (MAFbx), muscle RING-finger protein-1 (MuRF-1), and myosin heavy chain-7 were investigated by immunoblotting. α-Glucosidase inhibitory activity was higher in ethanol extract than in hydrous and hot water extracts. BAX and p53 expression levels were higher (p<0.05) in AGS cells treated with goat meat extract than those of cells treated with no goat meat extract. In HT-29 cells, the protein expression levels of BAX, p53, and p21 were higher (p<0.05) in the cells treated with goat meat extract than those of cells not treated with goat meat extract. In dexamethasone-treated C2C12 cells, goat meat extract treatment lower (p<0.05) the expression of Atrogin-1 and lower (p<0.05) the expression of MAFbx and MuRF-1. The results of the present study indicate that goat meat extracts have α-glucosidase inhibitory activity in vitro. In addition, apoptosis was induced in AGS cells and HT-29 cells treated with goat meat extract, and anti-muscular atrophy activity was also observed in C2C12 cells treated with goat meat extract.

• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
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• 제26권2_2호
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• pp.285-291
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• 2023

In this paper, in order to secure the safety and productivity of pine cone harvest, modeling and structural analysis of the hammering system for pine cone harvest drone that can easily access pine cone of Pinus koraiensis and collide with them to harvest them was performed. It calculate the equivalent stress for the structure of the hammering system and the yield strength of the applied material by applying the shear force of the stalk at which the pine cone is separated from the branch, and it is to verify the safety of the structure and propose an optimal design through appropriate factor of safety and design change. The shear force of the stalk at which the pine cone was separated from the branch was 468 N, and was applied to both ends of the hammering system. The yield strength of SS400 steel used in the hammering system is 245 ㎫, and the design change and structural analysis were performed so that the Von Mises stress could be less than 122.5 ㎫ by applying the factor of safety of 2.0 or more. As a result of the structural analysis of the frist modeling, the Von Mises stress was 220.3 ㎫, the factor of safety was 1.12, and the stress was concentrated in the screw fastening holes. As a result of the design change of the screw fastening holes, the Von Mises stress was 169.4 ㎫, the factor of safety was 1.45, and the stress was concentrated on the side part. As a result of the design change by changing screw fastening holes and adding ribs, the Von Mises stress was 121.6 ㎫, and the factor of safety was 2.02. The safety of the hammering system was secured with an optimal design with little change in mass. There was no deformation or damage as a result of experimenting on pine cone harvest by manufacturing the hammering system with an optimal design.