• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.329-335
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• 2013

금당도지역에 분포하는 화성암은 구성광물, 야외증거와 산상을 근거로 유문암, 반정질유문암, 중성맥암으로 구분되어 진다. TAS(total alkali-silica) 다이아그램에서 유문암은 유문암-데사이트의 영역에 그리고 반정질유문암은 유문암 영역에 속한다. 유문암과 반정질유문암의 생성시기를 밝히기 위하여 전암을 이용한 K-Ar법으로 절대연대측정이 수행되었으며 그 결과 전자는 76-78Ma로 백악기말 캄파니안에, 후자는 71-72Ma로 캄파니안과 마스트리크티안의 경계에 속한다. 이 지질연대는 백악기말 동안 한반도 남부지역에서 활발하게 진행되었던 유천층군의 화성활동에 대비된다. 한반도 서남부지역에 분포하는 화산암과 백악기층에서 발견되는 다양한 시기와 성분을 갖는 화산암의 지질연대를 근거로 이 지역에서 108-71Ma 사이에 유라시아판과 태평양판의 충돌에 의한 활발한 화성활동이 지속적으로 진행되었을 지시한다.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.177-186
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• 1970

Bupyong lead-silver mine is located at outskirt of Inchon, a harbor city on the Yellow Sea about 40 km due west of Seoul. The geology of the area is composed of gneisses of pre-Cambrian age, rhyolite of Jurassic to Cretaceous age which extruded over the gneisses and late Cretaceous granite. Small diabasic dike is observed only in the underground. The contact plane between overlying rhyolite and underlain gneiss is sinuous and generally pitches about $30^{\circ}{\sim}40^{\circ}$ toward east. Conjugate joints and fissures are well developed in the rhyolite striking generally north-southward. Three ore bodies are being exploited and three more are under prospecting. These ore bodies range from few tons of hundred thousand to million tons in reserve. These ore bodies occur exclusively in the rhyolite along joints as network and/or desseminated type. The lower limit of ore bodies is always delineated at about 20~30m above the gneiss which might be indicative of ore genesis that has not been clearly explained so far. Two hypothesis on ore genesis could, however, be considered: firstly lithologic difference in the rhyolite might be a manifestation of different flows along which ore solution ascended and replaced along joints; secondly diabasic dike has acted as ore bringer since the dike contains considerable amount of silver, lead and zine. Ore minerals are galena and native silver accompanied by pyrite, argentite, pyragyrite and magnetite. It is believed that pyritization took place in advance to main mineralization, and ore deposit is classified as meso- to epi-thermal type.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.299-306
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• 2021

The alkali-silica reaction (ASR) is a highly complex chemical reaction which causes damage to concrete and thus adversely affects the durability and service life. Significant damage can occur in concrete structures due to cracking because of the chemical reactions taking place. Various mineral and chemical additives have been used so far to mitigate ASR and/or to reduce its adverse effects. In this study, ground trachyte and rhyolite provided from Rize-Çağrankaya region, Turkey, were used to investigate their effectiveness in controlling ASR-induced damage by substituting them with cement at certain ratios. In this context, initially the possible use of trachyte and rhyolite as pozzolanas was determined in accordance with BS EN 450-1 and TS 25 standards by considering their pozzolanic activities and then their effectiveness in mitigating the ASR was evaluated as per ASTM C 1567-13. In experimental study, blends of trachyte and rhyolite were prepared by substituting them by cement at 25%, 35%, and 50% percentage. Totally 7 mixes were prepared and three samples of 25×25×285 mm mortar bars were prepared from each batch. The length changes of the mortar bars were determined at the end of 3, 7, 14 and 28 days of exposure. SEM, along with XRD analyses were performed to examine and elementally determine the ASR products that have been formed. The results obtained have shown that ground trachyte and rhyolite used in this study can be used as pozzolanas in concrete and they can also significantly mitigate ASR-induced damage as the substitution ratio increases.

• 한국지형학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.47-65
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• 2018

Frost shattering has traditionally been considered as one of the most effective process in rock weathering. Each slab specimens of five or six rhyolite, basalt and tuff was prepared and put in freeze-thaw cycles and repeated 300 times in the temperature of $-25^{\circ}C$ to $+30^{\circ}C$ and their weathering patterns and products were analyzed by surface observation, particle size, XRD and thin section. As the result, some changes were observed in weathering patterns and weathering products. Rock shattering was more active in waterlogging rather than atmospheric conditions, but there are many differences depending on the type of rock. Rhyolite is hardly weathered by 300 times freeze-thaw cycles and generates the least amount of weathering products. Weathering of Basalt is limited to the surface layer where water can be absorbed, and produces a few amount of platy-shape debris. Tuff are separated by blocky structure which the particles are aggregated along their edges rather than enlarged existing cracks/joins or generated new joints.

• 암석학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.108-120
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• 1996

본역의 산성화산암류는 원효산응회암과 천성산응회암으로 구분되며 원효산응회암은 주로 라필라응회암, 유리질응회암이며 하부에는 용결구조가 현저하지 않고 상부의 층은 용결구조가 현저한 용결응회암이다. 천성산 응회암은 주로 결정질라필리응회암, 우리질응회암이며 하부에는 장석의 반정이 현저한 암색의 비용결응회암이며 상부의 담색의 응회암은 용결응회암이다. 주원소 산화물은 $SiO_2$에 대한 투영해 보면 거의 대부분 연속적인 변화 경향을 보이므로 본역이 화산암의 생성은 분별결정작용과 밀접히 관련되어 있다. 본역의 화산암류의 주성분, 미량 원소 함량 조성 및 Ba/La비, La/Th 비 등은 조산대에서의 화산호의 판별비와 일치하며, 이중에서도 high-K suite에 속한다. Zr-Th-Nb 지구조 판별도에서 본역의 화산암류들은 지판이 침강 섭입하는 지판 경계부(destructive plate margin)에서 생성된 마그마로부터 유래한 화산암류의 조구적 위치 영역에 도시가 된다. 본역의 화산암류를 형성한 마그마는 맨틀에서 기원하여 해구로부터 비교적 떨어진 거리의 대륙 연안부에서, 섭입 침강하는 해양판의 영향을 받은 것으로 보인다.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1995

The smectite-rich clays were found locally in Paleozoic calcareous sedimentary rocks in the Samcheok area. Their occurrences were investigated in detail, and the physico-chemical properties of the clays were also determined by X-ray diffraction, chemical analysis, thermal analysis and cation exchanging experiment. The smectite clays occur as the fissure filling dyke developed in calcareous sedimentary rock and as alteration products of intrusive rhyolite. Most of clays occur at the contact between the sedimentary rock and the rhyolite, and the alteration zone was observed only in rhyolite body close to the contact. Judging from their occurrences, it is believed that the smectite-rich clays in this area were formed by the hydrothemal alteration. The smectite clays from the area are mainly composed of Ca-montmorillonite, and associated with small quantities of quartz, opal-CT and feldspar. The montmorillonites from this area are lower in Fe content, and higher in exchangeable Ca ion, compared to those of bentonite from the Yangnam-Yeongil area.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.53-66
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• 1977

Epithermal Mn-Au-Ag deposits of subvolcanic type in the Yeongil area discovered by one (Soo Jin Kim) of the present authors was studied with emphasis on their mineralogy, genesis and future potential. Mineralization is genetically related to volcanic activities of the Tertiary Period, which have produced porphyritic rhyolite, granite porphyry, felsitic rhyolite and agglomerate. Ore deposits are closely associated with felsitic rhyolite. They occur as breccia-filling, veins, or networks. Mineralization is characterized by rhodochrosite-sulfide ores of breccia-type in the central zone, and sulfide ores of disseminated type in the outer zone. Sulfides consist mainly of pyrite and marcasite, with minor chalcopyrite, sphalerite, argentian tetrahedrite, galena and gold in the central zone, and of pyrite, marcasite and argentian tetrahedrite in the outer zone. Sulfides are generally not easily identified with naked eye because of their very fine-grained nature. Wall rock alteration zones are also developed around ore deposits over the large area. Occurrence of ore deposits and the nature of mineralization indicate that the uppermost portion of ore deposits are now exposed on the surface, and therefore, the main mineralized zones are expected in depth.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.225-232
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• 1992

The hydrothermal alteration is evaluated using multicomponent equilibrium calculations with the program CHILLER for the reactions between hydrothermal water and rhyolite at the temperature of $300^{\circ}C$ and pressure of 500 bars. The chemical-reaction model on the depositional processes of the sericitite confirms that the hydrothermal water-rock interaction(hydrothermal alteration) is the main mechanism of the sericitite formation. The principal change in the aqueous phase during the reaction is the pH increase. Overall trends for the major species are the increase in total molalities of K, Ca, $SiO_2$, Al, Mg, Fe, Na, and sulfide in solid phase with hydrothermal water-rhyolite reaction and the decrease of them in aqeous solution by precipitation of hydrothermal products. Quartz and sericite are the first minerals to form. The sequence of minerals to precipitate following them is chlorite, epidote, pyrite and microcline as water/rock ratio decreases. Although calculated results cannot duplicate the complexities of natural hydrothermal alteration, the calculation provides thermodynamic constraints on the natural process. The calculation results resemble those of experimental studies. Sericitite forms where pH decreases and water/rock ratio increases.

• 지질공학
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.459-474
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• 2009

암반의 불연속면과 선구조의 분포성을 상호 분석하고 대비한 결과 선구조선의 발달이 절리와 성인적으로 상관성이 있고, 시추코어를 대상으로 측정된 불연속면의 간격은 1~20 cm이며 단층작용과 관련된 단층각력을 함유하는 단열대가 발달하는 유문암체에서 절리간격이 가장 조밀하게 나타난다. $Nb/Y-Zr/TiO_2$ 성분도에서 본 역의 화산암류는 비알카리 계열의 응회암, 유문암, 현무암에 해당된다. Hf/3-Th-Nb/16 삼각도에 의하면 destructive plate-margin basalt와 이들의 분화물에 속하며 Rb/Zr-Nb 성분도에 의하면 화산암의 생성 환경은 normal continental arc에 해당된다. 대부분의 LREE가 아주 부화되고 HREE는 결핍되는 패턴을 보인다. K/Ar 방법으로 측정한 연대는 중성 화산암이 55.3 Ma, 응회암은 77.25~91.22 Ma, 유문암은 63.16~64.39 Ma, 결정질응회암은 54.49 Ma이다.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.299-314
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• 1984

The Yeongdo Island in Busan City is a remnant of the latest Cretaceous volcano, and consists geologically of andesites, rhyolite tuff, pelitic and psammitic hornfelses, lapilli rhyodacite tuff of the Yucheon Group, felsite and felsite porphyry of the Bulgugsa intrusives, and Holocene sediments in ascending order. The hornfelses are bound to the Taejongdae Formation. The stratigraphic position of the Formation is determined definitely into the Yucheon Group, thus the geologic age is approximately the same with the volcanic rocks of the Group. The sediments had been thermally metamorphosed to make pelitic and psammitic hornfelses of the albite epidote hornfels facies by the effects of active hydrothermal circulation, vaporization, and hybridization of andesitic solution, or of basification of acidic intrusives. Thus, on occasion, those hornfelses are not used to be distinguished from the andesitic rocks in the southeastern part of the Korean peninsula. The paleocurrent direction determined from several cross-beddings of the Taejongdae Formation is suggested to be from southwest to northeast. Orbicular rocks occur in hornfelsed rhyolite tuff, pelitic- and psammitic-hornfelses, and felsite porphyry at a lot of outcrops in the area of southwestern shoreline of the Yeongdo Island. Orbicules in rhyolite tuff and hornfels in the island might have originated from diffusion processes of metasomatic metamorphism carried out by hydrothermal solution rised from the intrusive adamellite which may be emplaced deeply under the Yeongdo volcanics. Those orbicules are due to metasomatic, secondary, and epigenetic origin. Proto-, multi-shelled, and multi-cored orbicules are described in the orbicular tuff. But multi-cored orbicules are not found in the orbicular fornfels. 250 tuff-orbicules numbered sporadically are in $20,000m^2$ area of the locality of orbicular tuff. About 60 hornfels-orbicules occurred sporadically are in $1,700m^2$ area of the locality of orbicular hornfels in the Taejongdae Formation. Orbicules in felsite porphyry might have originated by diffusion reaction between xenoliths and a quiescent zone in felsite porphyry magma. Those are of igneous, primary, and syngenetic origin.